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References from Review of Current Medical and Surgical Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
AGA clinical practice update on functional gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert review
10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.001 · 2019 · External reference
Disease monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease: evolving principles and possibilities
10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.024 · 2022 · External reference
Outcomes and strategies to support a treat-to-target approach in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz131 · 2020 · External reference
An introduction to biologics and biosimilars. Part I: biologics: what are they and where do they come from?
10.3821/1913-701x-143.3.134 · 2010 · External reference
TNF-mediated inflammatory disease
10.1002/path.2287 · 2008 · External reference
The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in autoimmune disease and current TNF-α inhibitors in therapeutics
10.3390/ijms22052719 · 2021 · External reference
Limited long-term treatment persistence of first anti-TNF therapy in 538 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a 20-year real-world study
10.1111/apt.16478 · 2021 · External reference
Maintenance infliximab for Crohn’s disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08512-4 · 2002 · External reference
Infliximab maintenance therapy for fistulizing Crohn’s disease
10.1056/nejmoa030815 · 2004 · External reference
Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn’s disease
10.1056/nejmoa0904492 · 2010 · External reference
Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa050516 · 2005 · External reference
Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis
10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.052 · 2014 · External reference
Therapeutic drug monitoring of subcutaneous infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease: understanding pharmacokinetics and exposure–response relationships in a new era of subcutaneous biologics
10.3390/jcm11206173 · 2022 · External reference
Clinical pharmacokinetics and use of infliximab
10.2165/00003088-200746080-00002 · 2007 · External reference
Clinical use and mechanisms of infliximab treatment on inflammatory bowel disease: a recent update
10.1155/2013/581631 · 2013 · External reference
When to switch to subcutaneous infliximab? The RE-WATCH multicenter study
10.1093/ibd/izaf172 · 2025 · External reference
Serious adverse events with infliximab: analysis of spontaneously reported adverse events
10.1016/j.cgh.2007.02.016 · 2007 · External reference
Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial
10.1136/gut.2010.221127 · 2011 · External reference
Adalimumab induces and maintains clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
10.1053/j.gastro.2011.10.032 · 2012 · External reference
Human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody (adalimumab) in Crohn’s disease: the CLASSIC-I trial
10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.030 · 2006 · External reference
Adalimumab for maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease: results of the CLASSIC II trial
10.1136/gut.2006.106781 · 2007 · External reference
Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of Crohn’s disease
10.1056/nejmoa067594 · 2007 · External reference
Certolizumab pegol: in Crohn’s disease
10.2165/00063030-200721030-00006 · 2007 · External reference
Lack of placental transfer of certolizumab pegol during pregnancy: results from CRIB, a prospective, postmarketing, pharmacokinetic study
10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212196 · 2018 · External reference
Subcutaneous golimumab induces clinical response and remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.048 · 2014 · External reference
Implementable strategies and exploratory considerations to reduce costs associated with anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
10.1097/01.mib.0000441349.40193.aa · 2014 · External reference
Clinical effectiveness of golimumab in Crohn’s disease: an observational study based on the Swedish National Quality Registry for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SWIBREG)
10.1080/00365521.2018.1519597 · 2018 · External reference
The unfinished symphony: golimumab therapy for anti-tumour necrosis factor refractory Crohn’s disease
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx176 · 2018 · External reference
An overview of the mechanism of action of the monoclonal antibody vedolizumab
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw092 · 2016 · External reference
Natalizumab induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease
10.1056/nejmoa043335 · 2005 · External reference
Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa1215734 · 2013 · External reference
Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease
10.1056/nejmoa1215739 · 2013 · External reference
Effects of vedolizumab induction therapy for patients with Crohn’s disease in whom tumor necrosis factor antagonist treatment failed
10.1053/j.gastro.2014.05.008 · 2014 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous vedolizumab in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease: results from the VISIBLE 2 randomised trial
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab133 · 2022 · External reference
IL-12 and IL-23 pathway inhibition in inflammatory bowel disease
10.1038/s41575-023-00768-1 · 2023 · External reference
Temporally distinct functions of the cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 drive chronic colon inflammation in response to intestinal barrier impairment
10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.008 · 2019 · External reference
Ustekinumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease
10.1056/nejmoa1602773 · 2016 · External reference
Ustekinumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa1900750 · 2019 · External reference
The efficacy and safety of biologic drugs in the treatment of moderate-severe Crohn’s disease: a systematic review
10.3390/ph16111581 · 2023 · External reference
Risankizumab as induction therapy for Crohn’s disease: results from the phase 3 ADVANCE and MOTIVATE induction trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00467-6 · 2022 · External reference
Risankizumab as maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease: results from the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase 3 FORTIFY maintenance trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00466-4 · 2022 · External reference
Risankizumab induction therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: efficacy and safety in the randomized phase 3 INSPIRE study
2023 · External reference
Risankizumab for ulcerative colitis: two randomized clinical trials
10.1001/jama.2024.12414 · 2024 · External reference
Mirikizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa2207940 · 2023 · External reference
Two-year efficacy and safety of mirikizumab following 104 weeks of continuous treatment for ulcerative colitis: results from the LUCENT-3 open-label extension study
10.1093/ibd/izae024 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn’s disease: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, treat-through study
10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01762-8 · 2024 · External reference
The efficacy and safety of guselkumab induction therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from the phase 3 QUASAR induction study
