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References from Sex-specific median lethal dose in bumble bee adults orally and topically exposed to two insecticides and one fungicide. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Assessing pesticide residue occurrence and risks in the environment across Europe and Argentina
10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125056 · 2024 · External reference
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance cypermethrin
10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5402 · 2018 · External reference
A meta-analysis comparing the sensitivity of bees to pesticides
10.1007/s10646-014-1190-1 · 2014 · External reference
Insect cuticle: A critical determinant of insecticide resistance
10.1016/j.cois.2018.03.001 · 2018 · External reference
Pesticide reduces bumblebee colony initiation and increases probability of population extinction
10.1038/s41559-017-0260-1 · 2017 · External reference
Pesticide residues in beeswax from Western Spain: Toxicological risk for bee health and beekeeping productivity
10.1016/j.etap.2025.104744 · 2025 · External reference
From global to local—New insights into features of pyrethroid detoxification in vector mosquitoes
10.3390/insects12040276 · 2021 · External reference
Pesticide residue survey of pollen loads collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera) in daily intervals at three agricultural sites in South Germany
10.1371/journal.pone.0199995 · 2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
What are the main reasons for the worldwide decline in pollinator populations?
10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0016 · 2024 · External reference
brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan
10.18637/jss.v080.i01 · 2017 · External reference
Global trends in bumble bee health
10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111847/1 · 2020 · External reference
Neonicotinoids and other insect nicotinic receptor competitive modulators: Progress and prospects
10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043042 · 2018 · External reference
A global-scale expert assessment of drivers and risks associated with pollinator decline
10.1038/s41559-021-01534-9 · 2021 · External reference
Guidance on the risk assessment of plant protection products on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees)
10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3295 · 2013 · External reference
Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance tebuconazole
10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3485 · 2014 · External reference
Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance acetamiprid
10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4610 · 2016 · External reference
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance cypermethrin
10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5402 · 2018 · External reference
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and gene expression patterns of different GST classes in Musca domestica L. depending on sex and stage of development
10.3390/ijms262311366 · 2025 · External reference
Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers
10.1126/science.1255957 · 2015 · External reference
Comparison of pesticide exposure in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Implications for risk assessments
10.1093/ee/nvy168 · 2019 · External reference
Impact of pesticide use on wild bee distributions across the United States
10.1038/s41893-024-01413-8 · 2024 · External reference
Statement on the active substance acetamiprid
10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7031 · 2022 · External reference
Unravelling nicotinic receptor and ligand features underlying neonicotinoid knockdown actions on the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae
10.1098/rsob.240057 · 2024 · External reference
Insect sterol nutrition: Physiological mechanisms, ecology, and applications
10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025017 · 2020 · External reference
Mediation of pyrethroid insecticide toxicity to honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases
10.1603/0022-0493-99.4.1046 · 2006 · External reference
10.32614/cran.package.survminer
10.32614/cran.package.survminer · 2016 · External reference
The impact of restrictions on neonicotinoid and fipronil insecticides on pest management in maize, oilseed rape and sunflower in eight European Union regions
10.1002/ps.4715 · 2018 · External reference
Pesticide exposure affects flight dynamics and reduces flight endurance in bumblebees
10.1002/ece3.5143 · 2019 · External reference
Pesticides put our food security at risk by reducing bee survival almost five times
10.1007/s13592-024-01087-3 · 2024 · External reference
Relevance of wild and managed bees for human well-being
10.1016/j.cois.2018.02.011 · 2018 · External reference
Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops
10.1098/rspb.2006.3721 · 2007 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Wild bee toxicity data for pesticide risk assessments
10.3390/data4030098 · 2019 · External reference
Cuticular penetration of β-cypermethrin in insecticide-susceptible and resistant strains of Bactrocera dorsalis
10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.05.002 · 2012 · External reference
Intra-specific variation in sensitivity of Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis to three pesticides
10.1038/s41598-022-22239-4 · 2022 · External reference
Drone honey bees are disproportionately sensitive to abiotic stressors despite expressing high levels of stress response proteins
10.1038/s42003-022-03092-7 · 2022 · External reference
Sexual selection and immune function in Drosophila melanogaster
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00286.x · 2008 · External reference
One size does not fit all: Caste and sex differences in the response of bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) to chronic oral neonicotinoid exposure
10.1371/journal.pone.0200041 · 2018 · External reference
Pesticide use negatively affects bumble bees across European landscapes
10.1038/s41586-023-06773-3 · 2024 · External reference
Non-neonicotinoid pesticides impact bumblebee activity and pollen provisioning
10.1111/1365-2664.14444 · 2023 · External reference
10.1787/9789264284104-en
10.1787/9789264284104-en · 2017 · External reference
10.1787/9789264284128-en
10.1787/9789264284128-en · 2017 · External reference
Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development
10.1007/s13280-020-01333-9/figures/2 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Synergistic interactions between a variety of insecticides and an ergosterol-biosynthesis-inhibitor fungicide in dietary exposures of bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.)
10.1002/ps.4756 · 2018 · External reference
Pesticide exposure and effects on non-Apis bees
10.1146/annurev-ento-040323-020625 · 2024 · External reference
Assessing the acute toxicity of insecticides to the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris audax)
10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104562 · 2020 · External reference
Insect cuticle and insecticide development
10.1002/arch.22057 · 2023 · External reference
Dose-response analysis using R
10.1371/journal.pone.0146021 · 2015 · External reference
Drastic shifts in the Belgian bumblebee community over the last century
10.1007/s10531-020-01988-6 · 2020 · External reference
Pesticide residues and bees—A risk assessment
10.1371/journal.pone.0094482 · 2014 · External reference
Reproduction–immunity trade-offs in insects
10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023924 · 2016 · External reference
Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils—A hidden reality unfolded
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441 · 2019 · External reference
Sulfoxaflor exposure reduces bumblebee reproductive success
10.1038/s41586-018-0430-6 · 2018 · External reference
Pesticide licensing in the EU and protecting pollinators
10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.002 · 2023 · External reference
Neonicotinoid pesticide exposure impairs crop pollination services provided by bumblebees
10.1038/nature16167 · 2015 · External reference
Roundup causes high levels of mortality following contact exposure in bumble bees
10.1111/1365-2664.13867 · 2021 · External reference
Fungicide and insecticide exposure adversely impacts bumblebees and pollination services under semi-field conditions
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106813 · 2021 · External reference
Azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin lead to decreased fitness of honey bee drones (Apis mellifera ligustica)
10.3390/agriculture15151590 · 2025 · External reference
Lethal, sublethal, and combined effects of pesticides on bees: A meta-analysis and new risk assessment tools
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156857 · 2022 · External reference
Cuticle thickening mediates insecticide penetration resistance in Spodoptera litura
10.1016/j.jare.2025.02.027 · 2025 · External reference
Transcriptional control of quality differences in the lipid-based cuticle barrier in Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster
10.3389/fgene.2020.00887 · 2020 · External reference
10.32614/cran.package.ggplot2
10.32614/cran.package.ggplot2 · 2020 · External reference
Managed honey bees as a radar for wild bee decline?
10.1007/s13592-020-00788-9 · 2020 · External reference
Contributions of cuticle permeability and enzyme detoxification to pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
10.1038/s41598-017-11357-z · 2017 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics of three neonicotinoid insecticides upon contact exposure in the western honey bee,
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00315 · 2019 · External reference