Research graph
References from Gut microbial metabolism of immunosuppressive drugs: from metagenomic associations to functional enzyme biomarkers. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes
10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3 · 2019 · External reference
Gut microbiome interactions with drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity
10.1016/j.trsl.2016.08.002 · 2017 · External reference
Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in solid organ transplantation
10.2165/00003088-200443100-00001 · 2004 · External reference
State of art of dose individualization to support tacrolimus drug monitoring: what's next?
10.3389/ti.2025.14201 · 2025 · External reference
Tacrolimus-why pharmacokinetics matter in the clinic
10.3389/frtra.2023.1160752 · 2023 · External reference
Characterizing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressant medicines and patient outcomes in elderly renal transplant patients
10.21037/tau.2018.10.16 · 2019 · External reference
The Human Microbiome Project, personalized medicine and the birth of pharmacomicrobiomics
10.2174/187569210792246326 · 2010 · External reference
Pharmacogenomics of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters: relevance to precision medicine
10.1016/j.gpb.2016.03.008 · 2016 · External reference
Hepatic disease and drug pharmacokinetics
10.2165/00003088-198005060-00002 · 1980 · External reference
Recent advances in understanding hepatic drug transport
10.12688/f1000research.9466.1 · 2016 · External reference
Population pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in transplant recipients
10.1208/s12248-013-9500-8 · 2013 · External reference
Impact of tacrolimus intra-patient variability in adverse outcomes after organ transplantation
10.5500/wjt.v13.i5.254 · 2023 · External reference
Microbes and medicines: interrelationships between pharmaceuticals and the gut microbiome
10.1080/19490976.2025.2604867 · 2026 · External reference
The vocabulary of microbiome research: a proposal
10.1186/s40168-015-0094-5 · 2015 · External reference
Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions
10.1126/science.1223813 · 2012 · External reference
Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components
10.1007/s00394-017-1445-8 · 2018 · External reference
Review: mechanisms of how the intestinal microbiota alters the effects of drugs and bile acids
10.1124/dmd.115.065698 · 2015 · External reference
The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism
10.1038/nrmicro.2016.17 · 2016 · External reference
Metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics approaches for microbiome analysis
2016 · External reference
Species-level functional profiling of metagenomes and metatranscriptomes
10.1038/s41592-018-0176-y · 2018 · External reference
Metabolic reconstruction for metagenomic data and its application to the human microbiome
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002358 · 2012 · External reference
Genome-resolved metatranscriptomics unveils distinct microbial functionalities across aggregate sizes in aerobic granular sludge
10.1016/j.ese.2025.100560 · 2025 · External reference
Pharmacomicrobiomics - another frontier of precision medicine
10.4103/ijp.ijp_646_24 · 2024 · External reference
Interview with Prof. Ramy K. Aziz, Cairo University. The Dawn of Pharmacomicrobiomics
10.1089/omi.2018.0041 · 2018 · External reference
Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota
10.1126/science.aag2770 · 2017 · External reference
The impact of the gut microbiota on drug metabolism and clinical outcome
2016 · External reference
Role of the gut microbiome in shaping drug response in immunocompromised hosts
10.1016/j.cmi.2026.02.026 · 2026 · External reference
β-glucuronidase at the microbiota-host interface: dual regulatory roles and precision modulation by natural products
10.3390/molecules31040601 · 2026 · External reference
Host-gut microbial metabolic profiles and enzymatic targets of common organic compounds
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119838 · 2026 · External reference
Gut microbiota in the regulation of intestinal drug transporters: molecular mechanisms and pharmacokinetic implications
10.3390/ijms262411897 · 2025 · External reference
Gut microbiota trigger host liver immune responses that affect drug-metabolising enzymes
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1511229 · 2024 · External reference
Gut microbiota associations with common diseases and prescription medications in a population-based cohort
10.1038/s41467-018-05184-7 · 2018 · External reference
Microbial modulation of digoxin bioavailability: a pharmacomicrobiome perspective on Eggerthella lenta's role in steroid-like drug metabolism and precision therapeutics
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106792 · 2025 · External reference
Mechanistic insight into digoxin inactivation by Eggerthella lenta augments our understanding of its pharmacokinetics
10.4161/gmic.27915 · 2014 · External reference
Alleviating cancer drug toxicity by inhibiting a bacterial enzyme
10.1126/science.1191175 · 2010 · External reference
Pharmacomicrobiomics: immunosuppressive drugs and microbiome interactions in transplantation
10.1097/tp.0000000000004926 · 2024 · External reference
Commensal gut bacteria convert the immunosuppressant tacrolimus to less potent metabolites
10.1124/dmd.118.084772 · 2019 · External reference
Mycophenolate mofetil: an update on its mechanism of action and effect on lymphoid tissue
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1463429 · 2024 · External reference