2023 · External reference
The efficacy and safety of guselkumab as maintenance therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from the phase 3 QUASAR maintenance study
2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous guselkumab induction therapy in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease: results through week 48 from the phase 3 GRAVITI study
10.14309/01.ajg.0001033576.85427.3d · 2024 · External reference
Vedolizumab versus adalimumab for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa1905725 · 2019 · External reference
Vedolizumab versus adalimumab for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa1905725 · 2019 · External reference
Ustekinumab versus adalimumab for induction and maintenance therapy in biologic-naive patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3b trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00688-2 · 2022 · External reference
Vedolizumab and anti-tumour necrosis factor α real-world outcomes in biologic-naïve inflammatory bowel disease patients: results from the EVOLVE study
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab058 · 2021 · External reference
Biologics vs small molecules: drug costs and patient access
10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100075 · 2021 · External reference
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic
10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1 · 2021 · External reference
Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa1606910 · 2017 · External reference
Tofacitinib in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: efficacy and safety from clinical trials to real-world experience
10.1177/1756284819848631 · 2019 · External reference
Upadacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from three phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00581-5 · 2022 · External reference
Upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn’s disease
10.1056/nejmoa2212728 · 2023 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of S1P1 receptor modulator drugs for patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
10.3390/jcm12155014 · 2023 · External reference
Ozanimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis
10.1056/nejmoa2033617 · 2021 · External reference
Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (ELEVATE): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00061-2 · 2023 · External reference
Effectiveness and safety of advanced combination treatment in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease or concomitant immune-mediated disease or extraintestinal manifestations: a multicenter Canadian study
10.14309/ajg.0000000000003573 · 2026 · External reference
Dual biologic therapy induces remission in refractory Crohn’s disease with vedolizumab and ustekinumab
10.1093/crocol/otae080 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of dual biologic therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a review of the literature
2021 · External reference
Current evidence for combined targeted therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
10.1093/jcag/gwad032 · 2023 · External reference
Guselkumab plus golimumab combination therapy versus guselkumab or golimumab monotherapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (VEGA): a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 2, proof-of-concept trial
10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00427-7 · 2023 · External reference
Dual-targeted therapy with upadacitinib and ustekinumab in medically complex Crohn’s disease
10.1007/s10620-023-08182-y · 2024 · External reference
Safety and tolerability of concurrent natalizumab treatment for patients with Crohn’s disease not in remission while receiving infliximab
10.1002/ibd.20014 · 2007 · External reference
Vedolizumab, adalimumab, and methotrexate combination therapy in Crohn’s disease (EXPLORER)
10.1016/j.cgh.2023.09.010 · 2024 · External reference
The role of laparoscopic, robotic, and open surgery in uncomplicated and complicated inflammatory bowel disease
10.1016/j.giec.2019.02.012 · 2019 · External reference
Rates of intestinal resection and colectomy in inflammatory bowel disease patients after initiation of biologics: a cohort study
10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.008 · 2022 · External reference
Early ileocecal resection for Crohn’s disease is associated with improved long-term outcomes compared with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: a population-based cohort study
10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.051 · 2023 · External reference
Restorative proctocolectomy: an example of how surgery evolves in response to paradigm shifts in care
10.1111/codi.13699 · 2017 · External reference
Effect of resection margins on the recurrence of Crohn’s disease in the small bowel. A randomized controlled trial
10.1097/00000658-199610000-00014 · 1996 · External reference
Inclusion of the mesentery in ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease is associated with reduced surgical recurrence
10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx187 · 2018 · External reference
Effect of mesenteric sparing or extended resection in primary ileocolic resection for Crohn’s disease on postoperative endoscopic recurrence (SPICY): an international, randomised controlled trial
10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00097-9 · 2024 · External reference
Novel antimesenteric functional end-to-end handsewn (Kono-S) anastomoses for Crohn’s disease: a report of surgical procedure and short-term outcomes
10.1159/000371857 · 2015 · External reference
Kono-S anastomosis for surgical prophylaxis of anastomotic recurrence in crohn’s disease: an international multicenter study
10.1007/s11605-015-3061-3 · 2016 · External reference
Surgical recurrence at anastomotic site after bowel resection in Crohn’s disease: comparison of Kono-S and end-to-end anastomosis
10.1007/s11605-018-4012-6 · 2019 · External reference
Recurrence of Crohn’s disease after ileocolic resection is not affected by anastomotic type: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
10.1007/dcr.0b013e3181a4fa58 · 2009 · External reference
Strictureplasty in complex Crohn’s disease: beyond the basics
10.1055/s-0039-1683905 · 2019 · External reference
Crohn’s disease of the esophagus, duodenum, and stomach
10.1055/s-0039-1683850 · 2019 · External reference
Restorative pouch surgery following proctocolectomy for inflammatory bowel disease: past experience and future direction
10.21037/tgh-23-28 · 2023 · External reference
Proctocolectomy without ileostomy for ulcerative colitis
10.1136/bmj.2.6130.85 · 1978 · External reference
The pouch corner: perianal fistulas and ileal pouches: examining fistulas before and after pouch creation
10.1093/ibd/izae205 · 2025 · External reference
Three-step ileal pouch surgery: why is it worth it?
2020 · External reference
Fertility is reduced after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis: a study of 300 patients
10.1016/j.surg.2004.06.018 · 2004 · External reference
Thoughtful ileostomy creation in patients undergoing redo IPAA
10.1097/dcr.0000000000001535 · 2020 · External reference
Transabdominal redo ileal pouch surgery for failed restorative proctocolectomy: lessons learned over 500 patients
10.1097/sla.0000000000001386 · 2015 · External reference
Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy and breastfeeding
10.1038/s41575-023-00758-3 · 2023 · External reference