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References from EACTS Expert Consensus Document on Robotic Cardiac Surgery Minimum Standards for Programme Implementation, Training and Quality Assurance, developed in collaboration with EACTAIC and EBCP. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgeons future view on robotic cardiac surgery in Europe
10.1093/ejcts/ezae339 · 2024 · External reference
Robotic Cardiac Surgery in Europe: Status 2020
10.3389/fcvm.2021.827515 · 2021 · External reference
Systematic review and meta-analysis of two decades of reported outcomes for robotic coronary artery bypass grafting
10.21037/acs-2023-rcabg-0191 · 2024 · External reference
Advanced Robotics for the Next-Generation of Cardiac Interventions
10.3390/mi16040363 · 2025 · External reference
No surgical innovation without evaluation: the IDEAL recommendations
10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61116-8 · 2009 · External reference
IDEAL-D Framework for Device Innovation: A Consensus Statement on the Preclinical Stage
10.1097/sla.0000000000004907 · 2022 · External reference
Contemporary robotic cardiac surgical training
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.11.005 · 2023 · External reference
The way forward in research on robotic cardiac surgery: the need for transatlantic robotic cardiac surgery registry
10.21037/acs-2023-rcabg-0183 · 2024 · External reference
Harmonizing guidelines and other clinical practice documents: A joint comprehensive methodology manual by the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS), and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)
10.1093/ejcts/ezae345 · 2024 · External reference
Development of a surgical robot for cementless total hip arthroplasty
10.1097/00003086-199212000-00010 · 1992 · External reference
Surgical robotics: the early chronicles: a personal historical perspective
10.1097/00129689-200202000-00002 · 2002 · External reference
Computer-enhanced “robotic” cardiac surgery: experience in 148 patients
10.1067/mtc.2001.112625 · 2001 · External reference
Robots in laparoscopic surgery
10.1089/10926420152761950 · 2001 · External reference
Jr. Robotic technology in surgery: past, present, and future
10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.08.025 · 2004 · External reference
Endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting with the aid of robotic assisted instruments
10.1016/s0022-5223(99)70133-9 · 1999 · External reference
In-hospital mortality and morbidity after robotic coronary artery surgery
10.1053/j.jvca.2014.03.009 · 2015 · External reference
Trends in Robotic-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts: A Study of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, 2006 to 2012
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.12.059 · 2016 · External reference
Minimally invasive and robotic coronary artery bypass grafting-a 25-year review
10.21037/jtd-20-1535 · 2021 · External reference
Robotic Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes from the Past two Decades
10.1177/1556984519827703 · 2019 · External reference
Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.07.037 · 2018 · External reference
Robotic Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.07.047 · 2024 · External reference
Benefits of robotically-assisted surgery for complex mitral valve repair
10.1093/icvts/ivaa271 · 2021 · External reference
Current state of the art and recommendations in robotic mitral valve surgery
10.1093/icvts/ivac160 · 2022 · External reference
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery with or without robotics: Examining the evidence
10.1111/jocs.16854 · 2022 · External reference
Robotic Congenital Cardiac Surgery Practice Worldwide: A Systematic Review
10.1155/jocs/4692522 · 2025 · External reference
A comparison of total thoracoscopic versus robotic approach for cardiac myxoma resection: a single-center retrospective study
10.1007/s11701-023-01531-z · 2023 · External reference
Outcomes following initial multicenter experience with robotic aortic valve replacement: Defining a path forward
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.01.020 · 2024 · External reference
Totally endoscopic ablation of lone atrial fibrillation: initial clinical experience
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.07.095 · 2006 · External reference
Robotic-assisted cryothermic Cox maze for persistent atrial fibrillation: Longitudinal follow-up
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.05.012 · 2023 · External reference
Minimally invasive and robotic techniques for implantation of ventricular assist devices in patients with heart failure
