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References from Pathogenicity and virulence of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i>. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Giardia duodenalis: Biology and Pathogenesis
10.1128/cmr.00024-19 · 2021 · External reference
WHO estimates of the global, regional, and national burden of 14 foodborne diarrhoeal enteric hazards, 2000-21: an updated data synthesis
10.1016/j.langlo.2026.103997 · 2026 · External reference
10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.034
10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.034 · External reference
A large community outbreak of waterborne giardiasis-delayed detection in a non-endemic urban area
10.1186/1471-2458-6-141 · 2006 · External reference
10.1111/jgh.13412
10.1111/jgh.13412 · External reference
Metagenomics: a new frontier for routine pathology testing of gastrointestinal pathogens
10.1186/s13099-024-00673-1 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.05.002
10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.05.002 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis: Role of secreted molecules as virulent factors in the cytotoxic effect on epithelial cells
10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.003 · 2019 · External reference
10.1038/nrmicro2317
10.1038/nrmicro2317 · External reference
10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8974
10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8974 · External reference
Giardia spp. and the Gut Microbiota: Dangerous Liaisons
10.3389/fmicb.2020.618106 · 2021 · External reference
Advances in understanding Giardia: determinants and mechanisms of chronic sequelae
10.12703/p7-62 · 2015 · External reference
10.1097/qco.0000000000000668
10.1097/qco.0000000000000668 · External reference
10.1126/science.1143837
10.1126/science.1143837 · External reference
A chromosome-scale reference genome for Giardia intestinalis WB
10.1038/s41597-020-0377-y · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010773
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010773 · External reference
10.1038/nature01945
10.1038/nature01945 · External reference
10.1371/journal.ppat.1013851
10.1371/journal.ppat.1013851 · External reference
Arginine Consumption by the Intestinal Parasite Giardia intestinalis Reduces Proliferation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells
10.1371/journal.pone.0045325 · 2012 · External reference
L-arginine transport and metabolism in Giardia intestinalis support its position as a transition between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms
10.1099/13500872-141-9-2063 · 1995 · External reference
Proposed taxonomic revision of Giardia duodenalis
10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105430 · 2023 · External reference
Host range expansion of asexual parasite can be explained by loss of adaptions in Muller’s Ratchet
10.1038/s41467-025-65843-4 · 2025 · External reference
Draft Genome Sequencing of Giardia intestinalis Assemblage B Isolate GS: Is Human Giardiasis Caused by Two Different Species?
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000560 · 2009 · External reference
Highly contiguous genomes of human clinical isolates of Giardia duodenalis reveal assemblage- and sub-assemblage-specific presence-absence variation in protein-coding genes
2023 · External reference
10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.001
10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.001 · External reference
Microtubule organelles in Giardia
10.1016/bs.apar.2019.11.001 · 2020 · External reference
10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.019
10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Transcriptome analyses of the Giardia lamblia life cycle
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.05.010 · 2010 · External reference
Encystation of Giardia lamblia: a model for other parasites
10.1016/j.mib.2007.09.011 · 2007 · External reference
10.1128/msphere.00343-16
10.1128/msphere.00343-16 · External reference
Cholesterol starvation induces differentiation of the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia
10.1073/pnas.93.15.7628 · 1996 · External reference
Small-intestinal factors promote encystation of Giardia lamblia in vitro
10.1128/iai.56.3.705-707.1988 · 1988 · External reference
Analysis of in vivo infection dynamics using bioluminescent Giardia duodenalis
10.1128/iai.00144-26 · 2026 · External reference
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during Giardia encystment
10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00412.x · 2001 · External reference
Unraveling the role of cAMP signaling in Giardia: insights into PKA-mediated regulation of encystation and subcellular interactions
10.1128/msphere.00723-24 · 2024 · External reference
Encystation stimuli sensing is mediated by adenylate cyclase AC2-dependent cAMP signaling in Giardia
10.1038/s41467-023-43028-1 · 2023 · External reference
A Detailed Gene Expression Map of Giardia Encystation
10.3390/genes12121932 · 2021 · External reference
Identification of target genes regulated by encystation-induced transcription factor Myb2 using knockout mutagenesis in Giardia lamblia
10.1186/s13071-022-05489-z · 2022 · External reference
A cell-cycle-dependent GARP-like transcriptional repressor regulates the initiation of differentiation in Giardia lamblia
10.1073/pnas.2204402119 · 2022 · External reference
10.1111/cmi.12054
10.1111/cmi.12054 · External reference