Mycophenolate mofetil and its mechanisms of action
10.1016/s0162-3109(00)00188-0 · 2000 · External reference
PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway
10.1097/fpc.0000000000000010 · 2014 · External reference
Microbiome-informed dosing: exploring gut microbial communities impact on mycophenolate enterohepatic circulation and therapeutic target achievement
10.1002/cpt.3740 · 2025 · External reference
A mycophenolate pharmacokinetic study with new insights into enterohepatic recirculation in kidney transplant recipients
10.1007/s40262-025-01611-3 · 2026 · External reference
Enteric reabsorption processes and their impact on drug pharmacokinetics
10.1038/s41598-021-85174-w · 2021 · External reference
Microbiome-derived reactivation of mycophenolate explains variations in enterohepatic recirculation in kidney transplant recipients
10.1186/s40168-025-02142-6 · 2025 · External reference
Identification of a pharmacologically active metabolite of mycophenolic acid in plasma of transplant recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil
10.1093/clinchem/45.3.419 · 1999 · External reference
Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms involved in the isofraxidin glucuronidation and assessment of the species differences of the reaction
10.1016/j.fitote.2016.11.017 · 2017 · External reference
The influence of UGT polymorphisms as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation
10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.031 · 2012 · External reference
Effect of mycophenolic acid glucuronide on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity
10.1097/00007691-199706000-00018 · 1997 · External reference
A randomized double-blind, multicenter plasma concentration controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection after kidney transplantation
10.1097/00007890-199907270-00018 · 1999 · External reference
The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplantation
10.1016/s0009-9236(98)90058-3 · 1998 · External reference
Pharmacokinetic and metabolic investigations of mycophenolic acid in pediatric patients after renal transplantation: implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. German Study Group on Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients
10.1097/00007691-200002000-00004 · 2000 · External reference
Early adequate mycophenolic acid exposure is associated with less rejection in kidney transplantation
10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00455.x · 2004 · External reference
The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for total and free mycophenolic Acid in pediatric renal transplant recipients: a report of the German study group on mycophenolate mofetil therapy
10.1681/asn.v133759 · 2002 · External reference
Mycophenolic acid concentrations are associated with cardiac allograft rejection
10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00191-1 · 2000 · External reference
Infectious complications in renal transplant recipients
10.1053/j.ackd.2006.04.008 · 2006 · External reference
Prophylactic oral ganciclovir compared with deferred therapy for control of cytomegalovirus in renal transplant recipients
10.1097/00007890-199712270-00036 · 1997 · External reference
Alteration of the gut microbiome in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy: impacts on the profile of short-chain fatty acids in a mouse model
10.1186/s40360-021-00536-4 · 2021 · External reference
Gut microbiota biotransformation of drug glucuronides leading to gastrointestinal toxicity: Therapeutic potential of bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibition in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy
10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122792 · 2024 · External reference
β-glucuronidase pattern predicted from gut metagenomes indicates potentially diversified pharmacomicrobiomics
10.3389/fmicb.2022.826994 · 2022 · External reference
Metagenomics combined with activity-based proteomics point to gut bacterial enzymes that reactivate mycophenolate
10.1080/19490976.2022.2107289 · 2022 · External reference
Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications
10.1093/femsre/fuad039 · 2023 · External reference
An atlas of β-glucuronidases in the human intestinal microbiome
10.1016/j.str.2017.05.003 · 2017 · External reference
Functional diversity of family 3 β-glucosidases from thermophilic cellulolytic fungus Humicola insolens Y1
10.1038/srep27062 · 2016 · External reference
β-glucuronidase pattern predicted from gut metagenomes indicates potentially diversified pharmacomicrobiomics
10.3389/fmicb.2022.826994 · 2022 · External reference
Gut microbial β-glucuronidases influence endobiotic homeostasis and are modulated by diverse therapeutics
10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.018 · 2024 · External reference
A comprehensive review of the impact of tacrolimus intrapatient variability on clinical outcomes in kidney transplantation
10.1111/ajt.16002 · 2020 · External reference
Impacts of high intra- and inter-individual variability in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and fast tacrolimus metabolism on outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients
10.3390/jcm9072193 · 2020 · External reference
Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus-personalized therapy: second consensus report
10.1097/ftd.0000000000000640 · 2019 · External reference
Variability in tacrolimus blood levels increases the risk of late rejection and graft loss after solid organ transplantation in older children
