Contact and support
Need help, have a question, or want to contact the ResearchHub team?
© 2026 ResearchHub. Built for responsible scholarly connection.
Research graph
References from Report of the FDA’s expert panel on hormone therapy. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults
10.1111/jgs.18372 · 2023 · External reference
A contemporary view of menopausal hormone therapy
10.1097/aog.0000000000005553 · 2024 · External reference
Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
10.1001/jama.288.3.321 · 2002 · External reference
Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trials
10.1001/jama.2013.278040 · 2013 · External reference
WHI Investigators. Menopausal hormone therapy and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the women’s health initiative randomized trials
10.1001/jama.2017.11217 · 2017 · External reference
The Women’s Health Initiative randomized trials and clinical practice: a review
10.1001/jama.2024.6542 · 2024 · External reference
Vaginal administration of estradiol: effects of dose, preparation and timing on plasma estradiol levels
10.3109/13697137.2014.947254 · 2015 · External reference
Systemic estradiol levels with low-dose vaginal estrogens
10.1097/gme.0000000000001463 · 2020 · External reference
Vaginal estrogen use and chronic disease risk in the Nurses’ Health Study
10.1097/gme.0000000000001284 · 2018 · External reference
Breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular events in participants who used vaginal estrogen in the Women’s Health Initiative observational study
10.1097/gme.0000000000000956 · 2018 · External reference
Recurrent ischemic stroke and vaginal estradiol in women with prior ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study
10.1161/strokeaha.125.050986 · 2025 · External reference
Vaginal estrogen use in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recurrence and mortality risks
10.1016/j.ajog.2024.10.054 · 2025 · External reference
Measuring serum oestrogen levels in breast cancer survivors using vaginal oestrogens: a systematic review
10.1007/s10549-024-07364-0 · 2024 · External reference
Vaginal estrogen therapy use and survival in females with breast cancer
10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4508 · 2024 · External reference
Safety of vaginal estrogen therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause in women with a history of breast cancer
10.1097/aog.0000000000005294 · 2023 · External reference
Safety of vaginal estrogens: a systematic review
10.1097/gme.0000000000001468 · 2020 · External reference
Endometrial safety of low-dose vaginal estrogens
10.1097/gme.0000000000002177 · 2023 · External reference
Why the product labeling for low-dose vaginal estrogen should be changed [editorial]
10.1097/gme.0000000000000316 · 2014 · External reference
Best-practices for the design and development of prescription medication information: a systematic review
10.1016/j.pec.2018.03.012 · 2018 · External reference
Urgent need to revamp the labeling of low-dose vaginal estrogen
2015 · External reference
Current overview of the management of urogenital atrophy in women with breast cancer
10.1111/j.1524-4741.2011.01089.x · 2011 · External reference
Treatment of urogenital symptoms in individuals with a history of estrogen-dependent breast cancer: clinical consensus
10.1097/aog.0000000000004601 · 2021 · External reference
Minimized estradiol absorption with ultra-low-dose 10 ug and 17β estradiol vaginal tablets
10.3109/13697137.2010.483297 · 2010 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics of low-dose vaginal estrogens
2013 · External reference
Estradiol vaginal softgel capsule (TX-004HR) has negligible to very low systemic absorption of estradiol
2017 · External reference
Molecular basis of chemotactile sensation in octopus
10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.008 · 2020 · External reference
The Octopus vulgaris estrogen receptor is a constitutive transcriptional activator: evolutionary and functional implications
10.1210/en.2006-0363 · 2006 · External reference
Ovarian steroids and the capacity to function at home and in the workplace
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb30323.x · 1990 · External reference
Incremental direct and indirect costs of untreated vasomotor symptoms
10.1097/gme.0000000000000320 · 2015 · External reference
WHI Investigators. Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial
10.1001/jama.2011.382 · 2011 · External reference
The mortality toll of estrogen avoidance: an analysis of excess deaths among hysterectomized women aged 50 to 59 years
10.2105/ajph.2013.301295 · 2013 · External reference
The Women’s Health Initiative Estrogen-alone Trial had differential disease and medical expenditure consequences across age groups
10.1097/gme.0000000000001517 · 2020 · External reference
Perimenopause as a neurological transition state
10.1038/nrendo.2015.82 · 2015 · External reference
Estrogen-induced plasticity from cells to circuits: predictions for cognitive function
10.1016/j.tips.2008.12.006 · 2009 · External reference
Dynamic neuroimmune profile during mid-life aging in the female brain and implications for Alzheimer risk
10.1016/j.isci.2020.101829 · 2020 · External reference
A tale of two systems: lessons learned from female mid-life aging with implications for Alzheimer’s prevention & treatment
10.1016/j.arr.2021.101542 · 2022 · External reference
Transitions in metabolic and immune systems from pre-menopause to post-menopause: implications for age-associated neurodegenerative diseases
10.12688/f1000research.21599.1 · 2020 · External reference
White matter lipids as a ketogenic fuel supply in aging female brain: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.002 · 2015 · External reference
Sex-driven modifiers of Alzheimer risk: a multimodality brain imaging study
10.1212/wnl.0000000000009781 · 2020 · External reference
Menopause impacts human brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism, and amyloid-β deposition
10.1038/s41598-021-90084-y · 2021 · External reference
Neurophysiological correlates of subjective cognitive decline in perimenopausal and postmenopausal midlife women at risk for Alzheimer’s disease
10.1097/gme.0000000000002512 · 2025 · External reference
Menopausal hot flashes and white matter hyperintensities
10.1097/gme.0000000000000481 · 2016 · External reference
Sleep characteristics and white matter hyperintensities among midlife women
10.1093/sleep/zsz298 · 2020 · External reference
Menopausal vasomotor symptoms and plasma Alzheimer disease biomarkers
10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.002 · 2024 · External reference
Association between menopausal hormone therapy and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: implications for precision hormone therapy
