Research graph
References from GLP-1 receptor agonists—a potential therapy for chronic kidney disease?. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Chronic kidney disease
10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32064-5 · 2017 · External reference
Chronic kidney disease
10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01942-7 · 2026 · External reference
Glomerular hyperfiltration as a therapeutic target for CKD
10.1093/ndt/gfae027 · 2024 · External reference
The proximal tubule is the primary target of injury and progression of kidney disease: role of the glomerulotubular junction
10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2016 · 2016 · External reference
Tubular atrophy in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease progression
10.1007/s00467-015-3169-4 · 2016 · External reference
Kidney fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
10.1038/s41392-023-01379-7 · 2023 · External reference
Inflammation-related mechanisms in chronic kidney disease prediction, progression, and outcome
10.1155/2018/2180373 · 2018 · External reference
Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies
10.1056/nejm199811123392007 · 1998 · External reference
Angiotensin II: a key factor in the inflammatory and fibrotic response in kidney diseases
10.1093/ndt/gfi265 · 2006 · External reference
Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30045-3 · 2020 · External reference
A random comparison of fosinopril and nifedipine GITS in patients with primary renal disease
10.1097/00004872-200110000-00023 · 2001 · External reference
Effect of ramipril vs amlodipine on renal outcomes in hypertensive nephrosclerosis a randomized controlled trial
10.1001/jama.285.21.2719 · 2001 · External reference
Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
10.1056/nejmoa011161 · 2001 · External reference
SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32590-x · 2019 · External reference
Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease
10.1056/nejmoa2204233 · 2023 · External reference
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
10.1056/nejmoa1811744 · 2019 · External reference
Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease
10.1056/nejmoa2024816 · 2020 · External reference
SGLT2 inhibitors: mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit beyond glycaemic control
10.1038/s41569-020-0406-8 · 2020 · External reference
Mechanisms leading to differential hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in the diabetic kidney: modulation by SGLT2 inhibitors and hypoxia mimetics
10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.04.016 · 2021 · External reference
Canagliflozin prevents intrarenal angiotensinogen augmentation and mitigates kidney injury and hypertension in mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
10.1159/000499597 · 2019 · External reference
Renal protection of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, finerenone, in diabetic kidney disease
10.3803/enm.2022.1629 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab777 · 2022 · External reference
Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2025845 · 2020 · External reference
Finerenone in persons with chronic kidney disease without diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2604625 · 2026 · External reference
Investigating the use of finerenone in children with chronic kidney disease and proteinuria: design of the FIONA and open-label extension studies
10.1186/s13063-024-08021-z · 2024 · External reference
Atrasentan in patients with IgA nephropathy
10.1056/nejmoa2409415 · 2025 · External reference
Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30772-x · 2019 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of sparsentan versus irbesartan in patients with IgA nephropathy (PROTECT): 2-year results from a randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02302-4 · 2023 · External reference
Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas
10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42531-8 · 1992 · External reference
Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP
10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.054 · 2007 · External reference
KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease
10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.008 · 2022 · External reference
Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1
10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.001 · 2018 · External reference
Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00040-6 · 2015 · External reference
Change in albuminuria and subsequent risk of end-stage kidney disease: an individual participant-level consortium meta-analysis of observational studies
10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30313-9 · 2019 · External reference
Albuminuria in cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders: a state-of-the-art review
10.1161/circulationaha.124.071079 · 2025 · External reference
Baseline, early changes, and residual albuminuria: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial of dapagliflozin in chronic kidney disease
10.2215/cjn.0000000000000550 · 2024 · External reference
Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial
10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30104-9 · 2018 · External reference
Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE Diabetes randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2015.9676 · 2015 · External reference
Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER
10.1161/circulationaha.121.055459 · 2022 · External reference
Long-term kidney outcomes of semaglutide in obesity and cardiovascular disease in the SELECT trial
10.1038/s41591-024-03015-5 · 2024 · External reference
Effects of semaglutide on albuminuria and kidney function in people with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes: exploratory analysis from the STEP 1, 2, and 3 trials
10.2337/dc22-1889 · 2023 · External reference
Changes in albuminuria predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the LEADER trial
10.2337/dc20-1622 · 2021 · External reference
Semaglutide in patients with overweight or obesity and chronic kidney disease without diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
10.1038/s41591-024-03327-6 · 2025 · External reference
Renal effects and safety of tirzepatide in subjects with and without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.4239/wjd.v16.i2.101282 · 2025 · External reference