10.1111/j.1399-3046.2010.01409.x · 2010 · External reference
High intrapatient tacrolimus variability is associated with worse outcomes in renal transplantation using a low-dose tacrolimus immunosuppressive regime
10.1097/tp.0000000000001129 · 2017 · External reference
High within-patient variability in the clearance of tacrolimus is a risk factor for poor long-term outcome after kidney transplantation
10.1093/ndt/gfq096 · 2010 · External reference
Tacrolimus intrapatient variability in solid organ transplantation: a multiorgan perspective
10.1002/phar.2480 · 2021 · External reference
A high intrapatient variability in tacrolimus exposure is associated with poor long-term outcome of kidney transplantation
10.1111/tri.12798 · 2016 · External reference
High intrapatient variability of tacrolimus concentrations predicts accelerated progression of chronic histologic lesions in renal recipients
10.1111/ajt.13803 · 2016 · External reference
Intra-patient variability in tacrolimus trough concentrations and renal function decline in pediatric renal transplant recipients
10.1111/j.1399-3046.2012.01727.x · 2012 · External reference
Pharmacogenetic biomarkers predictive of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs
10.1097/ftd.0000000000000255 · 2016 · External reference
Tacrolimus concentration is effectively predicted using combined clinical and genetic factors in the perioperative period of kidney transplantation and associated with acute rejection
10.1155/2022/3129389 · 2022 · External reference
Gut microbiome modulates tacrolimus pharmacokinetics through the transcriptional regulation of ABCB1
10.1186/s40168-023-01578-y · 2023 · External reference
Gut microbiota and metabolite changes induced by tacrolimus: implications for skin transplant immunology in mice
10.2147/jir.s539452 · 2025 · External reference
Commensal gut bacteria convert the immunosuppressant tacrolimus to less potent metabolites
10.1124/dmd.118.084772 · 2019 · External reference
Influence of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients: insights from microbiome analysis
10.3389/fmicb.2025.1616985 · 2025 · External reference
Urinary microRNA expression and tacrolimus pharmacokinetic variability in kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study
10.1007/s40261-026-01544-0 · 2026 · External reference
Vascular microRNA-204 is remotely governed by the microbiome and impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by downregulating Sirtuin1
10.1038/ncomms12565 · 2016 · External reference
Gut microbiota and tacrolimus dosing in kidney transplantation
10.1371/journal.pone.0122399 · 2015 · External reference
Tacrolimus pharmacokinetics is associated with gut microbiota diversity in kidney transplant patients: results from a pilot cross-sectional study
10.1002/cpt.3077 · 2024 · External reference
Associations between the gut microbiota and the metabolism rate of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients during the early posttransplant period
10.1007/s12272-025-01549-x · 2025 · External reference
Mechanisms and clinical implications of human gut microbiota-drug interactions in the precision medicine era
10.3390/biomedicines12010194 · 2024 · External reference
Enzymatic regulation of the gut microbiota: mechanisms and implications for host health
10.3390/biom14121638 · 2024 · External reference
Mechanisms and implications of the gut microbial modulation of intestinal metabolic processes
10.1038/s44324-025-00066-1 · 2025 · External reference
Metatranscriptome of human faecal microbial communities in a cohort of adult men
10.1038/s41564-017-0084-4 · 2018 · External reference
Metatranscriptomic approach to analyze the functional human gut microbiota
10.1371/journal.pone.0017447 · 2011 · External reference
High-throughput stool metaproteomics: method and application to human specimens
2020 · External reference
Activity-based protein profiling in bacteria: applications for identification of therapeutic targets and characterization of microbial communities
10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.10.007 · 2020 · External reference
Activity-based protein profiling identifies alternating activation of enzymes involved in the bifidobacterium shunt pathway or mucin degradation in the gut microbiome response to soluble dietary fiber
10.1038/s41522-022-00313-z · 2022 · External reference
Application of activity-based protein profiling to study enzyme function in adipocytes
10.1016/b978-0-12-800280-3.00009-8 · 2014 · External reference
Gut microbiota and metabolites related intra-patient variability of tacrolimus pharmacokinetics predicted adverse one-year outcomes following kidney transplantation
10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115506 · 2025 · External reference
The gut microbiome in solid-organ and haematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation
10.1038/s41579-025-01271-x · 2026 · External reference
Beyond conventional therapies: gut microbiota modulation and macromolecular drugs in the battle against cardiometabolic diseases
10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101416 · 2026 · External reference
Immunosuppressant imprecision: multidirectional effects on metabolism and microbiome
10.1128/cmr.00178-24 · 2025 · External reference
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of tacrolimus for food-drug and CYP3A drug-drug-gene interaction predictions
10.1002/psp4.12946 · 2023 · External reference
Tacrolimus pharmacokinetics is associated with gut microbiota diversity in kidney transplant patients: results from a pilot cross-sectional study