10.1002/trc2.12174 · 2021 · External reference
Precision hormone therapy: identification of positive responders
10.1080/13697137.2021.1882418 · 2021 · External reference
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
10.3389/fnagi.2023.1260427 · 2023 · External reference
Gender disparities in osteoporosis
10.14740/jocmr2970w · 2017 · External reference
Bone health during the menopause transition and beyond
10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.012 · 2018 · External reference
Global epidemiology of hip fractures: secular trends in incidence rate, post-fracture treatment, and all-cause mortality
10.1002/jbmr.4821 · 2023 · External reference
Risk of mortality following clinical fractures
10.1007/s001980070075 · 2000 · External reference
European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y · 2013 · External reference
Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial
10.1001/jama.290.13.1729 · 2003 · External reference
Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on risk of fractures and BMD in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial
10.1359/jbmr.060312 · 2006 · External reference
Menopausal hormone therapy use among postmenopausal women
10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3128 · 2024 · External reference
Rapid loss of hip fracture protection after estrogen cessation: evidence from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment
10.1097/01.aog.0000114986.14806.37 · 2004 · External reference
Bone response to termination of oestrogen treatment
10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92402-9 · 1978 · External reference
A cost-saving analysis of pharmacologic management in osteoporotic fracture prevention among postmenopausal women
10.1007/s00198-025-07621-y · 2025 · External reference
Effect of transdermal testosterone therapy on mood and cognitive symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: a pilot study
10.1007/s00737-024-01513-6 · 2025 · External reference
Not just sex: other roles for testosterone in women
10.1080/13697137.2024.2445301 · 2025 · External reference
KBASE Research Group. Sex-specific association of sex hormones and gonadotropins, with brain amyloid and hippocampal neurodegeneration
10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.005 · 2017 · External reference
Impact of testosterone on Alzheimer’s disease
10.5534/wjmh.210175 · 2022 · External reference
Mortality trends over five decades in adult transgender people receiving hormone treatment: a report from the Amsterdam cohort of gender dysphoria
10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00185-6 · 2021 · External reference
Transdermal testosterone improves verbal learning and memory in postmenopausal women not on oestrogen therapy
10.1111/cen.12459 · 2014 · External reference
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical manifestation and diagnostic
10.3389/frph.2021.779398 · 2021 · External reference
Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs
10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01054-9 · 2002 · External reference
Antibiotic use in relation to the risk of breast cancer
10.1001/jama.291.7.827 · 2004 · External reference
Update on urinary tract infection antibiotic resistance: a retrospective study in females in conjunction with clinical data
2024 · External reference
Efficacy of vaginal estrogen for recurrent urinary tract infection prevention in hypoestrogenic women
10.1016/j.ajog.2023.05.002 · 2023 · External reference
The AUA/SUFU/AUGS Guideline on genitourinary syndrome of menopause
10.1097/ju.0000000000004589 · 2025 · External reference
The 2020 genitourinary syndrome of menopause position statement of The North American Menopause Society
10.1097/gme.0000000000001609 · 2020 · External reference
A cost savings analysis of topical estrogen therapy in urinary tract infection prevention among postmenopausal women
10.1097/upj.0000000000000513 · 2024 · External reference
Menopause education: needs assessment of American obstetrics and gynecology residents
10.1097/gme.0b013e31828ced7f · 2013 · External reference
Needs assessment of menopause education in United States obstetrics and gynecology residency training programs
10.1097/gme.0000000000002234 · 2023 · External reference
Sexuality and intimacy after gynecological cancer
10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.01.015 · 2010 · External reference
Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and reduction of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: it is about time and timing
10.1097/ppo.0000000000000591 · 2022 · External reference
Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the evidence from randomized trials?
10.1080/13697137.2018.1514008 · 2018 · External reference
Association of menopausal hormone therapy with breast cancer incidence and mortality during long-term follow-up of the women’s health initiative randomized clinical trials
10.1001/jama.2020.9482 · 2020 · External reference
Use of antihypertensive medications and breast cancer risk among women aged 55 to 74 years
10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9071 · 2013 · External reference
Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
10.1001/jama.295.1.74 · 2006 · External reference
Prior hormone therapy and breast cancer risk in the Women’s Health Initiative randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin
10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.05.004 · 2006 · External reference
Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women
2015 · External reference
The timing hypothesis and hormone replacement therapy: a paradigm shift in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women. Part 1: comparison of therapeutic efficacy
10.1111/jgs.12140 · 2013 · External reference
Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial
10.1136/bmj.e6409 · 2012 · External reference
Brief report: coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. a meta-analysis
10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00389.x · 2006 · External reference
Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women: a meta-analysis
10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30281.x · 2004 · External reference
Meta-analysis: effect of hormone-replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women
10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00545.x · 2006 · External reference
The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society
10.1097/gme.0000000000002028 · 2022 · External reference
Menopause and MHT in 2024: addressing the key controversies - an International Menopause Society white paper
10.1080/13697137.2024.2394950 · 2024 · External reference
Updated labeling for menopausal hormone therapy
10.1001/jama.2025.22259 · 2026 · External reference