10.1080/17434440.2025.2505672 · 2025 · External reference
Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Insertion
10.1177/15569845251333432 · 2025 · External reference
"First-in-human" totally robotic orthotopic heart transplant
10.1016/j.healun.2025.02.1685 · 2025 · External reference
Embracing industry in the development of robotic coronary bypass grafting-the sun rises in the East
10.21037/acs-2024-rcabg-14 · 2024 · External reference
Robotic coronary revascularization in Europe, state of art and future of EACTS-endorsed Robotic Cardiothoracic Surgery Taskforce
10.1093/icvts/ivac108 · 2022 · External reference
The ERUS Curriculum for Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Structure Definition and Pilot Clinical Validation
10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.031 · 2019 · External reference
Committee Opinion No. 674: Guiding Principles for Privileging of Innovative Procedures in Gynecologic Surgery
2016 · External reference
Robot-Assisted Surgery for Noncancerous Gynecologic Conditions: ACOG COMMITTEE OPINION, Number 810
10.1097/aog.0000000000004048 · 2020 · External reference
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Expert Consensus Statements on a Framework for a Standardized National Robotic Curriculum for Thoracic Surgery Trainees
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.12.003 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
How to advance from minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting to totally endoscopic coronary bypass grafting: challenges in Europe versus United States of America
10.21037/acs-2023-rcabg-0210 · 2024 · External reference
The IDEAL framework for surgical robotics: development, comparative evaluation and long-term monitoring
10.1038/s41591-023-02732-7 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Innovation and disruptive science determine the future of cardiothoracic surgery
10.1093/ejcts/ezae022 · 2024 · External reference
Comparing the accuracy of the da Vinci Xi and da Vinci Si for image guidance and automation
10.1002/rcs.2149 · 2020 · External reference
Historical perspectives and state of the art in joint force sensory feedback control of manipulation robots
10.1017/s0263574700019251 · 1993 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1974 · External reference
The first European remote robotic heart surgery
10.1093/eurheartj/ehag002 · 2026 · External reference
Verification of delay time and image compression thresholds for telesurgery
10.1111/ases.13150 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
History of robotic surgery: from AESOP® and ZEUS® to da Vinci®
2011 · External reference
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Expert Consensus Pathway for Robotic Cardiac Surgical Training
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2026.01.003 · 2026 · External reference
2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization
10.1093/ejcts/ezy289 · 2019 · External reference
Pathway for surgeons and programs to establish and maintain a successful robot-assisted adult cardiac surgery program
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.05.018 · 2016 · External reference
Learning curve of robotic mitral repair: prospective two-centre study of proficiency and clinical outcomes
10.1093/ejcts/ezae426 · 2024 · External reference
Robotic Cardiac Surgery: What the Young Surgeon Should Know
2020 · External reference
A Discrete-Event Simulation Model to Configure Operating Rooms for Robotic Cardiac Surgery
10.1177/23814683251410133 · 2026 · External reference
A meta-analysis of robotic vs. conventional mitral valve surgery
2015 · External reference
Improved robotic-assisted cardiac surgery outcomes with greater hospital volume: a national representative cohort analysis of 10,543 cardiac surgery surgeries
10.1007/s11701-025-02308-2 · 2025 · External reference
EACTS clinical statement: guidance for the provision of adult cardiac surgery
10.1093/ejcts/ezw300 · 2016 · External reference
The epicenter of change: Robotic cardiac surgery as a career choice
10.1111/jocs.15865 · 2021 · External reference
A Shifting Paradigm in Robotic Heart Surgery: From Single-Procedure Approach to Establishing a Robotic Heart Center of Excellence
10.1177/1556984520922933 · 2020 · External reference
Robotic mitral valve repair for degenerative posterior leaflet prolapse
10.21037/acs.2017.01.07 · 2017 · External reference
Preoperative planning of left-sided valve surgery with 3D computed tomography reconstruction models: sternotomy or a minimally invasive approach?