Giardia cyst wall protein 1 is a lectin that binds to curled fibrils of the GalNAc homopolymer
10.1371/journal.ppat.1001059 · 2010 · External reference
Identification of Conserved Candidate Vaccine Antigens in the Surface Proteome of Giardia lamblia
10.1128/iai.00219-19 · 2019 · External reference
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010433
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010433 · External reference
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01458.x
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01458.x · External reference
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002167
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002167 · External reference
Giardia’s domed ventral disc architecture is essential for attachment and contributes to epithelial barrier disruption
10.1091/mbc.e23-12-0515 · 2025 · External reference
Disc-associated proteins mediate the unusual hyperstability of the ventral disc in Giardia lamblia
10.1242/jcs.227355 · 2020 · External reference
Attachment of Giardia-a hydrodynamic model based on flagellar activity
10.1242/jeb.60.1.207 · 1974 · External reference
A novel mechanism of microbial attachment: The flagellar pump of Giardia lamblia
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae545 · 2024 · External reference
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010496
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010496 · External reference
10.1039/d4nr00122b
10.1039/d4nr00122b · External reference
Harnessing the power of new genetic tools to illuminate Giardia biology and pathogenesis
10.1093/genetics/iyae038 · 2024 · External reference
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption in the tetraploid protist Giardia intestinalis
10.1098/rsob.210361 · 2022 · External reference
High-Definition DIC Imaging Uncovers Transient Stages of Pathogen Infection Cycles on the Surface of Human Adult Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Epithelium
10.1128/mbio.00022-22 · 2021 · External reference
Adherence of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to Int-407 human intestinal cells
10.1128/cdli.8.2.258-265.2001 · 2001 · External reference
Role of cytoskeleton and surface lectins in Giardia duodenalis attachment to Caco2 cells
10.1007/bf00928679 · 1991 · External reference
Lectin activation in Giardia lamblia by host protease: a novel host-parasite interaction
10.1126/science.3513312 · 1986 · External reference
Characterisation of alpha-1 giardin: an immunodominant Giardia lamblia annexin with glycosaminoglycan-binding activity
10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00201-7 · 2003 · External reference
Mechanisms of epithelial dysfunction in giardiasis
10.1136/gut.2006.107771 · 2007 · External reference
10.1038/nrgastro.2016.169
10.1038/nrgastro.2016.169 · External reference
Giardia disrupts the arrangement of tight, adherens and desmosomal junction proteins of intestinal cells
10.1016/j.parint.2011.11.002 · 2012 · External reference
10.1093/jpids/piw082
10.1093/jpids/piw082 · External reference
Giardia hinders growth by disrupting nutrient metabolism independent of inflammatory enteropathy
10.1038/s41467-023-38363-2 · 2023 · External reference
10.1080/21505594.2018.1451284
10.1080/21505594.2018.1451284 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis Surface Cysteine Proteases Induce Cleavage of the Intestinal Epithelial Cytoskeletal Protein Villin via Myosin Light Chain Kinase
10.1371/journal.pone.0136102 · 2015 · External reference
10.1080/21688370.2016.1274354
10.1080/21688370.2016.1274354 · External reference
10.1128/iai.70.7.3673-3680.2002
10.1128/iai.70.7.3673-3680.2002 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis Induces Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway In Vitro
2020 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis-induced G0/G1 intestinal epithelial cell cycle arrest and apoptosis involve activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127552 · 2023 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis induces extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells through activation of TNFR1 and K63 de-ubiquitination of RIP1 in vitro
10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104315 · 2020 · External reference
Role of CD8+ and CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Jejunal Mucosal Injury during Murine Giardiasis
10.1128/iai.72.6.3536-3542.2004 · 2004 · External reference
The Microbiota Contributes to CD8+ T Cell Activation and Nutrient Malabsorption following Intestinal Infection with Giardia duodenalis
10.1128/iai.00348-16 · 2016 · External reference
10.4049/jimmunol.1100606
10.4049/jimmunol.1100606 · External reference
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01647.x
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01647.x · External reference
Effect of excretory-secretory products of Giardia lamblia on glucose and phenylalanine transport in the small intestine of Swiss albino mice
1988 · External reference
10.1017/s0031182011002137
10.1017/s0031182011002137 · External reference
High-fat diet increases the severity of Giardia infection in association with low-grade inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis
10.1038/s41598-021-98262-8 · 2021 · External reference
10.1007/s11894-023-00870-z
10.1007/s11894-023-00870-z · External reference
Mucosal Defense Against Giardia at the Intestinal Epithelial Cell Interface
