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References from 2026 ESC Guidelines for the management of heart failure. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
2024 Revision of the level of evidence grading system for ESC clinical practice guideline recommendations I: therapy and prevention
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf009 · 2025 · External reference
2024 Revision of the level of evidence grading system for ESC clinical practice guideline recommendations II: diagnostic tests and prediction models
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf016 · 2025 · External reference
2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 · 2021 · External reference
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
10.1161/cir.0000000000001063 · 2022 · External reference
2023 Focused update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
10.1093/eurheartj/ehad195 · 2023 · External reference
2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehac244 · 2022 · External reference
2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf193 · 2025 · External reference
2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of myocarditis and pericarditis
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf192 · 2025 · External reference
2025 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf194 · 2025 · External reference
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes
10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177 · 2024 · External reference
Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure: endorsed by the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Heart Failure Association of India, Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, and Chinese Heart Failure Association
10.1002/ejhf.2115 · 2021 · External reference
An update on global epidemiology in heart failure
10.1093/eurheartj/ehac248 · 2022 · External reference
Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology
10.1093/cvr/cvac013 · 2023 · External reference
Prevalence, incidence and survival of heart failure: a systematic review
10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320131 · 2022 · External reference
Insights into the European heart failure epidemiology
10.1002/ejhf.3710 · 2025 · External reference
Age-specific trends in incidence, mortality, and comorbidities of heart failure in Denmark, 1995 to 2012
10.1161/circulationaha.116.025941 · 2017 · External reference
Temporal trends and patterns in heart failure incidence: a population-based study of 4 million individuals
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32520-5 · 2018 · External reference
Sex differences in the etiology and burden of heart failure across country income level: analysis of 204 countries and territories 1990–2019
10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac088 · 2023 · External reference
Heart failure in young adults: 20-year trends in hospitalization, aetiology, and case fatality in Sweden
10.1093/eurheartj/eht278 · 2014 · External reference
Epidemiology of heart failure in young adults: a French nationwide cohort study
10.1093/eurheartj/ehac651 · 2023 · External reference
Epidemiology of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in the Framingham study: an echocardiographic study over 3 decades
10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.08.007 · 2018 · External reference
Sex-based differences in heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum: phenotyping, and prognostic and therapeutic implications
10.1016/j.jchf.2019.03.011 · 2019 · External reference
Phenomapping in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights, limitations, and future directions
10.1093/cvr/cvac179 · 2023 · External reference
Geographical variation in patient characteristics and outcomes in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction
10.1002/ejhf.3352 · 2024 · External reference
Age-specific mortality trends in heart failure over 25 years: a retrospective Danish nationwide cohort study
10.1016/s2666-7568(24)00029-1 · 2024 · External reference
Trends in heart failure mortality in Sweden between 1997 and 2022
10.1002/ejhf.3506 · 2024 · External reference
Temporal trends and patterns in mortality after incident heart failure: a longitudinal analysis of 86 000 individuals
10.1001/jamacardio.2019.3593 · 2019 · External reference
Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5-year outcomes
10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.074 · 2017 · External reference
Comparison of risk of re-hospitalization, all-cause mortality, and medical care resource utilization in patients with heart failure and preserved versus reduced ejection fraction
10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.07.018 · 2015 · External reference
Importance of diagnostic setting in determining mortality in patients with new-onset heart failure: temporal trends in Denmark from 1997 to 2017
10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab073 · 2022 · External reference
Recurrent heart failure hospitalizations increase the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure in Sweden: a real-world study
10.1002/ehf2.13296 · 2021 · External reference
A comprehensive population-based characterization of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction
10.1002/ejhf.945 · 2017 · External reference
Significance of ischemic heart disease in patients with heart failure and preserved, midrange, and reduced ejection fraction: a nationwide cohort study
10.1161/circheartfailure.117.003875 · 2017 · External reference
Heart failure with mid-range or mildly reduced ejection fraction
10.1038/s41569-021-00605-5 · 2022 · External reference
β Blockers after myocardial infarction with mildly reduced ejection fraction: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01592-2 · 2025 · External reference
Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction: an individual patient-level analysis of double-blind randomized trials
10.1093/eurheartj/ehx564 · 2018 · External reference
Association between oral beta blocker therapy and long-term outcomes after myocardial infarction in individuals with mildly reduced or preserved left ventricular function: a meta-analysis of contemporary randomized controlled trials
10.1007/s10557-025-07826-7 · 2025 · External reference
The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and midrange ejection fraction: a post hoc subgroup analysis from the PEACE trial
10.1177/1753944718809266 · 2018 · External reference
The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study
10.1093/eurheartj/ehl250 · 2006 · External reference
Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction in CHARM: characteristics, outcomes and effect of candesartan across the entire ejection fraction spectrum
10.1002/ejhf.1149 · 2018 · External reference
Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14285-7 · 2003 · External reference
Angiotensin–neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
10.1056/nejmoa1908655 · 2019 · External reference
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure: an individual patient level meta-analysis
10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01733-1 · 2024 · External reference
Dapagliflozin across the range of ejection fraction in patients with heart failure: a patient-level, pooled meta-analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER
10.1038/s41591-022-01971-4 · 2022 · External reference
Effect of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab798 · 2022 · External reference
Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction: retrospective study of ejection fraction trajectory risk
10.1002/ehf2.13869 · 2022 · External reference
AHA/ACC/ESC/WHF Expert Consensus Document: Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure 2026
10.1093/eurheartj/ehag500 · 2026 · External reference
Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of chronic right-sided heart failure and tricuspid regurgitation. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC
10.1002/ejhf.3106 · 2024 · External reference
2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 · 2013 · External reference
Trends in population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases across three decades
10.1093/eurjpc/zwae219 · 2024 · External reference
Race- and sex-specific population attributable fractions of incident heart failure: a population-based cohort study from the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project
10.1161/circheartfailure.120.008113 · 2021 · External reference
Absolute and attributable risks of heart failure incidence in relation to optimal risk factors
10.1161/circheartfailure.108.794933 · 2009 · External reference
Body-mass index trajectories from childhood to mid-adulthood and their sociodemographic predictors: evidence from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium
10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101440 · 2022 · External reference
Risk factor clusters and cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients: the UCC-SMART study
10.5334/gh.897 · 2021 · External reference
Trajectories of blood lipid concentrations over the adult life course and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: observations from the Framingham Study over 35 years
10.1161/jaha.118.011433 · 2019 · External reference
Blood pressure trajectories in early adulthood and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age
10.1001/jama.2013.285122 · 2014 · External reference
The burden of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among adolescents and young adults in 24 western European countries, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019
10.3389/ijph.2023.1606491 · 2023 · External reference
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01330-1 · 2021 · External reference
Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
10.1016/s0140-6736(25)00355-1 · 2025 · External reference
2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes
10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 · 2023 · External reference
2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484 · 2021 · External reference
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension
10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178 · 2024 · External reference
Multifaceted intensive blood pressure control model in older and younger individuals with hypertension: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamacardio.2024.1449 · 2024 · External reference
Trial of intensive blood-pressure control in older patients with hypertension
10.1056/nejmoa2111437 · 2021 · External reference
Systolic blood pressure control targets to prevent major cardiovascular events and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20954 · 2023 · External reference
Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older
10.1056/nejmoa0801369 · 2008 · External reference
A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control
10.1056/nejmoa1511939 · 2015 · External reference
Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group
10.1001/jama.1997.03550030052033 · 1997 · External reference
Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2016.7050 · 2016 · External reference
Glucose-lowering drugs or strategies and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with or at risk for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00044-3 · 2015 · External reference
GLP-1-ra and heart failure-related outcomes in patients with and without history of heart failure: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1007/s00392-023-02362-6 · 2024 · External reference
Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes and mortality with long-acting injectable and oral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
