Research graph
References from Reporting of Sociodemographic and Equity-Related Factors in Emergency Department Pain Trials for Children: A Scoping Review. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Pain outcomes in a US children’s hospital: a prospective cross-sectional survey
10.1542/hpeds.2014-0084 · 2015 · External reference
Epidemiology and management of painful procedures in children in Canadian hospitals
10.1503/cmaj.101341 · 2011 · External reference
Current concepts in management of pain in children in the emergency department
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61686-x · 2016 · External reference
The fear of needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1111/jan.13818 · 2019 · External reference
Children’s memory for pain: overview and implications for practice
10.1016/j.jpain.2004.05.001 · 2004 · External reference
Clinical implications of unmanaged needle-insertion pain and distress in children
10.1542/peds.2008-1055e · 2008 · External reference
Caregiversʼ responses to pain in their children in the emergency department
10.1001/archpedi.161.6.578 · 2007 · External reference
Reporting of participant demographics in clinical trials published in general radiology journals
10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.08.010 · 2024 · External reference
Who is in your trial? Improving the reporting of participant characteristics in trial protocols and results
10.1186/s13063-025-08938-z · 2025 · External reference
Co-creating better healthcare experiences for First Nations children and youth: the FIRST approach emerges from Two-Eyed seeing
10.1002/pne2.12024 · 2020 · External reference
Socioeconomic Status and analgesia provision at discharge among children with long-bone fractures requiring emergency care
10.1097/pec.0000000000001667 · 2021 · External reference
Disparities in the emergency department management of pediatric migraine by race, ethnicity, and language preference
10.1111/acem.14550 · 2022 · External reference
Race, ethnicity, and analgesia provision at discharge among children with long-bone fractures requiring emergency care
10.1097/pec.0b013e31828a34a8 · 2013 · External reference
Liposomal lidocaine to improve procedural success rates and reduce procedural pain among children: a randomized controlled trial
10.1503/cmaj.045316 · 2005 · External reference
The minimally effective dose of sucrose for procedural pain relief in neonates: a randomized controlled trial
10.1186/s12887-018-1026-x · 2018 · External reference
Virtual reality for pediatric needle procedural pain: two randomized clinical trials
10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.034 · 2019 · External reference
Oral administration of morphine versus ibuprofen to manage postfracture pain in children: a randomized trial
10.1503/cmaj.140907 · 2014 · External reference
Racial and ethnic differences in emergency department pain management of children with fractures
10.1542/peds.2019-3370 · 2020 · External reference
Racial disparities in pain management of children with appendicitis in emergency departments
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1915 · 2015 · External reference
Best practice guidance and reporting items for the development of scoping review protocols
10.11124/jbies-21-00242 · 2022 · External reference
Pain experiences of marginalized children in the emergency department: a scoping review protocol
10.1371/journal.pone.0296518 · 2024 · External reference
A hands-on guide to doing content analysis
10.1016/j.afjem.2017.08.001 · 2017 · External reference
Using PROGRESS-plus to identify current approaches to the collection and reporting of equity-relevant data: a scoping review
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.09.017 · 2023 · External reference
Deconstructing race and ethnicity: implications for measurement of health outcomes
10.1097/01.mlr.0000245427.22788.be · 2006 · External reference
Rethinking sex and gender
10.1016/0277-5395(93)90076-l · 1993 · External reference
EMLA application exceeding two hours improves pediatric emergency department venipuncture success
10.1097/tme.0b013e31827f50cb · 2013 · External reference
A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate topical anesthetic for 15 minutes before venipuncture in pediatrics
10.1016/j.ajem.2012.05.003 · 2013 · External reference
Music to reduce pain and distress in the pediatric emergency department: a randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.200 · 2013 · External reference
Efficacy of pain control with topical lidocaine-epinephrine-tetracaine during laceration repair with tissue adhesive in children: a randomized controlled trial
10.1503/cmaj.130269 · 2013 · External reference
Efficacy of an ibuprofen/codeine combination for pain management in children presenting to the emergency department with a limb injury: a pilot study
10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.06.027 · 2013 · External reference
Cryotherapeutic topical analgesics for pediatric intravenous catheter placement: ice versus vapocoolant spray
10.1097/pec.0b013e31827b214b · 2013 · External reference
A randomized controlled trial of cast versus splint for distal radial buckle fracture: an evaluation of satisfaction, convenience, and preference
10.1097/pec.0b013e31828e56fb · 2013 · External reference
Evaluating the Hematoma Block as an Adjunct to Procedural Sedation for Closed Reduction of Distal Forearm Fractures
10.1097/pec.0000000000000164 · 2014 · External reference
Hypertonic Saline as a Therapy for Pediatric Concussive Pain
10.1097/pec.0000000000000084 · 2014 · External reference
Randomized controlled trial of treatment expectation and intravenous fluid in pediatric migraine
10.1111/head.12443 · 2014 · External reference
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Oral Sucrose in Infants 1 to 3 Months Old Needing Intravenous Cannulation
10.1111/acem.12991 · 2016 · External reference
A randomized controlled study in reducing procedural pain and anxiety using high concentration nitrous oxide
10.1016/j.ajem.2017.04.076 · 2017 · External reference
Intranasal fentanyl for initial treatment of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease
10.1002/pbc.26332 · 2017 · External reference
Oral analgesics utilization for children With musculoskeletal injury (OUCH Trial): an RCT