Emerging evidence for glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in slowing chronic kidney disease progression
10.1097/mnh.0000000000000976 · 2024 · External reference
Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa1607141 · 2016 · External reference
Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with efpeglenatide in type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2108269 · 2021 · External reference
Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31149-3 · 2019 · External reference
Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32261-x · 2018 · External reference
Semaglutide in patients with obesity-related heart failure and type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2313917 · 2024 · External reference
Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · 2016 · External reference
Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes in the SURPASS-4 trial: post-hoc analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00243-1 · 2022 · External reference
Once-weekly dulaglutide for the treatment of youths with type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2204601 · 2022 · External reference
Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2403347 · 2024 · External reference
The rationale, design and baseline data of FLOW, a kidney outcomes trial with once-weekly semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
10.1093/ndt/gfad009 · 2023 · External reference
Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on kidney and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00271-7 · 2025 · External reference
Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2501006 · 2025 · External reference
Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2307563 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes and mortality with long-acting injectable and oral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
10.2337/dc24-1533 · 2025 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist discontinuation and risks of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes: target trial emulation
10.1136/bmjmed-2025-002150 · 2026 · External reference
Effects of semaglutide with and without concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor use in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease in the FLOW trial
10.1038/s41591-024-03133-0 · 2024 · External reference
Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00203-5 · 2021 · External reference
Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials
10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30249-9 · 2019 · External reference
Activation of GLP-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells reduces the autoregulatory response in afferent arterioles and increases renal blood flow
10.1152/ajprenal.00527.2014 · 2015 · External reference
GLP-1 receptor expression in human tumors and human normal tissues: potential for in vivo targeting
10.2967/jnumed.106.038679 · 2007 · External reference
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor—or not?
10.1210/en.2012-2124 · 2013 · External reference
Activation of the renal GLP-1R leads to expression of Ren1 in the renal vascular tree
10.1002/edm2.234 · 2021 · External reference
The potential for renoprotection with incretin-based drugs
10.1038/ki.2014.236 · 2014 · External reference
GLP-1-based therapeutics for cardiorenal protection in metabolic diseases
10.1093/ndt/gfaf110 · 2026 · External reference
Cardiovascular risk reduction with liraglutide: an exploratory mediation analysis of the LEADER trial
10.2337/dc19-2251 · 2020 · External reference
Incretin-based drugs and the kidney in type 2 diabetes: choosing between DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists
10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.036 · 2021 · External reference
Potential kidney protection with liraglutide and semaglutide: exploratory mediation analysis
10.1111/dom.14443 · 2021 · External reference
Short-term effects of liraglutide on kidney function and vasoactive hormones in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial
10.1111/dom.12651 · 2016 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): effect on kidney hemodynamics and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy men
10.1210/jc.2012-3855 · 2013 · External reference
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
10.3389/fendo.2021.738848 · 2021 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces natriuresis in healthy subjects and in insulin-resistant obese men
10.1210/jc.2003-031403 · 2004 · External reference
Endogenous activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor contributes to blood pressure control
10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14868 · 2020 · External reference
The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in inflammatory response and sepsis
10.1007/s00005-014-0310-1 · 2015 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits endothelin-1 in endothelial cell by repressing nuclear factor-κB activation
10.1007/s10557-013-6463-z · 2013 · External reference
Liraglutide improves the kidney function in a murine model of chronic kidney disease
10.1159/000509418 · 2020 · External reference
The protective roles of GLP-1R signaling in diabetic nephropathy: possible mechanism and therapeutic potential
10.1038/ki.2013.427 · 2014 · External reference
Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on oxidative stress and Nrf2 signaling
10.3390/ijms19010026 · 2018 · External reference
Role of the Nrf2 signaling system in health and disease
10.1111/cge.12474 · 2014 · External reference
Exenatide attenuates obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by activating SIRT1 in renal tubular cells
10.3389/fendo.2021.622737 · 2021 · External reference
Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes
10.1016/j.redox.2023.102849 · 2023 · External reference
GLP-1 analog liraglutide protects against oxidative stress and albuminuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via protein kinase A-mediated inhibition of renal NAD(P)H oxidases
10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.002 · 2012 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ameliorates renal injury through its anti-inflammatory action without lowering blood glucose level in a rat model of type 1 diabetes
10.1007/s00125-010-2028-x · 2011 · External reference
Murine nephrotoxic nephritis as a model of chronic kidney disease
10.1155/2018/8424502 · 2018 · External reference
The GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and semaglutide reduce atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− and LDLr−/− mice by a mechanism that includes inflammatory pathways
10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.09.004 · 2018 · External reference
The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on circulating inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1111/dom.16366 · 2025 · External reference
Treatment with GLP1 receptor agonists reduce serum CRP concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.022 · 2017 · External reference
Impact of semaglutide on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: exploratory patient-level analyses of SUSTAIN and PIONEER randomized clinical trials
10.1186/s12933-022-01585-7 · 2022 · External reference
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential
10.7150/ijbs.59965 · 2021 · External reference
GLP-1 receptor agonists for the reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes
10.1161/circulationaha.122.059595 · 2022 · External reference
GLP-1 receptor agonists and coronary arteries: from mechanisms to events
10.3389/fphar.2022.856111 · 2022 · External reference
Anti-atherosclerotic effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
10.1038/srep10202 · 2015 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) inhibits advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced up-regulation of VCAM-1 mRNA levels in endothelial cells by suppressing AGE receptor (RAGE) expression
10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.075 · 2010 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induces M2 polarization of human macrophages via STAT3 activation
10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.086 · 2012 · External reference
GLP-1 receptor agonist as a modulator of innate immunity
10.3389/fimmu.2022.997578 · 2022 · External reference
Indicators of kidney fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease treated with dulaglutide
10.1159/000529374 · 2023 · External reference
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide attenuates renal fibrosis
10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.004 · 2018 · External reference
Diverse role of TGF-β in kidney disease
10.3389/fcell.2020.00123 · 2020 · External reference
TGF-β signaling in the kidney: profibrotic and protective effects
10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2015 · 2016 · External reference
Protective effects of liraglutide on glomerular podocytes in obese mice by inhibiting the inflammatory factor TNF-α-mediated NF-κB and MAPK pathway
10.1016/j.orcp.2019.03.003 · 2019 · External reference
Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy
10.1042/cs20210625 · 2022 · External reference
GLP-1RAs inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to regulate mouse renal podocyte pyroptosis
10.1007/s00592-023-02184-y · 2024 · External reference
GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, protects podocytes from apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy by promoting white fat browning
10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.012 · 2023 · External reference
MO399: Remodel: a mechanistic trial evaluating the effects of semaglutide on the kidneys in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
10.1093/ndt/gfac070.013 · 2022 · External reference
REMODELing mechanistic trials for kidney disease: a multimodal, tissue-centered approach to understand the renal mechanism of action of semaglutide
10.1016/j.kint.2025.10.005 · 2026 · External reference
Exploring the relationship between efpeglenatide dose and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: insights from the AMPLITUDE-O trial
10.1161/circulationaha.122.063716 · 2023 · External reference
Tirzepatide associated with reduced albuminuria in participants with type 2 diabetes: pooled post hoc analysis from the randomized active- and placebo-controlled SURPASS-1–5 clinical trials
10.2337/dc24-1773 · 2025 · External reference
GLP-1 and the kidney: from physiology to pharmacology and outcomes in diabetes
10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 · 2017 · External reference
Combining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
10.1186/s12933-023-01798-4 · 2023 · External reference
Incretin hormones: their role in health and disease
10.1111/dom.13129 · 2018 · External reference
Risk of gastrointestinal adverse events associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss
10.1001/jama.2023.19574 · 2023 · External reference
A critical analysis of the clinical use of incretin-based therapies: are the GLP-1 therapies safe?
10.2337/dc12-2713 · 2013 · External reference
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1161/jaha.124.039446 · 2025 · External reference
Semaglutide and the risk of diabetic retinopathy—current perspective
10.1038/s41433-021-01741-5 · 2022 · External reference
Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: evaluation of the risks and benefits
10.2337/dc09-1499 · 2010 · External reference
Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
10.1056/nejmoa2032183 · 2021 · External reference
Nutritional considerations during major weight loss therapy: focus on optimal protein and a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern
10.1007/s13668-024-00548-6 · 2024 · External reference
Adiponectin reduces glomerular endothelial glycocalyx disruption and restores glomerular barrier function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes
10.2337/db23-0455 · 2024 · External reference
9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
10.2337/dc25-s009 · 2024 · External reference
Combination therapy as a new standard of care in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease
10.1093/ndt/gfae258 · 2025 · External reference
The efficacy and safety of the combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fphar.2022.838277 · 2022 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with and without glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00155-4 · 2024 · External reference
Primary prevention of cardiovascular and heart failure events with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and their combination in type 2 diabetes
10.2337/dc21-1113 · 2022 · External reference
GLP-1RA vs DPP-4i use and rates of hyperkalemia and RAS blockade discontinuation in type 2 diabetes
10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.3806 · 2024 · External reference
SGLT2 inhibitors and risk for hyperkalemia among individuals receiving RAAS inhibitors
10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0686 · 2025 · External reference