10.1002/cpt.3077 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Microbiome-informed dosing: exploring gut microbial communities impact on mycophenolate enterohepatic circulation and therapeutic target achievement
10.1002/cpt.3740 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tacrolimus intrapatient variability in solid organ transplantation: a multiorgan perspective
10.1002/phar.2480 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of tacrolimus for food-drug and CYP3A drug-drug-gene interaction predictions
10.1002/psp4.12946 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components
10.1007/s00394-017-1445-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Associations between the gut microbiota and the metabolism rate of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients during the early posttransplant period
10.1007/s12272-025-01549-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Urinary microRNA expression and tacrolimus pharmacokinetic variability in kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional study
10.1007/s40261-026-01544-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A mycophenolate pharmacokinetic study with new insights into enterohepatic recirculation in kidney transplant recipients
10.1007/s40262-025-01611-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Application of activity-based protein profiling to study enzyme function in adipocytes
10.1016/b978-0-12-800280-3.00009-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Activity-based protein profiling in bacteria: applications for identification of therapeutic targets and characterization of microbial communities
10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.10.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The influence of UGT polymorphisms as biomarkers in solid organ transplantation
10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.031 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbial β-glucuronidases influence endobiotic homeostasis and are modulated by diverse therapeutics
10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Role of the gut microbiome in shaping drug response in immunocompromised hosts
10.1016/j.cmi.2026.02.026 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Host-gut microbial metabolic profiles and enzymatic targets of common organic compounds
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119838 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Genome-resolved metatranscriptomics unveils distinct microbial functionalities across aggregate sizes in aerobic granular sludge
10.1016/j.ese.2025.100560 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms involved in the isofraxidin glucuronidation and assessment of the species differences of the reaction
10.1016/j.fitote.2016.11.017 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacogenomics of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters: relevance to precision medicine
10.1016/j.gpb.2016.03.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota and metabolites related intra-patient variability of tacrolimus pharmacokinetics predicted adverse one-year outcomes following kidney transplantation
10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115506 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Beyond conventional therapies: gut microbiota modulation and macromolecular drugs in the battle against cardiometabolic diseases
10.1016/j.jpha.2025.101416 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Microbial modulation of digoxin bioavailability: a pharmacomicrobiome perspective on Eggerthella lenta's role in steroid-like drug metabolism and precision therapeutics
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106792 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota biotransformation of drug glucuronides leading to gastrointestinal toxicity: Therapeutic potential of bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibition in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy
10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122792 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An atlas of β-glucuronidases in the human intestinal microbiome
10.1016/j.str.2017.05.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiome interactions with drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity
10.1016/j.trsl.2016.08.002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplantation
10.1016/s0009-9236(98)90058-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mycophenolate mofetil and its mechanisms of action
10.1016/s0162-3109(00)00188-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mycophenolic acid concentrations are associated with cardiac allograft rejection
10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00191-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Vascular microRNA-204 is remotely governed by the microbiome and impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by downregulating Sirtuin1
10.1038/ncomms12565 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism
10.1038/nrmicro.2016.17 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota associations with common diseases and prescription medications in a population-based cohort
10.1038/s41467-018-05184-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Activity-based protein profiling identifies alternating activation of enzymes involved in the bifidobacterium shunt pathway or mucin degradation in the gut microbiome response to soluble dietary fiber
10.1038/s41522-022-00313-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Metatranscriptome of human faecal microbial communities in a cohort of adult men
