References

Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group

10.1161/01.cir.82.5.1730 · 1990 · External reference

Serum aldosterone is associated with mortality and re-hospitalization in patients with reduced ejection fraction hospitalized for acute heart failure: analysis from the EVEREST trial

10.1093/eurjhf/hft100 · 2013 · External reference

The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators

10.1056/nejm199909023411001 · 1999 · External reference

Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms

10.1056/nejmoa1009492 · 2011 · External reference

Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction

10.1056/nejmoa030207 · 2003 · External reference

Finerenone in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction

10.1056/nejmoa2407107 · 2024 · External reference

Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes

10.1056/nejmoa2110956 · 2021 · External reference

Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes

10.1056/nejmoa2025845 · 2020 · External reference

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines

10.1161/cir.0000000000001063 · 2022 · External reference

Routine spironolactone in acute myocardial infarction

10.1056/nejmoa2405923 · 2025 · External reference

Low-dose spironolactone and cardiovascular outcomes in moderate stage chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial

10.1038/s41591-024-03263-5 · 2024 · External reference

Effectiveness of spironolactone added to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a loop diuretic for severe chronic congestive heart failure (the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES])

10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00465-1 · 1996 · External reference

Interaction between aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist: findings from the EPHESUS trial

10.1016/j.jchf.2025.02.025 · 2025 · External reference

Localisation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase--tissue specific protector of the mineralocorticoid receptor

10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90742-8 · 1988 · External reference

Mineralocorticoid receptors: distribution and activation

10.1007/s10741-005-2344-2 · 2005 · External reference

Aldosterone and aldosterone modulation in cardio-kidney diseases

10.1016/j.jacc.2025.06.012 · 2025 · External reference

Cloning and tissue distribution of the human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme

10.1016/0303-7207(94)90176-7 · 1994 · External reference

11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess

10.1210/edrv.18.1.0288 · 1997 · External reference

Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease

10.1038/nrn1683 · 2005 · External reference

Brain mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor balance in neuroendocrine regulation and stress-related psychiatric etiopathologies

10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100352 · 2022 · External reference

Crosstalk between glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors boosts glucocorticoid-induced killing of multiple myeloma cells

10.1007/s00018-023-04900-x · 2023 · External reference

The multifaceted role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in cancers

10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106541 · 2024 · External reference

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists cause natriuresis in the absence of aldosterone

10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19159 · 2022 · External reference

Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure

10.1056/nejmoa1005419 · 2011 · External reference

Ultrafiltration in decompensated heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome

10.1056/nejmoa1210357 · 2012 · External reference

Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

10.1056/nejmoa1313731 · 2014 · External reference

Mechanisms of diuretic resistance study: design and rationale

10.1002/ehf2.12949 · 2020 · External reference

Loop diuretic dose intensification versus adjuvant thiazide for diuretic resistance in acute heart failure: mechanistic randomized controlled trial

10.1681/asn.0000000887 · 2026 · External reference

Cardiorenal rescue study in acute decompensated heart failure: rationale and design of CARRESS-HF, for the heart failure clinical research network

10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.12.009 · 2012 · External reference

Loop diuretics in acute decompensated heart failure: necessary? Evil?

10.1161/circheartfailure.108.821785 · 2009 · External reference

In-hospital observation on oral diuretics after treatment for acute decompensated heart failure: evaluating the utility

10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010206 · 2023 · External reference

The use of plasma aldosterone and urinary sodium to potassium ratio as translatable quantitative biomarkers of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism

10.1186/1479-5876-9-180 · 2011 · External reference

Mineralocorticoid effects of 9 alpha-fluorodeoxycorticosterone in adrenalectomized rats

10.3181/00379727-104-25726 · 1960 · External reference

Blocking the renal electrolyte effects of mineralocorticoids with an orally active steroidal spirolactone

10.1210/endo-67-1-125 · 1960 · External reference

Development of a simplified assay for determination of the antimineralocorticoid activity of compounds dosed in rats

10.1016/j.vascn.2008.01.002 · 2008 · External reference

Empagliflozin in heart failure: regional nephron sodium handling effects

10.1681/asn.0000000000000269 · 2024 · External reference

Efficacy and safety of early initiation of eplerenone treatment in patients with acute heart failure (EARLIER trial): a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa132 · 2022 · External reference

Rationale and design of the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial on efficacy of early initiation of eplerenone treatment in patients with acute heart failure (EARLIER)

10.1007/s10557-014-6565-2 · 2015 · External reference

Decongestion strategies and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation in acute heart failure

10.1016/j.jchf.2014.09.003 · 2015 · External reference

Spironolactone metabolites in TOPCAT - new insights into regional variation

10.1056/nejmc1612601 · 2017 · External reference

Are we missing a mineralocorticoid in teleost fish? Effects of cortisol, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone on osmoregulation, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and isoform mRNA levels in Atlantic Salmon

10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.03.024 · 2008 · External reference

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response

10.1210/er.2003-0031 · 2004 · External reference

Reversible cardiac fibrosis and heart failure induced by conditional expression of an antisense mRNA of the mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiomyocytes

10.1073/pnas.102673599 · 2002 · External reference

Unresolved reference

2019 · External reference

Spironolactone versus placebo in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis (ACHIEVE): an international, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial

10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01198-5 · 2025 · External reference

Regional variation in patients and outcomes in the treatment of preserved cardiac function heart failure with an aldosterone antagonist (TOPCAT) trial

10.1161/circulationaha.114.013255 · 2015 · External reference

Behind the scenes of TOPCAT - bending to inform

10.1056/evidctcs2100007 · 2022 · External reference

Smooth muscle mineralocorticoid receptor as an epigenetic regulator of vascular ageing

10.1093/cvr/cvac007 · 2023 · External reference