10.1093/icvts/ivv408 · 2016 · External reference
Complications and their management in robotic mitral valve surgery from the surgical assistant’s perspective
10.21037/acs-2022-rmvs-15 · 2022 · External reference
Safe implementation of robotic-assisted minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass: application of learning curves and cumulative sum analysis
10.21037/jtd-21-775 · 2021 · External reference
Small incisions still require great anesthesia: anesthesiology techniques to enhance recovery in robotic coronary bypass grafting
10.21037/acs-2024-rcabg-0048 · 2024 · External reference
Building a successful minimally invasive mitral valve repair program before introducing the robotic approach: The Massachusetts General Hospital experience
10.3389/fcvm.2023.1113908 · 2023 · External reference
Association between improved compliance with enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery guidelines and postoperative outcomes: A retrospective study
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.07.010 · 2024 · External reference
Optimal Management of Patients Treated With Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery in the Era of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Fast-Track Protocols: A Narrative Review
10.1053/j.jvca.2021.02.035 · 2022 · External reference
Comparison of the single-lumen endotracheal tube and double-lumen endobronchial tube used in minimally invasive cardiac surgery for the fast track protocol
10.21037/jtd.2016.03.13 · 2016 · External reference
Anaesthesiology for uniportal VATS: double lumen, single lumen and tubeless
10.21037/jovs.2017.07.05 · 2017 · External reference
Lung collapse: which strategy?
10.23736/s0375-9393.23.17465-7 · 2023 · External reference
Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2021: Guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists
10.1111/anae.15501 · 2021 · External reference
2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery
10.1093/ejcts/ezae354 · 2025 · External reference
Anesthetic issues for robotic cardiac surgery
10.4103/0971-9784.148323 · 2015 · External reference
Distal leg protection for peripheral cannulation in minimally invasive and totally endoscopic cardiac surgery
10.1532/hsf98.20091045 · 2009 · External reference
Inhalational or total intravenous anesthetic for cardiac surgery: does the debate even exist?
10.1097/aco.0000000000001087 · 2022 · External reference
Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural and paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery
10.4103/0971-9784.41576 · 2008 · External reference
Erector Spinae Regional Anesthesia for Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Is Not Associated With Reduced Postoperative Opioid Use: A Retrospective Observational Study
10.1053/j.jvca.2020.09.112 · 2021 · External reference
Practice Advisory for Postoperative Pain Management of Cardiac Surgical Patients: A Report by Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists
10.1053/j.jvca.2024.10.014 · 2025 · External reference
Intrathecal Morphine for Analgesia in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blinded Clinical Trial
10.1097/aln.0000000000003963 · 2021 · External reference
Do chest tubes obviate the need for thoracic erector spinae plane blocks?
10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111112 · 2023 · External reference
Prophylactic noninvasive respiratory support in the immediate postoperative period after cardiac surgery - a systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.1186/s12890-023-02525-1 · 2023 · External reference
Ultrafast track versus conventional fast track in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a propensity score-matched analysis
2023 · External reference
Patient Selection and Institutional Expertise as Critical Determinants of On-Table Extubation Success After Cardiac Surgery: A Synthesis of Contemporary Evidence
10.1053/j.jvca.2025.10.048 · 2026 · External reference
Perioperative Care in Cardiac Surgery: A Joint Consensus Statement by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Cardiac Society, ERAS International Society, and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.12.006 · 2024 · External reference
Postoperative Weight Gain within Enhanced Recovery after Cardiac Surgery
10.3390/jcdd10060263 · 2023 · External reference
Correlation of postoperative fluid balance and weight and their impact on outcomes
10.1007/s00423-020-02004-9 · 2020 · External reference
EBCP Expert consensus statement on basic qualifications and competencies for clinical perfusionists in Europe developed in collaboration with EACTS and EACTAIC: Knowledge, skills, and competencies required for contemporary clinical perfusion practice
