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References from Hemodynamic evolution of heart failure from hypertension: lower stroke volume index and higher heart rate. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study
10.1161/01.cir.0000039105.49749.6f · 2002 · External reference
Systolic blood pressure and incident heart failure in the elderly. The Cardiovascular Health Study and the Health, Ageing and Body Composition Study
10.1136/hrt.2011.225482 · 2011 · External reference
Antihypertensive treatment and development of heart failure in hypertension: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of studies in patients with hypertension and high cardiovascular risk
10.1001/archinternmed.2010.427 · 2011 · External reference
The macrocirculation and microcirculation of hypertension
10.1007/s11906-009-0033-6 · 2009 · External reference
Retinal capillary rarefaction is associated with arterial and kidney damage in hypertension
10.1038/s41598-020-79594-3 · 2021 · External reference
Arterial stiffness, pressure and flow pulsatility and brain structure and function: the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study
10.1093/brain/awr253 · 2011 · External reference
Commentary: the hemodynamic basis of hypertensive vasculopathy, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease
10.1093/ajh/hpaf139 · 2025 · External reference
The role of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
10.1093/ejhf/xuag034.010 · 2026 · External reference
Evaluation and management of right-sided heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
10.1161/cir.0000000000000560 · 2018 · External reference
Elevated aortic pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial stiffness, predicts cardiovascular events in well-functioning older adults
10.1161/circulationaha.104.483628 · 2005 · External reference
Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events: the Framingham Heart Study
10.1161/circulationaha.109.886655 · 2010 · External reference
Capillary rarefaction: a missing link in renal and cardiovascular disease?
10.1007/s10456-023-09883-8 · 2024 · External reference
Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure
10.1002/ejhf.2115 · 2021 · External reference
Ejection fraction: misunderstood and overrated (changing the paradigm in categorizing heart failure)
10.1161/circulationaha.116.025795 · 2017 · External reference
Impact of stroke volume on prognostic outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation and concomitant heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.12.011 · 2019 · External reference
Identifying a low-flow phenotype in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a secondary analysis of the RELAX trial
10.1002/ehf2.12431 · 2019 · External reference
The continuous heart failure spectrum: moving beyond an ejection fraction classification
10.1093/eurheartj/ehz158 · 2019 · External reference
Left ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure: crazy, stupid love—and maybe, redemption
10.1161/jaha.124.034642 · 2024 · External reference
Supranormal left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiovascular risk
10.1016/j.jchf.2022.05.007 · 2022 · External reference
Left ventricular stroke volume index outperforms ejection fraction in predicting 1-year mortality in patients with acute heart failure – data from the SwissHeart Failure Network (SHFN)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehad655.943 · 2023 · External reference
Stroke volume but not ejection fraction predicts prognosis in acute heart failure
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1044 · 2021 · External reference
Determinants and covariates of central pressures and wave reflections in systolic heart failure
10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.183 · 2015 · External reference
Decoupling of heart rate and blood pressure: hemodynamic counter-regulatory mechanisms and their implications
10.2991/artres.k.191210.001 · 2019 · External reference
Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
10.1056/nejm198409273111303 · 1984 · External reference
Plasma norepinephrine and age as determinants of systemic hemodynamics in men with established essential hypertension
10.1161/01.hyp.9.4.415 · 1987 · External reference
Cardiac sympathetic nervous activity in congestive heart failure. Evidence for increased neuronal norepinephrine release and preserved neuronal uptake
10.1161/01.cir.88.1.136 · 1993 · External reference
Resting heart rate as predictor for left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure: MESA (Multi-Ethnic study of Atherosclerosis)
10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.027 · 2014 · External reference
Association between high heart rate and high arterial rigidity in normotensive and hypertensive subjects
10.1097/00004872-199715120-00009 · 1997 · External reference
Heart failure with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial
10.1161/circulationaha.107.762229 · 2008 · External reference
2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
10.1161/hyp.0000000000000249 · 2025 · External reference
2024 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee
10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.024 · 2024 · External reference
2024 Update to the 2020 ACC/AHA Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with Heart Failure: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Performance Measures
10.1016/j.jacc.2024.05.014 · 2024 · External reference
Dermal capillary rarefaction as a marker of microvascular damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association with inflammation and disorders of the macrocirculation
10.1111/micc.12451 · 2018 · External reference
Coronary microvascular rarefaction and myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
10.1161/circulationaha.114.009625 · 2015 · External reference
Association of coronary microvascular rarefaction and myocardial fibrosis with coronary artery disease
10.1161/jaha.124.037332 · 2024 · External reference
Sublingual functional capillary rarefaction in chronic heart failure
10.1111/eci.12869 · 2018 · External reference
Retinal capillary rarefaction in patients with untreated mild-moderate hypertension
10.1186/s12872-017-0732-x · 2017 · External reference
Arterial stiffness and cardiorespiratory fitness impairment in the community
10.1161/jaha.123.029619 · 2023 · External reference
Microcirculation and physical exercise in hypertension
10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19465 · 2023 · External reference
Microvascular rarefaction in patients with cerebrovascular events
10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104300 · 2022 · External reference
Influence of heart rate on left ventricular ejection fraction in human beings
10.1016/0002-9149(79)90395-3 · 1979 · External reference
Determinants and consequences of heart rate and stroke volume response to exercise in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
10.1002/ejhf.2146 · 2021 · External reference
Plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, and congestive heart failure. Relations to survival and the effects of therapy in V-HeFT II. The V-HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group
1993 · External reference
10.1016/b978-0-7216-0258-5.50096-x
10.1016/b978-0-7216-0258-5.50096-x · 2005 · External reference
Estimated pulse wave velocity and incident heart failure and its subtypes: findings from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100238 · 2023 · External reference
Effect of antihypertensive therapy on ventricular-arterial mechanics, coupling, and efficiency
10.1093/eurheartj/ehs299 · 2013 · External reference
Lifetime risks for hypertension by contemporary guidelines in African American and white men and women
10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0529 · 2019 · External reference
The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: JNC 7 express
10.1001/jama.289.19.2560 · 2003 · External reference
Lifetime risk of heart failure among participants in the Framingham Study
10.1016/j.jacc.2021.10.043 · 2022 · External reference
HF STATS 2024: heart failure epidemiology and outcomes statistics an updated 2024 report from the Heart Failure Society of America
10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.07.001 · 2025 · External reference
The association of left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality, and cause of death in stable outpatients with heart failure
10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00789-7 · 2003 · External reference
Comparison of risk of re-hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and medical care resource utilization in patients with heart failure and preserved versus reduced ejection fraction
10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.07.018 · 2015 · External reference
Role of tachycardia as an inotropic stimulus in man
10.1172/jci109352 · 1979 · External reference
The prognostic significance of heart rate in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in sinus rhythm: insights from the EVEREST (efficacy of vasopressin antagonism in heart failure: outcome study with tolvaptan) trial
10.1016/j.jchf.2013.08.005 · 2013 · External reference
Prognostic impact of increased pulse pressure/stroke index in a registry of hypertensive patients: the Campania salute network
10.1080/08037051.2019.1612705 · 2019 · External reference
In-treatment stroke volume predicts cardiovascular risk in hypertension
10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834921fb · 2011 · External reference