Research graph
References from Conversational AI increases political knowledge as effectively as self-directed internet search. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.2409.06729
10.48550/arxiv.2409.06729 · 2024 · External reference
Shortcuts versus encyclopedias: information and voting behavior in California insurance reform elections
10.2307/2944882 · 1994 · External reference
Uninformed votes: information effects in presidential elections
10.2307/2111700 · 1996 · External reference
Misinformation and the currency of democratic citizenship
10.1111/0022-3816.00033 · 2000 · External reference
When corrections fail: the persistence of political misperceptions
10.1007/s11109-010-9112-2 · 2010 · External reference
Does counter-attitudinal information cause backlash? Results from three large survey experiments
10.1017/s0007123418000327 · 2020 · External reference
Accelerating dynamics of collective attention
10.1038/s41467-019-09311-w · 2019 · External reference
Exposure to untrustworthy websites in the 2016 US election
10.1038/s41562-020-0833-x · 2020 · External reference
Social media and fake news in the 2016 election
10.1257/jep.31.2.211 · 2017 · External reference
Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization
10.1073/pnas.1804840115 · 2018 · External reference
10.60625/risj-vy6n-4v57
10.60625/risj-vy6n-4v57 · 2024 · External reference
10.14264/00d3c94
10.14264/00d3c94 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
A survey on hallucination in large language models: principles, taxonomy, challenges, and open questions
10.1145/3703155 · 2024 · External reference
Survey of hallucination in natural language generation
10.1145/3571730 · 2023 · External reference
Factuality challenges in the era of large language models and opportunities for fact-checking
10.1038/s42256-024-00881-z · 2024 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.2310.07521
10.48550/arxiv.2310.07521 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.2301.01768
10.48550/arxiv.2301.01768 · 2023 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.2402.16786
10.48550/arxiv.2402.16786 · 2024 · External reference
Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks
2020 · External reference
10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.219
10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.219 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy
10.1038/s41586-024-07421-0 · 2024 · External reference
Evolving health information–seeking behavior in the context of Google AI overviews, ChatGPT, and Alexa: interview study using the think-aloud protocol
10.2196/79961 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Conversational presentation mode increases credibility judgements during information search with ChatGPT
10.1038/s41598-024-67829-6 · 2024 · External reference
LLM-generated messages can persuade humans on policy issues
10.1038/s41467-025-61345-5 · 2025 · External reference
Evaluating the persuasive influence of political microtargeting with large language models
10.1073/pnas.2403116121 · 2024 · External reference
How persuasive is AI-generated propaganda?
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae034 · 2024 · External reference
The levers of political persuasion with conversational artificial intelligence
10.1126/science.aea3884 · 2025 · External reference
Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI
10.1126/science.adq1814 · 2024 · External reference
AI chatbots and political learning
10.1080/19331681.2024.2422929 · 2024 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.2602.23971
10.48550/arxiv.2602.23971 · 2026 · External reference
The search engine manipulation effect (SEME) and its possible impact on the outcomes of elections
10.1073/pnas.1419828112 · 2015 · External reference
Online searches to evaluate misinformation can increase its perceived veracity
10.1038/s41586-023-06883-y · 2024 · External reference
Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google search
10.1038/s41586-023-06078-5 · 2023 · External reference
Current engagement with unreliable sites from web search driven by navigational search
10.1126/sciadv.adn3750 · 2024 · External reference
Internet image search outputs propagate climate change sentiment and impact policy support
10.1038/s41558-024-02178-w · 2025 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.2505.05602
10.48550/arxiv.2505.05602 · 2025 · External reference
Quantifying biases in LLM-as-a-judge evaluations
2026 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.1912.11554
10.48550/arxiv.1912.11554 · External reference
10.48550/arxiv.1111.4246
10.48550/arxiv.1111.4246 · 2011 · External reference
Asymptotic equivalence of Bayes cross validation and widely applicable information criterion in singular learning theory
2010 · External reference
Data and code: conversational AI increases political knowledge as effectively as self-directed internet search
2026 · External reference