10.1093/ejcts/ezaf336 · 2026 · External reference
De-Airing Maneuvers After Minimally Invasive and Robotic-Assisted Intracardiac Procedures
10.21470/1678-9741-2022-0214 · 2023 · External reference
The Stradivari Violin of Robotic Heart Surgery: The Robotic EndoWrist Stabilizer
10.1177/15569845241279259 · 2024 · External reference
Heart team 2.0: A decision tree for minimally invasive and hybrid myocardial revascularization
10.1016/j.tcm.2020.07.005 · 2021 · External reference
Hybrid coronary revascularization using robotic totally endoscopic surgery: perioperative outcomes and 5-year results
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.05.041 · 2012 · External reference
Robotic advanced hybrid coronary revascularization: Outcomes with two internal thoracic artery grafts and stents
10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.08.012 · 2022 · External reference
Advanced hybrid coronary revascularization with robotic totally endoscopic triple bypass surgery and left main percutaneous intervention
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.05.070 · 2012 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Robotic off-pump totally endoscopic hand-sewn coronary artery bypass using in-situ bilateral internal mammary artery
10.1510/mmcts.2020.001 · 2020 · External reference
How to perform distal anastomosis using a robotic platform: totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass
10.21037/acs-2023-rcabg-0211 · 2024 · External reference
Technical aspects of robotically assisted left atrial myxoma resection
10.21037/acs-2022-rmvs-68 · 2022 · External reference
Robotic-assisted MIDCAB procedure through a minithoracotomy: Step-by-step instructions
10.1510/mmcts.2022.045 · 2022 · External reference
Robotic atrial myxoma resection-papillary subtype
10.21037/acs-2022-rmvs-162 · 2022 · External reference
Robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting: how I teach it
10.21037/acs-2024-rcabg-0033 · 2024 · External reference
Robotic mitral valve replacement for rheumatic mitral disease
10.21037/acs.2016.08.03 · 2017 · External reference
Video-atlas on robotically assisted mitral valve surgery
2013 · External reference
Robotically assisted mitral valve repair-the string, ruler, and bulldog technique
10.21037/acs-2022-rmvs-30 · 2022 · External reference
Teaching the next generation of robotic coronary surgeons
10.21037/acs-2023-rcabg-11 · 2024 · External reference
Lateral access fully robotic aortic valve replacement "RAVR": from novel to normal
10.21037/acs-2025-ravr-0049 · 2025 · External reference
Robotic endoscopic aortic valve replacement with rapid deployment valve: technique and outcomes
10.21037/acs-2025-ravr-10 · 2025 · External reference
Total endoscopic coronary artery bypass on a DaVinci Xi platform without an EndoWrist stabilizer combining the technology of GelPOINT Mini, AirSeal, and Octopus Nuvo
10.21037/acs-2024-rcabg-0112 · 2024 · External reference
How to robotically harvest the internal mammary artery in a skeletonized, clipless fashion using bipolar micro forceps
10.1510/mmcts.2025.093 · 2025 · External reference
Is Video-Based Education an Effective Method in Surgical Education? A Systematic Review
10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.01.014 · 2018 · External reference
Robotic mitral valve repair and resection of a pericardial cyst in Maffucci syndrome with sternal manifestations: A case report
10.1016/j.xjtc.2024.01.017 · 2024 · External reference
How I perform totally endoscopic robotic mitral valve repair
10.21037/acs-2022-rmvs-16 · 2022 · External reference
Totally endoscopic, robotic-assisted tricuspid valve repair with neochords
10.1510/mmcts.2022.056 · 2022 · External reference
Robotic, totally endoscopic excision of mitral valve papillary fibroelastoma
10.1510/mmcts.2021.045 · 2021 · External reference
New computational fluid dynamics-based method for morphological and functional assessment in cardiovascular skill training
10.1016/j.jvscit.2022.09.012 · 2022 · External reference
Simulation-based assessment of robotic cardiac surgery skills: An international multicenter, cross-specialty trial
10.1016/j.xjon.2023.10.029 · 2023 · External reference
Performance and Capability Assessment in Surgical Subtask Automation
10.3390/s22072501 · 2022 · External reference
Analysis of the learning curve for beating heart, totally endoscopic, coronary artery bypass grafting
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.02.002 · 2014 · External reference
Robotic endoscopic left internal mammary artery harvesting: what have we learned after 100 cases?