10.3389/fimmu.2022.817468 · 2022 · External reference
The history of giardiasis
10.1007/s00436-025-08607-9 · 2025 · External reference
10.1007/s40475-024-00314-2
10.1007/s40475-024-00314-2 · External reference
10.1007/s12011-010-8673-6
10.1007/s12011-010-8673-6 · External reference
10.1159/000321682
10.1159/000321682 · 2010 · External reference
The Impact of Parasitic Infestation on Nutritional Status and Micronutrients among Children
2024 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pntd.0012302
10.1371/journal.pntd.0012302 · External reference
Giardia spp. and the Gut Microbiota: Dangerous Liaisons
10.3389/fmicb.2020.618106 · 2020 · External reference
The role of normal flora in Giardia lamblia infections in mice
10.1086/315409 · 2000 · External reference
Regulatory role of the intestinal microbiota in the immune response against Giardia
10.1038/s41598-021-90261-z · 2021 · External reference
Disturbed gut microbiota and bile homeostasis in Giardia-infected mice contributes to metabolic dysregulation and growth impairment
10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7019 · 2020 · External reference
A shotgun metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiome in humans infected with Giardia duodenalis
10.1186/s13071-023-05821-1 · 2023 · External reference
10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.11.010
10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.11.010 · External reference
10.3855/jidc.8179
10.3855/jidc.8179 · External reference
Intestinal protozoan infections shape fecal bacterial microbiota in children from Guinea-Bissau
10.1371/journal.pntd.0009232 · 2021 · External reference
Natural Infection with Giardia Is Associated with Altered Community Structure of the Human and Canine Gut Microbiome
2020 · External reference
10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107018
10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107018 · External reference
Giardia Alters Commensal Microbial Diversity throughout the Murine Gut
10.1128/iai.00948-16 · 2017 · External reference
10.1080/19490976.2024.2421623
10.1080/19490976.2024.2421623 · External reference
10.1080/19490976.2024.2412676
10.1080/19490976.2024.2412676 · External reference
Adaptive Immunity-Dependent Intestinal Hypermotility Contributes to Host Defense against Giardia spp
10.1128/iai.74.4.2473-2476.2006 · 2006 · External reference
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is necessary for elimination of Giardia lamblia infections in mice
10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.516 · 2006 · External reference
Mast cell-mediated changes in smooth muscle contractility during mouse giardiasis
10.1128/iai.00596-07 · 2007 · External reference
10.1016/j.pt.2017.08.001
10.1016/j.pt.2017.08.001 · External reference
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04251.x
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04251.x · External reference
10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309460
10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309460 · External reference
10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.034
10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.034 · External reference
10.1093/cid/ciu629
10.1093/cid/ciu629 · External reference
Quality of life and its association with irritable bowel syndrome and fatigue ten years after giardiasis
10.1111/nmo.13559 · 2019 · External reference
Postinfectious Syndromes and Long-Term Sequelae after Giardia Infections
10.3201/eid3114.241793 · 2025 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002516
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002516 · External reference
10.1038/s41564-025-02051-2
10.1038/s41564-025-02051-2 · External reference
Demonstration of Trophozoites of G. Lamblia in Ileal Mucosal Biopsy Specimens May Reveal Giardiasis in Patients With Significantly Inflamed Parasite-free Duodenal Mucosa
10.1097/pas.0000000000000665 · 2016 · External reference
10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110462
10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110462 · External reference
High Cysteine Membrane Proteins (HCMPs) Are Up-Regulated During Giardia-Host Cell Interactions
10.3389/fgene.2020.00913 · 2020 · External reference
10.1007/s40475-021-00248-z
10.1007/s40475-021-00248-z · External reference
10.1016/b978-012194851-1/50041-x
10.1016/b978-012194851-1/50041-x · 2003 · External reference
10.1038/nature07585
10.1038/nature07585 · External reference
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003791
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003791 · External reference
Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the control of Giardia lamblia antigenic variation
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05345.x · 2006 · External reference
Specific histone modifications play critical roles in the control of encystation and antigenic variation in the early-branching eukaryote Giardia lamblia
10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.010 · 2016 · External reference
Representational difference analysis identifies specific genes in the interaction of Giardia duodenalis with the murine intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6
10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.04.004 · 2012 · External reference
Frequency of variant antigens in Giardia lamblia
10.1016/0014-4894(90)90067-m · 1990 · External reference
Antibodies to variable surface antigens induce antigenic variation in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia
