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References from World Gastroenterology Organisation Practice Guidelines. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study
10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00197-8 · 2023 · External reference
High rates of hepatitis B vertical transmission in Kiribati: a warning sign for meeting 2030 WHO elimination targets in the Pacific Islands?
2025 · External reference
Hepatitis B virus biology and life cycle
10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104925 · 2020 · External reference
A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance of Hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes
10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102180 · 2023 · External reference
Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection
10.1038/s41577-021-00549-4 · 2022 · External reference
Interpretation of HBV serologies
10.1016/j.cld.2021.06.012 · 2021 · External reference
Point-of-care testing for hepatitis viruses: a growing need
2023 · External reference
Clinical utility of HBV surface antigen quantification in HBV e antigen-negative chronic HBV infection
10.1038/s41575-019-0197-8 · 2019 · External reference
New and old biomarkers for diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.037 · 2019 · External reference
Isolated anti-HBc: the relevance of hepatitis B core antibody-a review of new issues
10.1038/ajg.2017.397 · 2017 · External reference
Is there a need for universal double reflex testing of HBsAg-positive individuals for hepatitis D infection?
10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.300 · 2024 · External reference
Hepatitis D virus Infection
10.1056/nejmra2212151 · 2023 · External reference
Management of occupational exposures to blood-borne viruses
10.1056/nejm199502163320707 · 1995 · External reference
High environmental stability of hepatitis B virus and inactivation requirements for chemical biocides
10.1093/infdis/jiy620 · 2019 · External reference
Timing of the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in preterm infants
2022 · External reference
Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper, July 2017—recommendations
10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.046 · 2019 · External reference
Long-term impact of infant immunization on hepatitis B prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.2471/blt.17.205153 · 2018 · External reference
Hepatitis B vaccine stored outside the cold chain setting: a pilot study in rural Lao PDR
10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.080 · 2016 · External reference
Safety of vaccines that have been kept outside of recommended temperatures: reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2008-2012
10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.083 · 2018 · External reference
Management approaches to hepatitis B virus vaccination nonresponse
2019 · External reference
Uptake and safety of hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study
10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.074 · 2018 · External reference
Hepatitis B vaccination of preterm infants and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a cohort study, Australia
10.2471/blt.24.291683 · 2025 · External reference
Updated U.S. Public Health Service guideline for testing of transplant candidates aged <12 years for infection with HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus—United States, 2022
10.15585/mmwr.mm7126a2 · 2022 · External reference
Hepatitis B
10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01468-4 · 2023 · External reference
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and fibrosis-4 index for detecting liver fibrosis in adult patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systemic review and meta-analysis
10.1002/hep.27382 · 2015 · External reference
Optimisation of the use of APRI and FIB-4 to rule out cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: results from the SONIC-B study
10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30087-1 · 2019 · External reference
FibroScan’s evolution: a critical 20-year review
10.1007/s40477-024-00971-z · 2025 · External reference
Staging liver fibrosis and cirrhosis using non-invasive tests in people with chronic hepatitis B to inform WHO 2024 guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00437-0 · 2025 · External reference
AASLD practice guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis
10.1097/hep.0000000000000647 · 2024 · External reference
Performance of enhanced liver fibrosis test and comparison with transient elastography in the identification of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
10.1111/jvh.12161 · 2014 · External reference
Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis
10.1056/nejmra2403308 · 2025 · External reference
Liver cirrhosis
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01374-x · 2021 · External reference
Systematic review with meta-analysis: the proportion of chronic hepatitis B patients with normal alanine transaminase ≤ 40 IU/L and significant hepatic fibrosis
10.1111/apt.12590 · 2014 · External reference
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31865-8 · 2018 · External reference
Thrombocytopenia and hemostatic changes in acute and chronic liver disease: pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory features, and management
10.3390/jcm10071530 · 2021 · External reference
Use of liver imaging and biopsy in clinical practice
10.1056/nejmra1610570 · 2017 · External reference
Prediction of liver cirrhosis, using diagnostic imaging tools
10.4254/wjh.v7.i17.2069 · 2015 · External reference
AASLD ISDA practice guideline on treatment of chronic hepatitis B
10.1097/hep.0000000000001549 · 2026 · External reference
Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B): development and validation of a predictive score
10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70077-8 · 2011 · External reference
Chronic hepatitis B: virology, natural history, current management and a glimpse at future opportunities
10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.06.008 · 2015 · External reference
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients: a retrospective cohort study
10.3389/fphys.2024.1347459 · 2024 · External reference
Chronic hepatitis B and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: metabolic risk factors are key drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37990 · 2024 · External reference
Etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Latin America: a prospective, multicenter, international study
10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31681-3 · 2010 · External reference
Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: current challenges in Latin America
10.1016/j.aohep.2025.101935 · 2025 · External reference
Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: New trends
10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.025 · 2020 · External reference
Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update
10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.017 · 2023 · External reference
Global epidemiology and genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.033 · 2023 · External reference
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and solutions
10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00042-5 · 2022 · External reference
EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection
10.1016/j.jhep.2025.03.018 · 2025 · External reference
Surveillance imaging and alpha fetoprotein for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis
10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.064 · 2018 · External reference
Surveillance failure in ultrasound for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323615 · 2022 · External reference
Dynamic changes in ultrasound quality for hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with cirrhosis
10.1016/j.cgh.2021.06.012 · 2022 · External reference
Abbreviated MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma screening and surveillance
10.1148/rg.2020200104 · 2020 · External reference
Risk-stratified hepatocellular carcinoma screening according to the degree of obesity and progression to cirrhosis for diabetic patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in Japan: a cost-effectiveness study
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080549 · 2024 · External reference
A new hepatitis B elimination strategy for remote populations is needed
2024 · External reference
Risk of hepatitis B transmission by healthcare workers—a systematic review
2025 · External reference
AGA clinical practice guideline on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation in at-risk individuals
10.1053/j.gastro.2024.11.008 · 2025 · External reference
Hepatitis B: treatment choice and monitoring for response and resistance
10.1586/17474124.2016.1145547 · 2016 · External reference
Developments in pharmacotherapeutic agents for hepatitis B—how close are we to a functional cure?
10.1080/14656566.2023.2211259 · 2023 · External reference
Current status of drug therapy for chronic hepatitis B
10.3748/wjg.v31.i2.99443 · 2025 · External reference
Past, present, and future of long-term treatment for hepatitis B virus
10.3748/wjg.v29.i25.3964 · 2023 · External reference
Current trend in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B
10.3390/v14020434 · 2022 · External reference
Adherence to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapies for chronic hepatitis B infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1002/hep4.1247 · 2018 · External reference
Promoting antiviral access and adherence in the expansion of hepatitis B prevention programs: insights from the democratic republic of Congo
10.1093/jpids/piae081 · 2024 · External reference
Serum alanine aminotransferase flares in chronic hepatitis B infection: the good and the bad
10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30344-9 · 2020 · External reference
Pegylated interferon-α-induced functional cure for special populations with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: current trends, challenges and prospection
10.2147/dddt.s564254 · 2025 · External reference
Hepatitis D: a review
10.1001/jama.2023.23242 · 2023 · External reference
Screening and testing for hepatitis B virus infection: CDC recommendations—United States, 2023
10.15585/mmwr.rr7201a1 · 2023 · External reference
Accuracy of HBeAg to identify pregnant women at risk of transmitting hepatitis B virus to their neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30593-4 · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of continuous antiviral therapy from preconception to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus
10.1038/s41598-020-70644-4 · 2020 · External reference
Virologic factors associated with failure to passive-active immunoprophylaxis in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers
10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01492.x · 2012 · External reference
Risk of vertical transmission of hepatitis B after amniocentesis in HBs antigen-positive mothers
10.1016/j.jhep.2013.11.008 · 2014 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30586-7 · 2021 · External reference
Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for preventing vertical transmission in chronic hepatitis B mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1093/cid/ciae288 · 2024 · External reference
Telbivudine or lamivudine use in late pregnancy safely reduces perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in real-life practice
10.1002/hep.27034 · 2014 · External reference
Telbivudine prevents vertical transmission from HBeAg-positive women with chronic hepatitis B
10.1016/j.cgh.2012.01.019 · 2012 · External reference
Lamivudine therapy during the second vs the third trimester for preventing transmission of chronic hepatitis B
10.1111/jvh.12640 · 2017 · External reference
Long-term safety of infants from mothers with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir disoproxil in China
10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322719 · 2022 · External reference
Breastfeeding of newborns by mothers carrying hepatitis B virus: a meta-analysis and systematic review
10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.72 · 2011 · External reference
Postpartum hepatitis flares in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection
10.1093/gastro/goae091 · 2024 · External reference
Tenofovir to prevent hepatitis B transmission in mothers with high viral load
10.1056/nejmoa1508660 · 2016 · External reference
Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1 · 2018 · External reference
Age at treatment initiation predicts response in children with chronic hepatitis B
10.1111/apt.17667 · 2023 · External reference
Clinical predictors of functional cure in children 1-6 years-old with chronic hepatitis B
10.14218/jcth.2021.00142 · 2022 · External reference