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.055 · 2007 · External reference
Total endoscopic computer enhanced coronary artery bypass grafting
10.1016/s1010-7940(99)00356-5 · 2000 · External reference
An analysis of the learning curve for robotic-assisted mitral valve repair
10.1111/jocs.15281 · 2021 · External reference
Three hundred robotic-assisted mitral valve repairs: the Cedars-Sinai experience
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.09.035 · 2014 · External reference
Artificial intelligence-based action recognition and skill assessment in robotic cardiac surgery simulation: a feasibility study
10.1007/s11701-025-02563-3 · 2025 · External reference
Evaluation of robotic cardiac surgery simulation training: A randomized controlled trial
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.02.016 · 2016 · External reference
Development and Validation of a Low-Cost, High-Fidelity Simulation Model for Robotic Internal Mammary Artery Harvest Using the da Vinci Xi Robot
10.1177/15569845241286012 · 2024 · External reference
Surgical simulation training should become a mandatory part of orthopaedic education
10.1186/s40634-022-00455-1 · 2022 · External reference
Cardiovascular Surgery Residency Program: Training Coronary Anastomosis Using the Arroyo Simulator and UNIFESP Models
2015 · External reference
Implementation of a beating heart system for training in off-pump and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass
10.1186/s12893-020-01023-z · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy of simulation training for beating heart coronary anastomosis using BEAT + YOUCAN simulator
10.1177/02184923211060214 · 2022 · External reference
Simulation Training in Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
10.1532/hsf.3185 · 2020 · External reference
Remote simulator training of coronary artery bypass grafting during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
10.1016/j.xjon.2021.08.019 · 2021 · External reference
Do manual assisting maneuvers increase speed and technical performance in robotically sutured coronary bypass graft anastomoses?
10.1007/s00464-007-9233-9 · 2007 · External reference
Inexpensive and Easy to Set Up Robotic Cardiac Simulator Offers "Unlimited" Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Experience: Proof of Concept
10.1177/15569845231199997 · 2023 · External reference
Machine Learning Models for Objective Assessment of Vascular Anastomoses Using Computational Fluid Dynamics for Surgical Skill Training—A Retrospective Study
10.3390/jcm15103588 · 2026 · External reference
A novel low-fidelity simulator for both mitral valve and tricuspid valve surgery: the surgical skills trainer for classic open and minimally invasive techniques
10.1093/icvts/ivs451 · 2013 · External reference
Telesimulation Training for Endoscopic Mitral Valve Surgery: An Air-Pilot Training Concept for Distance Training
10.1177/15569845241237778 · 2024 · External reference
Surgical training of minimally invasive mitral valve repair on a patient-specific simulator improves surgical skills
10.1093/ejcts/ezad387 · 2024 · External reference
10.25373/ctsnet.8035631
10.25373/ctsnet.8035631 · 2019 · External reference
Strategic implementation of a new robotic mitral repair program: Early experience and outcomes
10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.09.052 · 2025 · External reference
Metric-based simulation training to proficiency in medical education:- what it is and how to do it
2012 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1987 · External reference
Virtual reality simulation for the operating room: proficiency-based training as a paradigm shift in surgical skills training
10.1097/01.sla.0000151982.85062.80 · 2005 · External reference
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery III: Training and Robotic-Assisted Approaches
10.1097/imi.0000000000000299 · 2016 · External reference
Developing Proficiency in Robotic Cardiac Surgery
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.07.049 · 2025 · External reference
The future of simulation technologies for complex cardiovascular procedures
10.1093/eurheartj/ehs155 · 2012 · External reference
Multi-spectrum robotic cardiac surgery: Early outcomes
10.1016/j.xjtc.2021.12.018 · 2022 · External reference
Beating heart totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.03.014 · 2010 · External reference
Five hundred cases of robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting: predictors of success and safety
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.09.071 · 2013 · External reference
Training surgeons to perform robotically assisted totally endoscopic coronary surgery
10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.089 · 2009 · External reference
Robotic Aortic Valve Replacement Using the Intuity Bioprosthesis Through a Right Lateral Approach
10.1177/15569845221125774 · 2022 · External reference
Five Maneuvers to Facilitate Faster Robotic Mitral Valve Repair
10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.10.016 · 2019 · External reference
Artificial intelligence: revolutionizing robotic surgery: review
10.1097/ms9.0000000000002426 · 2024 · External reference
Current and Future View on Artificial Intelligence in Cardiothoracic Surgery
10.1093/ejcts/ezag112 · 2026 · External reference
Cost Analysis of Robot-Assisted Versus On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Single-Center Surgical and 30-Day Outcomes Comparison
10.1177/15569845241269312 · 2024 · External reference
Robotic-Assisted Versus Traditional Full-Sternotomy Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedures: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of Hospital Costs
10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.10.083 · 2024 · External reference
Closed-chest robotic repair of mitral prolapse. Surgical technique and early results
10.3389/fcvm.2023.1237151 · 2023 · External reference