10.1038/s41564-017-0084-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The gut microbiome in solid-organ and haematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation
10.1038/s41579-025-01271-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes
10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Species-level functional profiling of metagenomes and metatranscriptomes
10.1038/s41592-018-0176-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enteric reabsorption processes and their impact on drug pharmacokinetics
10.1038/s41598-021-85174-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mechanisms and implications of the gut microbial modulation of intestinal metabolic processes
10.1038/s44324-025-00066-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Functional diversity of family 3 β-glucosidases from thermophilic cellulolytic fungus Humicola insolens Y1
10.1038/srep27062 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Infectious complications in renal transplant recipients
10.1053/j.ackd.2006.04.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Metagenomics combined with activity-based proteomics point to gut bacterial enzymes that reactivate mycophenolate
10.1080/19490976.2022.2107289 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Microbes and medicines: interrelationships between pharmaceuticals and the gut microbiome
10.1080/19490976.2025.2604867 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Interview with Prof. Ramy K. Aziz, Cairo University. The Dawn of Pharmacomicrobiomics
10.1089/omi.2018.0041 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Identification of a pharmacologically active metabolite of mycophenolic acid in plasma of transplant recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil
10.1093/clinchem/45.3.419 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications
10.1093/femsre/fuad039 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
High within-patient variability in the clearance of tacrolimus is a risk factor for poor long-term outcome after kidney transplantation
10.1093/ndt/gfq096 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of mycophenolic acid glucuronide on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity
10.1097/00007691-199706000-00018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacokinetic and metabolic investigations of mycophenolic acid in pediatric patients after renal transplantation: implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. German Study Group on Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients
10.1097/00007691-200002000-00004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Prophylactic oral ganciclovir compared with deferred therapy for control of cytomegalovirus in renal transplant recipients
10.1097/00007890-199712270-00036 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A randomized double-blind, multicenter plasma concentration controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection after kidney transplantation
10.1097/00007890-199907270-00018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway
10.1097/fpc.0000000000000010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacogenetic biomarkers predictive of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs
10.1097/ftd.0000000000000255 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus-personalized therapy: second consensus report
10.1097/ftd.0000000000000640 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
High intrapatient tacrolimus variability is associated with worse outcomes in renal transplantation using a low-dose tacrolimus immunosuppressive regime
10.1097/tp.0000000000001129 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacomicrobiomics: immunosuppressive drugs and microbiome interactions in transplantation
10.1097/tp.0000000000004926 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
High intrapatient variability of tacrolimus concentrations predicts accelerated progression of chronic histologic lesions in renal recipients
10.1111/ajt.13803 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A comprehensive review of the impact of tacrolimus intrapatient variability on clinical outcomes in kidney transplantation
10.1111/ajt.16002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Variability in tacrolimus blood levels increases the risk of late rejection and graft loss after solid organ transplantation in older children
10.1111/j.1399-3046.2010.01409.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intra-patient variability in tacrolimus trough concentrations and renal function decline in pediatric renal transplant recipients
10.1111/j.1399-3046.2012.01727.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early adequate mycophenolic acid exposure is associated with less rejection in kidney transplantation
10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00455.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A high intrapatient variability in tacrolimus exposure is associated with poor long-term outcome of kidney transplantation
10.1111/tri.12798 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Review: mechanisms of how the intestinal microbiota alters the effects of drugs and bile acids
10.1124/dmd.115.065698 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Commensal gut bacteria convert the immunosuppressant tacrolimus to less potent metabolites
10.1124/dmd.118.084772 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Alleviating cancer drug toxicity by inhibiting a bacterial enzyme