10.2337/dc25-0241 · 2025 · External reference
SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of heart failure: a scientific statement of the HFA and the HFAI
10.1002/ehf2.15408 · 2025 · External reference
Association of baseline and longitudinal changes in body composition measures with risk of heart failure and myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: findings from the Look AHEAD trial
10.1161/circulationaha.120.050941 · 2020 · External reference
The effect of statin therapy on heart failure events: a collaborative meta-analysis of unpublished data from major randomized trials
10.1093/eurheartj/ehv072 · 2015 · External reference
Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure
10.1038/s41467-019-13690-5 · 2020 · External reference
Predicting survival in heart failure: a risk score based on 39 372 patients from 30 studies
10.1093/eurheartj/ehs337 · 2013 · External reference
The Seattle Heart Failure Model: prediction of survival in heart failure
10.1161/circulationaha.105.584102 · 2006 · External reference
Personalized lifetime prediction of survival and treatment benefit in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the LIFE-HF model
10.1002/ejhf.3028 · 2023 · External reference
Risk prediction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the LIFE-preserved model
10.1093/eurheartj/ehag182 · 2026 · External reference
Development and validation of the American Heart Association’s PREVENT equations
10.1161/circulationaha.123.067626 · 2024 · External reference
Prediction of incident heart failure in individuals without prior cardiovascular disease: the SCORE2-HF risk model
10.1093/eurheartj/ehag154 · 2026 · External reference
Prediction of incident heart failure in established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: the SMART2-HF model
10.1093/eurheartj/ehag153 · 2026 · External reference
The EAT-Lancet diet index, plasma proteins, and risk of heart failure in a population-based cohort
10.1016/j.jchf.2024.02.017 · 2024 · External reference
Association of lifestyle with incidence of heart failure according to metabolic and genetic risk status: a population-based prospective study
10.1161/circheartfailure.122.009592 · 2022 · External reference
Hypothetical 22-year intervention with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and risk of heart failure in a general population
10.1093/aje/kwad181 · 2024 · External reference
The DASH diet is associated with a lower risk of heart failure: a cohort study
10.1093/eurjpc/zwac003 · 2022 · External reference
The association of the Mediterranean diet with heart failure risk in a Dutch population
10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.003 · 2021 · External reference
Mediterranean diet and risk of heart failure: results from the PREDIMED randomized controlled trial
10.1002/ejhf.750 · 2017 · External reference
Healthy lifestyle and risk of heart failure: results from 2 prospective cohort studies
10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002855 · 2016 · External reference
Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary time, and heart failure risk in women aged 63 to 99 years
10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5692 · 2024 · External reference
Changes in patterns of physical activity and risk of heart failure in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients
10.4093/dmj.2021.0046 · 2022 · External reference
Sedentary time and cumulative risk of preserved and reduced ejection fraction heart failure: from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.03.017 · 2019 · External reference
2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease
10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605 · 2021 · External reference
Smoking cessation reduces the risk of heart failure: a nationwide cohort study
10.1016/j.jchf.2022.07.006 · 2023 · External reference
Cigarette smoking, cessation, and risk of heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction
10.1016/j.jacc.2022.03.377 · 2022 · External reference
Tobacco smoking and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
10.1177/2047487318806658 · 2019 · External reference
Alcohol intake in patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure: consensus and controversy
10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009459 · 2022 · External reference
Severe biventricular cardiomyopathy in both current and former long-term users of anabolic-androgenic steroids
10.1093/eurjpc/zwad362 · 2024 · External reference
Cocaine, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1038/s41598-020-76273-1 · 2020 · External reference
Clinical characteristics, histopathological features, and clinical outcome of methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy
10.1016/j.jchf.2017.02.017 · 2017 · External reference
Final report of a trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control
10.1056/nejmoa1901281 · 2021 · External reference
Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure outcomes and cardiovascular death across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00102-5 · 2024 · External reference
Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02074-8 · 2022 · External reference
Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab777 · 2022 · External reference
Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2025845 · 2020 · External reference
Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2110956 · 2021 · External reference
Finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes with and without heart failure: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the FIDELIO-DKD trial
10.1002/ejhf.2469 · 2022 · External reference
Importance of healthy lifestyle factors and ideal cardiovascular health metrics for risk of heart failure in Chinese adults
10.1093/ije/dyab236 · 2022 · External reference
Cardiovascular disease in anabolic androgenic steroid users
