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References from Impact of sports participation on genu varum among youth: a systematic review. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The relationship between football participation level and lower leg alignment in youth males: genu varum
10.11114/jets.v7i2.3955 · 2019 · External reference
Normal limits of knee angle in white children—genu varum and genu valgum
1993 · External reference
Genu varum in children: diagnosis and treatment
10.5435/00124635-199511000-00003 · 1995 · External reference
How does lower leg alignment differ between soccer players, other athletes, and non-athletic controls?
10.1007/s00167-016-4348-y · 2016 · External reference
Coronal-plane leg alignment in adolescence and the effects of activity: a full leg length MRI study
10.1002/jor.25442 · 2023 · External reference
Genu varum and football participation: does football participation affect lower extremity alignment in adolescents?
10.1016/j.knee.2020.10.007 · 2020 · External reference
Association of soccer and genu varum in adolescents
10.5812/traumamon.17184 · 2015 · External reference
Youth soccer players: patterns of injury involving the primary growth plates of epiphyses
10.1007/s00256-023-04541-y · 2025 · External reference
Health-related outcomes of youth sport participation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1186/s12966-025-01792-x · 2025 · External reference
Relationship between postural changes and injuries of the locomotor system in indoor soccer athletes
10.1590/s1517-86922003000200005 · 2003 · External reference
Primary periphyseal stress injuries in young athletes: a systematic review
10.1007/s40279-021-01511-z · 2022 · External reference
Radiographic analysis of lower limb alignment in professional football players
10.1007/s00402-019-03266-9 · 2019 · External reference
Bowlegs and intensive football training in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3238/arztebl.2018.0401 · 2018 · External reference
Does soccer participation lead to genu varum?
10.1007/s00167-008-0710-z · 2009 · External reference
Is high-impact sports participation associated with bowlegs in adolescent boys?
10.1249/mss.0b013e3182407ca0 · 2012 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
10.1136/bmj.n71 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Knee alignment in adolescents is correlated with participation in weight-bearing sports
10.1007/s00264-018-4015-7 · 2018 · External reference
Does soccer practice stress the degrees of genu Varo?
10.1590/s1517-86922011000500007 · 2011 · External reference
Playing football as a risk factor for lower leg malalignment?—Comparing lower leg Axis of male adolescent football players and referees
10.3390/app13137928 · 2023 · External reference
High prevalence of Varus knee malalignment in adolescent football players—clinical lower leg Axis measurements of male junior football players aged 7 to 18 years
10.3390/children11080953 · 2024 · External reference
Lower limb injuries and their association with anthropometrics-an observational study of 381 German elite youth football players
10.1186/s13102-025-01190-7 · 2025 · External reference
Analysis of genu varum in young male professional soccer players
10.1177/23259671251330602 · 2025 · External reference
Prevalence of bowlegs among child and adolescent soccer players
10.1097/01.jsm.0000244602.74460.e4 · 2006 · External reference
The coronal alignment of lower limbs in the adolescent football and ice hockey players
10.1007/s43465-023-01061-8 · 2024 · External reference
The influence of the lower limb components on genu varum in football players: a full leg length magnetic resonance imaging study
10.1186/s13102-025-01075-9 · 2025 · External reference
Quantitative evaluation of growth plates around the knees of adolescent soccer players by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
10.1155/2015/482017 · 2015 · External reference
Knee joint in soccer players: osteoarthritis and axis deviation
10.1249/00005768-198508000-00005 · 1985 · External reference
Associations between growth, maturation and injury in youth athletes engaged in elite pathways: a scoping review
10.1136/bjsports-2024-108233 · 2024 · External reference
Physeal widening in the knee due to stress injury in child athletes
10.2214/ajr.04.1606 · 2006 · External reference
Chronically stressed wrists in adolescent gymnasts: MR imaging appearance
10.1148/radiology.195.3.7754021 · 1995 · External reference
A structural and mechanism-based perspective toward understanding pediatric and adult sports injuries
10.2214/ajr.15.15937 · 2016 · External reference
Imaging of pediatric growth plate disturbances
10.1148/rg.2017170029 · 2017 · External reference
Inconsistencies and imprecision in the nomenclature used to describe primary periphyseal stress injuries: towards a better understanding
10.1007/s40279-022-01648-5 · 2022 · External reference
Overuse injury of the epiphyseal primary Physis
10.1055/s-0044-1785207 · 2024 · External reference
From Garrincha’s legs to Neymar’s legs: the genu varum and valgum in soccer. Historical overview and update
10.1590/1413-785220212905242471 · 2021 · External reference
Early osteoarthritis and reduced quality of life after retirement in former professional soccer players
10.6061/clinics/2014(09)03 · 2014 · External reference
Profesyonel futbolcularda antropometrik değişkenler, yaş ve futbola katilim ile genu varum arasindaki ilişki
10.33689/spormetre.667859 · 2020 · External reference
Weight loss in obese people has structure-modifying effects on medial but not on lateral knee articular cartilage
10.1136/ard.2010.144725 · 2012 · External reference
Evaluation of the relationship between the bone alignment of the lower extremity and the importance of Q angle in male athletes
10.1177/00368504241304202 · 2025 · External reference
Does intensive soccer playing during the growth period lead to leg length discrepancies?
10.1055/s-0043-117600 · 2017 · External reference