Research graph
References from Emerging inorganic solar cell efficiency tables (version 3). Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Solar cell efficiency tables: Version 68
10.1016/j.joule.2026.102494 · 2026 · External reference
Device Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Materials (Version 2)
10.1002/aenm.202102526 · 2021 · External reference
Device performance of emerging photovoltaic materials (version 4)
10.1002/aenm.202303173 · 2024 · External reference
Emerging inorganic solar cell efficiency tables (version 2)
10.1088/2515-7655/abebca · 2021 · External reference
Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data
2019 · External reference
Standard Tables for Reference Solar Spectral Irradiances: Direct Normal and Hemispherical on 37° Tilted Surface
10.1520/g0173-03r20 · 2020 · External reference
11.4% efficiency kesterite solar cells on transparent electrode
10.1002/aenm.202300253 · 2023 · External reference
Elemental de-mixing-induced epitaxial kesterite/CdS interface enabling 13%-efficiency kesterite solar cells
10.1038/s41560-022-01132-4 · 2022 · External reference
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 66)
10.1002/pip.3919 · 2025 · External reference
Ge bidirectional diffusion to simultaneously engineer back interface and bulk defects in the absorber for efficient CZTSSe solar cells
10.1002/adma.202202858 · 2022 · External reference
Atomic layer deposited gallium oxide buffer layer enables 1.2V open-circuit voltage in cuprous oxide solar cells
10.1002/adma.201401054 · 2014 · External reference
Reduction of bulk and interface defects via photo-annealing treatment for high-efficiency antimony selenide solar cells
10.1039/d4ee02877e · 2024 · External reference
Highly transparent Cu2O absorbing layer for thin film solar cells
10.1063/5.0072310 · 2021 · External reference
Improved photovoltaic performance from inorganic perovskite oxide thin films with mixed crystal phases
10.1038/s41566-018-0137-0 · 2018 · External reference
Performance enhancement of ZnSnP2 solar cells by a Cu3P back buffer layer
10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110891 · 2021 · External reference
Carrier generation and collection in Zn3P2/InP heterojunction solar cells
10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112349 · 2023 · External reference
Over 10% efficient Cu2CdSnS4 solar cells fabricated from optimized sulfurization
10.1002/adfm.202207470 · 2022 · External reference
Top stack optimization for Cu2BaSn(S, Se)4 photovoltaic cell leads to improved device power conversion efficiency beyond 6%
10.1002/aenm.202201602 · 2022 · External reference
Growth and photovoltaic device application of Cu2BaGe1–xSnxSe4 films prepared by selenization of sequentially deposited precursors
10.1021/acsaem.1c02259 · 2021 · External reference
Ag alloying in Cu2-yAgyBa(Ge,Sn)Se4 films and photovoltaic devices
10.1002/solr.202201058 · 2023 · External reference
Optoelectronic property comparison for isostructural Cu2BaGeSe4 and Cu2BaSnS4 solar absorbers
10.1039/d1ta05666b · 2021 · External reference
Ag incorporation with controlled grain growth enables 12.5% efficient kesterite solar cell with open circuit voltage reached 64.2% Shockley–Queisser limit
10.1002/adfm.202101927 · 2021 · External reference
Ag, Ti dual-cation substitution in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 induced growth promotion and defect suppression for high-efficiency solar cells
10.1039/d2ta05909f · 2022 · External reference
Ag, Ge dual-gradient substitution for low-energy loss and high-efficiency kesterite solar cells
10.1039/d0ta06318e · 2020 · External reference
Defects passivation by solution-processed titanium doping strategy towards high efficiency kesterite solar cells
10.1016/j.cej.2022.139109 · 2023 · External reference
Li/Ag Co‐doping synergistically boosts the efficiency of kesterite solar cells through effective SnZn defect passivation
10.1002/admi.202201677 · 2022 · External reference
Boost the efficiency of Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ solar cell by using Mn2+-induced ultrathin CdS buffer layer
10.1002/solr.202200984 · 2023 · External reference
Synergistic effect of Mn on bandgap fluctuations and surface electrical characteristics in Ag-based Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
10.1039/d0ta10103f · 2020 · External reference
Boosting the electrical properties of cu2znsn(s,se)4 solar cells via low amounts of Mg substituting Zn