10.1038/s41467-023-38317-8 · 2023 · External reference
Efficient oral vaccination by bioengineering virus-like particles with protozoan surface proteins
10.1038/s41467-018-08265-9 · 2019 · External reference
Giardia VSPAS7 protein attenuates Giardia intestinalis-induced host macrophage pyroptosis
10.1186/s13071-023-05949-0 · 2023 · External reference
Cytokines, Antibodies, and Histopathological Profiles during Giardia Infection and Variant-Specific Surface Protein-Based Vaccination
10.1128/iai.00773-17 · 2018 · External reference
Variant-Specific Surface Protein Switching inGiardia lamblia
10.1128/iai.69.3.1922-1923.2001 · 2001 · External reference
A 63 kDa VSP9B10A-like protein expressed in a C-8 Giardia duodenalis Mexican clone
10.1016/j.arcmed.2003.12.005 · 2004 · External reference
10.1016/j.exppara.2017.06.006
10.1016/j.exppara.2017.06.006 · External reference
Simultaneous Expression of Different Variant-Specific Surface Proteins in Single Giardia lamblia Trophozoites during Encystation
10.1128/iai.70.9.5265-5268.2002 · 2002 · External reference
10.1007/s40475-015-0049-8
10.1007/s40475-015-0049-8 · External reference
Comparative genomic analyses of freshly isolated Giardia intestinalis assemblage A isolates
10.1186/s12864-015-1893-6 · 2015 · External reference
Genome analysis and comparative genomics of a Giardia intestinalis assemblage E isolate
10.1186/1471-2164-11-543 · 2010 · External reference
10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.003
10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.003 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pntd.0006120
10.1371/journal.pntd.0006120 · External reference
Giardia secretome highlights secreted tenascins as a key component of pathogenesis
10.1093/gigascience/giy003 · 2018 · External reference
10.1002/pmic.201400144
10.1002/pmic.201400144 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pntd.0014153
10.1371/journal.pntd.0014153 · External reference
10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108788
10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108788 · External reference
The Road Less Traveled? Unconventional Protein Secretion at Parasite-Host Interfaces
10.3389/fcell.2021.662711 · 2021 · External reference
A cytonaut’s guide to protein trafficking in Giardia lamblia
10.1016/bs.apar.2019.08.001 · 2019 · External reference
10.1080/21505594.2023.2174288
10.1080/21505594.2023.2174288 · External reference
Protozoa-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Intercellular Communication with Special Emphasis on Giardia lamblia
10.3390/microorganisms10122422 · 2022 · External reference
10.3347/kjp.2022.60.5.309
10.3347/kjp.2022.60.5.309 · External reference
Giardial lipid rafts share virulence factors with secreted vesicles and participate in parasitic infection in mice
10.3389/fcimb.2022.974200 · 2022 · External reference
10.3389/fcimb.2020.00417
10.3389/fcimb.2020.00417 · External reference
A thermo-resistant and RNase-sensitive cargo from Giardia duodenalis extracellular vesicles modifies the behaviour of enterobacteria
10.1002/jex2.109 · 2023 · External reference
Genotype-Specific Small EVs Released by Giardia lamblia Act as Mediators of Phenotypic Adaptation Under Metronidazole-Induced Stress
10.1002/jev2.70139 · 2025 · External reference
The Exosome-like Vesicles of Giardia Assemblages A, B, and E Are Involved in the Delivering of Distinct Small RNA from Parasite to Parasite
10.3390/ijms24119559 · 2023 · External reference
10.1074/jbc.m110250200
10.1074/jbc.m110250200 · 2002 · External reference
A Primitive Enzyme for a Primitive Cell: The Protease Required for Excystation of Giardia
10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80224-x · 1997 · External reference
Giardia lamblia cysteine proteases
10.1007/s00436-006-0149-4 · 2006 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis: analysis of secreted proteases upon trophozoite-epithelial cell interaction in vitro
10.1590/s0074-02762006000600020 · 2006 · External reference
10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.006
10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.006 · External reference
Extracellular Cysteine Proteases of Key Intestinal Protozoan Pathogens-Factors Linked to Virulence and Pathogenicity
10.3390/ijms241612850 · 2023 · External reference
Dispersed cells represent a distinct stage in the transition from bacterial biofilm to planktonic lifestyles
10.1038/ncomms5462 · 2014 · External reference
10.1017/s0031182010000259
10.1017/s0031182010000259 · External reference
Extracellular functions of glycolytic enzymes of parasites: Unpredicted use of ancient proteins
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.02.005 · 2014 · External reference
Transcriptional changes in Giardia during host–parasite interactions
10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.09.011 · 2011 · External reference
Release of metabolic enzymes by Giardia in response to interaction with intestinal epithelial cells
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.02.005 · 2008 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis enolase is secreted as monomer during trophozoite-epithelial cell interactions, activates plasminogen and induces necroptotic damage
10.3389/fcimb.2022.928687 · 2022 · External reference
10.1080/21505594.2025.2605746
10.1080/21505594.2025.2605746 · External reference
Arginine deiminase has multiple regulatory roles in the biology of Giardia lamblia