10.1126/science.1191175 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions
10.1126/science.1223813 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota
10.1126/science.aag2770 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immunosuppressant imprecision: multidirectional effects on metabolism and microbiome
10.1128/cmr.00178-24 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tacrolimus concentration is effectively predicted using combined clinical and genetic factors in the perioperative period of kidney transplantation and associated with acute rejection
10.1155/2022/3129389 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The vocabulary of microbiome research: a proposal
10.1186/s40168-015-0094-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiome modulates tacrolimus pharmacokinetics through the transcriptional regulation of ABCB1
10.1186/s40168-023-01578-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Microbiome-derived reactivation of mycophenolate explains variations in enterohepatic recirculation in kidney transplant recipients
10.1186/s40168-025-02142-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Alteration of the gut microbiome in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy: impacts on the profile of short-chain fatty acids in a mouse model
10.1186/s40360-021-00536-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Population pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in transplant recipients
10.1208/s12248-013-9500-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Recent advances in understanding hepatic drug transport
10.12688/f1000research.9466.1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Metabolic reconstruction for metagenomic data and its application to the human microbiome
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002358 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Metatranscriptomic approach to analyze the functional human gut microbiota
10.1371/journal.pone.0017447 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota and tacrolimus dosing in kidney transplantation
10.1371/journal.pone.0122399 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for total and free mycophenolic Acid in pediatric renal transplant recipients: a report of the German study group on mycophenolate mofetil therapy
10.1681/asn.v133759 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Characterizing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressant medicines and patient outcomes in elderly renal transplant patients
10.21037/tau.2018.10.16 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota and metabolite changes induced by tacrolimus: implications for skin transplant immunology in mice
10.2147/jir.s539452 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hepatic disease and drug pharmacokinetics
10.2165/00003088-198005060-00002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in solid organ transplantation
10.2165/00003088-200443100-00001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Human Microbiome Project, personalized medicine and the birth of pharmacomicrobiomics
10.2174/187569210792246326 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mycophenolate mofetil: an update on its mechanism of action and effect on lymphoid tissue
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1463429 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota trigger host liver immune responses that affect drug-metabolising enzymes
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1511229 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
β-glucuronidase pattern predicted from gut metagenomes indicates potentially diversified pharmacomicrobiomics
10.3389/fmicb.2022.826994 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influence of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients: insights from microbiome analysis
10.3389/fmicb.2025.1616985 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tacrolimus-why pharmacokinetics matter in the clinic
10.3389/frtra.2023.1160752 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
State of art of dose individualization to support tacrolimus drug monitoring: what's next?
10.3389/ti.2025.14201 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enzymatic regulation of the gut microbiota: mechanisms and implications for host health
10.3390/biom14121638 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mechanisms and clinical implications of human gut microbiota-drug interactions in the precision medicine era
10.3390/biomedicines12010194 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota in the regulation of intestinal drug transporters: molecular mechanisms and pharmacokinetic implications
10.3390/ijms262411897 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impacts of high intra- and inter-individual variability in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and fast tacrolimus metabolism on outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients
10.3390/jcm9072193 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
β-glucuronidase at the microbiota-host interface: dual regulatory roles and precision modulation by natural products
10.3390/molecules31040601 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacomicrobiomics - another frontier of precision medicine
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Mechanistic insight into digoxin inactivation by Eggerthella lenta augments our understanding of its pharmacokinetics
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