10.1021/acsaem.0c02121 · 2020 · External reference
Optimizing the properties of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells via cationic substitution with trace Ca
10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166070 · 2022 · External reference
Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells with Ba trace doping: large chemical mismatch cation Incorporation
10.1002/solr.202100607 · 2021 · External reference
Defect engineering in earth‐abundant Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 photovoltaic materials via Ga3+‐doping for over 12% efficient solar cells
10.1002/adfm.202010325 · 2021 · External reference
Efficient antimony-based solar cells by enhanced charge transfer
10.1002/smtd.201900698 · 2020 · External reference
Efficient solar cells based on light-harvesting antimony sulfoiodide
10.1002/aenm.201701901 · 2018 · External reference
Efficient solar cells employing light-harvesting Sb0.67Bi0.33SI
10.1002/adma.201808344 · 2019 · External reference
Efficient and stable antimony selenoiodide solar cells
10.1002/advs.202003172 · 2021 · External reference
Efficiency improvement of bournonite CuPbSbS3 solar cells via crystallinity enhancement
10.1021/acsami.1c00689 · 2021 · External reference
Impact of cation substitution in (AgxCu1-x)2 ZnSnSe4 absorber‐based solar cells toward 10% efficiency: experimental and theoretical analyses
10.1002/solr.202100441 · 2021 · External reference
Record 1.1V open-circuit voltage for Cu2ZnGeS4-based thin-film solar cells using atomic layer deposition
10.1002/solr.202100837 · 2022 · External reference
The effect of S/Se ratio on the properties of Cu2CdGe(SxSe1-x)4 microcrystalline powders for photovoltaic applications
10.1016/j.solener.2020.09.045 · 2020 · External reference
Interfacial engineering by self‐assembled monolayer for high‐performance Sb2S3 solar cells
10.1002/aenm.202400441 · 2024 · External reference
Ultrasonication‐assisted seed screening enables oriented and efficient low‐dimensional crystal‐structural thin‐film photovoltaics
10.1002/adfm.202214751 · 2023 · External reference
Interfacial strain engineering in wide-bandgap GeS thin films for photovoltaics
10.1021/jacs.1c04734 · 2021 · External reference
Ordering one-dimensional chains enables efficient selenium photovoltaics
10.1016/j.joule.2024.02.024 · 2024 · External reference
Post-deposition in situ passivation of AgBiS2 nanocrystal inks for high-efficiency ultra-thin solar cells
10.1039/d4ee03266g · 2024 · External reference
A versatile molten-salt induction strategy to achieve efficient CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells with a high open-circuit voltage >1.2 V
10.1002/adma.202205028 · 2022 · External reference
Controlled n-doping in air-stable CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells with a record efficiency of 16.79%
10.1002/adfm.201909972 · 2020 · External reference
PEG modified CsPbIBr2 perovskite film for efficient and stable solar cells
10.1002/admi.202000537 · 2020 · External reference
Organic-free and lead-free perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 11%
10.1002/aenm.202202491 · 2022 · External reference
Photovoltaic performance of phase-pure orthorhombic BiSI thin-films
10.1021/acsaem.9b00544 · 2019 · External reference
Four-terminal perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide tandem solar cells: unveiling the path to >27% in power conversion efficiency
10.1002/solr.202200662 · 2022 · External reference
Monolithic two-terminal perovskite/CIS tandem solar cells with efficiency approaching 25%
10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00707 · 2022 · External reference
Nitride-based interfacial layers for monolithic tandem integration of new solar energy materials on Si: The case of CZTS
10.1021/acsaem.0c00280 · 2020 · External reference
Fabrication of monolithic CZTS/Si tandem cells by development of the intermediate connection
10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.029 · 2019 · External reference
Perovskite-kesterite monolithic tandem solar cells with high open-circuit voltage
10.1063/1.4899275 · 2014 · External reference
Interfacial engineering of wide-bandgap perovskites for efficient perovskite/CZTSSe tandem solar cells
10.1002/adfm.202107359 · 2021 · External reference
All antimony chalcogenide tandem solar cell
10.1002/solr.202000048 · 2020 · External reference
All-inorganic Sb2S3-based two-terminal tandem solar cells enable over 10.9% efficiency employing a concise interconnection layer