10.1161/circulationaha.124.071117 · 2025 · External reference
Long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use is associated with left ventricular dysfunction
10.1161/circheartfailure.109.931063 · 2010 · External reference
Methamphetamine use and heart failure: prevalence, risk factors, and predictors
10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.001 · 2018 · External reference
Effect of once-weekly exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without heart failure and heart failure-related outcomes: insights from the EXSCEL trial
10.1161/circulationaha.119.041659 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes with or without heart failure
10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.063 · 2020 · External reference
Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease
10.1056/nejmoa2024816 · 2020 · External reference
Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease
10.1056/nejmoa2204233 · 2023 · External reference
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
10.1056/nejmoa1811744 · 2019 · External reference
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176 · 2024 · External reference
2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death
10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262 · 2022 · External reference
Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction and preserved ejection fraction
10.1056/nejmoa2401479 · 2024 · External reference
Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction with normal ejection fraction
10.1056/nejmoa2512686 · 2025 · External reference
ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, in collaboration with the European Renal Association (ERA)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehag098 · 2026 · External reference
Incidence rates of dilated cardiomyopathy in adult first-degree relatives versus matched controls
10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101065 · 2022 · External reference
2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies
10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194 · 2023 · External reference
Heart failure in patients with COPD exacerbations: looking below the tip of the iceberg
10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106800 · 2022 · External reference
Insomnia symptoms and incident heart failure: a population-based cohort study
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab500 · 2021 · External reference
Sleep disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review
10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.048 · 2021 · External reference
Thyroid dysfunction and heart failure: mechanisms and associations
10.1007/s11897-017-0312-5 · 2017 · External reference
Hospitalization trends and health resource use for adult congenital heart disease-related heart failure
10.1161/jaha.118.008775 · 2018 · External reference
Adults with congenital heart disease: trends in event-free survival past middle age
10.1161/circulationaha.122.060834 · 2023 · External reference
Risk of heart failure in congenital heart disease: a nationwide register-based cohort study
10.1161/circulationaha.122.061546 · 2023 · External reference
Atherosclerotic risk factor prevalence in adults with congenital heart disease: a meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101359 · 2024 · External reference
Acquired cardiovascular disease in adults with congenital heart disease
10.1093/eurheartj/ehad570 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiovascular disease risk factors in congenital heart disease survivors are associated with heart failure
10.1038/s41390-024-03352-8 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of enalapril on 12-year survival and life expectancy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a follow-up study
10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13501-5 · 2003 · External reference
Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions
10.1056/nejm199209033271003 · 1992 · External reference
A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study Group
10.1056/nejm199512213332503 · 1995 · External reference
Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators
10.1056/nejm199209033271001 · 1992 · External reference
Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04560-8 · 2001 · External reference
Beta-adrenergic blocking agent use and mortality in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a post hoc analysis of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction
10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00675-5 · 1999 · External reference
Additive beneficial effects of beta-blockers to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) study. SAVE Investigators
10.1016/s0735-1097(96)00489-5 · 1997 · External reference
Metoprolol reverses left ventricular remodeling in patients with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction: the REversal of VEntricular Remodeling with Toprol-XL (REVERT) trial
10.1161/circulationaha.106.666016 · 2007 · External reference
Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
10.1056/nejmoa030207 · 2003 · External reference
Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both
10.1056/nejmoa032292 · 2003 · External reference
Heart failure diagnosis in the general community—who, how and when? A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
10.1002/ejhf.2946 · 2023 · External reference
Performance of BNP and NT-proBNP for diagnosis of heart failure in primary care patients: a systematic review
10.1007/s10741-014-9445-8 · 2014 · External reference
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N-terminal part of the propeptide of BNP immunoassays in chronic and acute heart failure: a systematic review
10.1373/clinchem.2006.075713 · 2007 · External reference
Diagnosing heart failure in primary care: individual patient data meta-analysis of two European prospective studies