10.1242/jcs.026963 · 2008 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis Arginine Deiminase Modulates the Phenotype and Cytokine Secretion of Human Dendritic Cells by Depletion of Arginine and Formation of Ammonia
10.1128/iai.00004-13 · 2013 · External reference
10.4049/jimmunol.164.3.1478
10.4049/jimmunol.164.3.1478 · External reference
Giardia lamblia: identification of molecules that contribute to direct mast cell activation
10.1007/s00436-018-5944-1 · 2018 · External reference
Identification of Immunoreactive Proteins during Acute Human Giardiasis
10.1086/375356 · 2003 · External reference
10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00758.x
10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00758.x · External reference
X-ray structure and kinetic properties of ornithine transcarbamoylase from the human parasite Giardia lamblia
10.1002/prot.22469 · 2009 · External reference
α14-Giardin (annexin E1) is associated with tubulin in trophozoites of Giardia lamblia and forms local slubs in the flagella
10.1007/s00436-007-0758-6 · 2008 · External reference
Ultrastructural localization of giardins to the edges of disk microribbons of Giarida lamblia and the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence of alpha giardin
10.1083/jcb.109.5.2323 · 1989 · External reference
10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.12.009
10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.12.009 · External reference
Alpha-1 Giardin is an Annexin with Highly Unusual Calcium-Regulated Mechanisms
10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.041 · 2012 · External reference
Immunodominant proteins α-1 giardin and β-giardin are expressed in both assemblages A and B of Giardia lamblia
10.1186/1471-2180-11-233 · 2011 · External reference
Mode of action of a potentially important excretory–secretory product from Giardia lamblia in mice enterocytes
10.1017/s0031182005007262 · 2005 · External reference
The alteration in signal transduction parameters induced by the excretory-secretory product from Giardia lamblia
10.1017/s0031182004005852 · 2004 · External reference
A potentially important excretory-secretory product of Giardia lamblia
10.1016/s0014-4894(03)00054-7 · 2002 · External reference
Identification and characterization of an excretory–secretory product from Giardia lamblia
10.1017/s0031182001008629 · 2001 · External reference
10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.004
10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.004 · External reference
Intestinal immune responses to commensal and pathogenic protozoa
10.3389/fimmu.2022.963723 · 2022 · External reference
Responses of the Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line Caco-2 to Infection With the Giardia intestinalis GS Isolate
10.3389/fcimb.2018.00244 · 2018 · External reference
Extracellular vesicles secreted by Giardia duodenalis regulate host cell innate immunity via TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways
10.1371/journal.pntd.0009304 · 2021 · External reference
The NLRP3 inflammasome recognizes alpha-2 and alpha-7.3 giardins and decreases the pathogenicity of Giardia duodenalis in mice
10.1186/s13071-023-05688-2 · 2023 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis MIF induces host intestinal damage via CD74 receptor mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation
10.1371/journal.pntd.0013968 · 2026 · External reference
Interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) as a central regulator of the protective immune response against Giardia
10.1038/s41598-017-08590-x · 2017 · External reference
Unravelling the cellular sources and location of IL-17A production during a Giardia infection
10.1038/s41598-025-22662-3 · 2025 · External reference
10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.003
10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.003 · External reference
Antigenic variation and the murine immune response to Giardia lamblia
10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00137-4 · 1998 · External reference
Influence of antibodies in mother’s milk on antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in the murine mother-offspring model of infection
10.1128/iai.66.4.1287-1292.1998 · 1998 · External reference
Giardia increases macrophage production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in response to lipopolysaccharide via macrophage galactose binding lectin
2025 · External reference
Modulation of human dendritic cell activity by Giardia and helminth antigens
10.1111/pim.12525 · 2018 · External reference
Increased expression of CD25, CD83, and CD86, and secretion of IL-12, IL-23, and IL-10 by human dendritic cells incubated in the presence of Toll-like receptor 2 ligands and Giardia duodenalis
10.1186/1756-3305-6-317 · 2013 · External reference
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease
10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7 · 2020 · External reference
10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.014
10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.014 · External reference
Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model of Giardia lamblia infection
10.1128/iai.00065-24 · 2024 · External reference
10.1016/j.exppara.2013.01.007
10.1016/j.exppara.2013.01.007 · External reference
10.1371/journal.pone.0178647
10.1371/journal.pone.0178647 · External reference
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10.1371/journal.ppat.1011372 · External reference