10.1039/d4ta01881h · 2024 · External reference
General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
2017 · External reference
Ed. 3 Photovoltaic devices—Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics
2020 · External reference
Photovoltaic devices—Part 9: Classification of solar simulator characteristics
2020 · External reference
Photovoltaic devices—Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to measured I–V characteristics
2021 · External reference
Toshiba’s transparent Cu2O tandem solar top cell achieves 8.4% efficiency -a boost to development of no-plug charging EVs and transition to renewable energy
2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Nanocrystalline ZnSnN2 prepared by reactive sputtering, its Schottky diodes and heterojunction solar cells
10.3390/nano13010178 · 2023 · External reference
Band offset engineering in ZnSnN2-based heterojunction for low-cost solar cells
10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00427 · 2018 · External reference
Design and fabrication of InxGa1-xN/GaN solar cells with a multiple-quantum-well structure on SiCN/Si(111) substrates
10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.086 · 2011 · External reference
InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well concentrator solar cells
10.1063/1.3481424 · 2010 · External reference
ZnSnP2 solar cell with (Cd,Zn)S buffer layer: analysis of recombination rates
10.1016/j.solmat.2017.09.035 · 2018 · External reference
Polycrystalline Zn3P2 Schottky barrier solar cells
10.1063/1.92124 · 1981 · External reference
Discovery of the Zintl-phosphide BaCd2P2 as a long carrier lifetime and stable solar absorber
10.1016/j.joule.2024.02.017 · 2024 · External reference
Synthesis and characterization of Zintl-phase BaCd2P2 quantum dots for optoelectronic applications
10.1021/acsnano.5c02271 · 2025 · External reference
CaCd2P2: a visible-light absorbing zintl phosphide stable under photoelectrochemical water oxidation
10.1002/aenm.202505089 · 2026 · External reference
Map of the Zintl AM2Pn2 compounds: influence of chemistry on stability and electronic structure
10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c00353 · 2025 · External reference
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 64)
10.1002/pip.3831 · 2024 · External reference
Energy band alignment and defect synergistic regulation enable air‐solution‐processed kesterite solar cells with the lowest VOC deficit
10.1002/adma.202409327 · 2024 · External reference
Controllable double gradient bandgap strategy enables high efficiency solution‐processed kesterite solar cells
10.1002/adfm.202311992 · 2023 · External reference
Cadmium‐free kesterite thin‐film solar cells with high efficiency approaching 12%
10.1002/advs.202302869 · 2023 · External reference
Sputtering deposited and energy band matched ZnSnN2 buffer layers for highly efficient Cd-Free Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells
10.1002/adfm.202402762 · 2024 · External reference
A codoping strategy for efficient planar heterojunction Sb2S3solar cells
10.1002/aenm.202202897 · 2022 · External reference
A novel multi‐sulfur source collaborative chemical bath deposition technology enables 8%‐efficiency Sb2S3planar solar cells
10.1002/adma.202206242 · 2022 · External reference
Sb2Se3 thin‐film solar cells exceeding 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by injection vapor deposition technology
10.1002/adma.202202969 · 2022 · External reference
Heterojunction annealing enabling record open‐circuit voltage in antimony triselenide solar cells
10.1002/adma.202109078 · 2022 · External reference
Simultaneous band alignment modulation and carrier dynamics optimization enable highest efficiency in Cd‐Free Sb2Se3 solar cells
10.1002/adfm.202403934 · 2024 · External reference
One-dimensional Sb2Se3 enabling ultra-flexible solar cells and mini-modules for IoT applications
10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106101 · 2021 · External reference
High-efficiency flexible Sb2Se3 solar cells by back interface and absorber bulk deep-level trap engineering
10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02066 · 2023 · External reference
Regulating energy band alignment via alkaline metal fluoride assisted solution post‐treatment enabling Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells with 10.7% efficiency