10.1002/ehf2.13311 · 2021 · External reference
Amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: analytic considerations
10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.11.013 · 2008 · External reference
B-type natriuretic peptide during treatment with sacubitril/valsartan: the PARADIGM-HF trial
10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.018 · 2019 · External reference
Age-adjusted natriuretic peptide thresholds for a diagnosis of heart failure in the community: diagnostic accuracy study
10.1002/ehf2.15383 · 2025 · External reference
Reference ranges for NT-proBNP (N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and risk factors for higher NT-proBNP concentrations in a large general population cohort
10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009427 · 2022 · External reference
Natriuretic peptide normative levels and deficiency: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
10.1016/j.jchf.2023.07.018 · 2024 · External reference
Age-dependent values of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide are superior to a single cut-point for ruling out suspected systolic dysfunction in primary care
10.1093/eurheartj/ehq163 · 2010 · External reference
Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology practical guidance on the use of natriuretic peptide concentrations
10.1002/ejhf.1494 · 2019 · External reference
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in the Korean general population
10.4070/kcj.2010.40.12.645 · 2010 · External reference
Practical algorithms for early diagnosis of heart failure and heart stress using NT-proBNP: a clinical consensus statement from the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
10.1002/ejhf.3036 · 2023 · External reference
Evidence-based application of natriuretic peptides in the evaluation of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the ambulatory outpatient setting
10.1161/circulationaha.124.072156 · 2025 · External reference
Clinical effect of obesity on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide cut-off concentrations for the diagnosis of acute heart failure
10.1002/ejhf.2618 · 2022 · External reference
How obesity affects the cut-points for B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of acute heart failure. Results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study
10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.011 · 2006 · External reference
Determining kidney function-specific thresholds for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in heart failure risk prediction among patients with chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, observational, cohort study
10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324679 · 2025 · External reference
Natriuretic peptides, kidney function, and clinical outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
10.1016/j.jchf.2024.08.009 · 2025 · External reference
Natriuretic peptide level at heart failure diagnosis and risk of hospitalisation and death in England 2004–2018
10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319196 · 2022 · External reference
KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease
10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018 · 2024 · External reference
Albuminuria is independently associated with cardiac remodeling, abnormal right and left ventricular function, and worse outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
10.1016/j.jchf.2014.05.016 · 2014 · External reference
Albuminuria in chronic heart failure: prevalence and prognostic importance
10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61378-7 · 2009 · External reference
Prognostic value of albuminuria and influence of spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005288 · 2018 · External reference
Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00040-6 · 2015 · External reference
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of current biomarkers in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.acvd.2021.10.007 · 2021 · External reference
An evidence-based screening tool for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFpEF-ABA score
10.1038/s41591-024-03140-1 · 2024 · External reference
How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
10.1002/ejhf.1741 · 2020 · External reference
A simple, evidence-based approach to help guide diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
10.1161/circulationaha.118.034646 · 2018 · External reference
Application of diagnostic algorithms for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction to the community
10.1016/j.jchf.2020.03.013 · 2020 · External reference
Diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among patients with unexplained dyspnea
10.1001/jamacardio.2022.1916 · 2022 · External reference
Validation of heart failure algorithm for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis
10.1002/ehf2.14421 · 2023 · External reference
Exercise testing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an appraisal through diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapy—a clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association and European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology
10.1002/ejhf.2601 · 2022 · External reference
Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy
10.1056/nejm200004133421502 · 2000 · External reference
Percutaneous revascularization for ischemic left ventricular dysfunction
10.1056/nejmoa2206606 · 2022 · External reference
Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
10.1056/nejmoa1100356 · 2011 · External reference
Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
10.1056/nejmoa1602001 · 2016 · External reference
Comparing the diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/MRI for detecting cardiac sarcoidosis: a meta-analysis
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