10.1002/aenm.202103015 · 2021 · External reference
Innovative in situ passivation strategy for high‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells
10.1002/adma.202410669 · 2024 · External reference
GeSe thin-film solar cells fabricated by self-regulated rapid thermal sublimation
10.1021/jacs.6b11705 · 2017 · External reference
An antibonding valence band maximum enables defect-tolerant and stable GeSe photovoltaics
10.1038/s41467-021-20955-5 · 2021 · External reference
Thin film AgBiS2 solar cells with over 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by vapor-assisted solution process treatment
10.1016/j.cej.2024.153328 · 2024 · External reference
Efficient and stable Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells through in-situ surface modulation
10.1016/j.cej.2022.137144 · 2022 · External reference
Bismuth complex controlled morphology evolution and CuSCN-induced transport improvement enable efficient BiI3 solar cells
10.3390/nano12183121 · 2022 · External reference
Novel synthesis of semiconductor chalcohalide anti-perovskites by low-temperature molecular precursor ink deposition methodologies
10.1039/d3tc04410f · 2024 · External reference
Emerging chalcohalide materials for energy application
10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00422 · 2023 · External reference
Heavy pnictogen chalcohalides for efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly solar cell applications
10.1088/1361-6528/acb05d · 2023 · External reference
Monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells: a review of the present status and advanced characterization methods toward 30% efficiency
10.1002/aenm.201904102 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
10.3929/ethz-b-000389221
10.3929/ethz-b-000389221 · 2019 · External reference
Materials perspectives for next-generation low-cost tandem solar cells
10.1016/j.solmat.2017.07.033 · 2018 · External reference
Cd-free Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 thin-film solar cell with record efficiency of 23.35%
10.1109/jphotov.2019.2937218 · 2019 · External reference
(Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA)) 2022 Swiss scientists achieve 22.2% efficiency for flexible CIGS solar cell
External reference
Efficiency improvement of near-stoichiometric CuInSe2 solar cells for application in tandem devices
10.1002/aenm.201901428 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2021 · External reference
Recent progress in high efficiency pure sulfide cigs solar cells
2017 · External reference
Record 1.0 V open-circuit voltage in wide band gap chalcopyrite solar cells
10.1002/pip.2914 · 2017 · External reference
Wide-gap (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with different buffer materials-A path to a better heterojunction
10.1002/pip.3232 · 2020 · External reference
Single-crystal II–VI on Si single-junction and tandem solar cells
10.1063/1.3386529 · 2010 · External reference
Monocrystalline 1.7-eV-Bandgap MgCdTe solar cell with 11.2% efficiency
10.1109/jphotov.2017.2769105 · 2018 · External reference
Defect control for 12.5% efficiency Cu2ZnSnSe4 kesterite thin-film solar cells by engineering of local chemical environment
10.1002/adma.202005268 · 2020 · External reference
9.2%-efficient core-shell structured antimony selenide nanorod array solar cells
10.1038/s41467-018-07903-6 · 2019 · External reference
Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with over 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by heterojunction heat treatment
10.1038/s41560-018-0206-0 · 2018 · External reference
Highly improved Sb2S3 sensitized-inorganic–organic heterojunction solar cells and quantification of traps by deep-level transient spectroscopy
10.1002/adfm.201304238 · 2014 · External reference
Hydrothermal deposition of antimony selenosulfide thin films enables solar cells with 10% efficiency
10.1038/s41560-020-0652-3 · 2020 · External reference
High voltage, please!
10.1038/s41560-017-0031-x · 2017 · External reference
Which potential for Kesterite absorbers in tandem solar cells: a quantitative modelling approach
10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938870 · 2022 · External reference
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 60)
10.1002/pip.3595 · 2022 · External reference
Unveiling microscopic carrier loss mechanisms in 12% efficient Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells
10.1038/s41560-022-01078-7 · 2022 · External reference