10.1542/peds.2017-0186 · 2017 · External reference
The use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen for acute headache in the postconcussive youth: A pilot study
10.1093/pch/pxw011 · 2017 · External reference
Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Intranasal Ketamine Compared to Intranasal Fentanyl for Analgesia in Children with Suspected Extremity Fractures
10.1111/acem.13313 · 2017 · External reference
Lidocaine Pretreatment Reduces the Discomfort of Intranasal Midazolam Administration: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
10.1111/acem.13115 · 2017 · External reference
Ropivacaine Intramuscular Paracervical Injections for Pediatric Headache: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.011 · 2017 · External reference
A Randomized Double Blind Trial of Needle-free Injected Lidocaine Versus Topical Anesthesia for Infant Lumbar Puncture
10.1111/acem.13351 · 2018 · External reference
Randomized Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine for Abscess Incision and Drainage
10.1097/pec.0000000000000810 · 2018 · External reference
A Randomized Double-Blind Trial Comparing the Effect on Pain of an Oral Sucrose Solution vs. Placebo in Children 1 to 3 Months Old Undergoing Simple Venipuncture
10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.015 · 2018 · External reference
Oral dexamethasone for the prevention of acute migraine recurrence in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department with migraine: A pilot randomized controlled trial
10.1177/2515816318804158 · 2018 · External reference
Low-Dose Propofol for Pediatric Migraine: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial
10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.01.003 · 2018 · External reference
Randomized clinical trial of lidocaine analgesia for transurethral bladder catheterization delivered via blunt tipped applicator in young children
10.1097/pec.0000000000001358 · 2018 · External reference
Patient and Parent Satisfaction With Sling Use After Pediatric Upper Extremity Fractures: a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Customized Cast-Sling Versus Standard Cast and Sling
10.1097/bpo.0000000000001091 · 2019 · External reference
Virtual Reality: Augmenting the Acute Pain Experience in Children
2019 · External reference
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Use of Virtual Reality for Needle-Related Procedures in Children and Adolescents in the Emergency Department
10.1089/g4h.2018.0111 · 2019 · External reference
Effect of Intranasal Ketamine vs Fentanyl on Pain Reduction for Extremity Injuries in Children: The PRIME Randomized Clinical Trial
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4582 · 2019 · External reference
A Vibrating Cold Device to Reduce Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial
10.1097/pec.0000000000001041 · 2019 · External reference
Evaluation of hydrocodone/acetaminophen for pediatric laceration repair: a randomized trial
10.1097/prs.0000000000006383 · 2020 · External reference
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Novel Loop Drainage Technique Versus Standard Incision and Drainage in the Treatment of Skin Abscesses
10.1111/acem.14106 · 2020 · External reference
Comparison of Regularly Scheduled Ibuprofen Versus "Pro Re Nata" for Ankle Sprains in Children Treated in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial
10.1097/pec.0000000000002282 · 2020 · External reference
Treatment of Headache in the Emergency Department: Haloperidol in the Acute Setting (THE-HA Study): A Randomized Clinical Trial
10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.04.018 · 2020 · External reference
Comparison of Oral Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen with Either Analgesic Alone for Pediatric Emergency Department Patients with Acute Pain
10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.02.010 · 2020 · External reference
Comparison of preadministered and coadministered lidocaine for treating pain and distress associated with intranasal midazolam administration in children: A randomized clinical trial
10.1002/emp2.12227 · 2020 · External reference
Hyoscine butylbromide versus acetaminophen for nonspecific colicky abdominal pain in children: a randomized controlled trial
10.1503/cmaj.201055 · 2020 · External reference
Clinical Impact of Warmed Intravenous Saline in Sickle Cell Patients With Vasoocclusive Episodes
10.1097/pec.0000000000001976 · 2020 · External reference
A randomized trial of iPad distraction to reduce children's pain and distress during intravenous cannulation in the paediatric emergency department
10.1093/pch/pxaa089 · 2021 · External reference
A randomized trial of robot-based distraction to reduce children’s distress and pain during intravenous insertion in the emergency department
10.1007/s43678-020-00023-5 · 2021 · External reference
Tablet Computer as a Distraction Tool During Facial Laceration Repair A Randomized Trial
10.1097/pec.0000000000001626 · 2021 · External reference
Resource Use During Pediatric Venipuncture With Virtual Reality: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
10.1542/hpeds.2020-003822 · 2021 · External reference
Pediatric Coping During Venipuncture With Virtual Reality: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
10.2196/26040 · 2021 · External reference
A randomized double-blind trial comparing the effect on pain of an oral sucrose solution versus placebo in children 1-3 months old needing bladder catheterization
10.1007/s43678-021-00130-x · 2021 · External reference
Does Intravenous Acetaminophen Reduce Opioid Requirement in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients With Acute Sickle Cell Crises?
10.1111/acem.14149 · 2021 · External reference
Virtual reality for intravenous placement in the emergency department-a randomized controlled trial
10.1007/s00431-020-03771-9 · 2021 · External reference
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Virtual Reality vs. Standard-of-Care During Pediatric Laceration Repair
10.1007/s40653-021-00350-4 · 2021 · External reference
Effect on Pain of an Oral Sucrose Solution vs. Placebo in Children 1 to 3 Months Old Needing Nasopharyngeal Aspiration: A Randomized Controlled Trial
10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.02.021 · 2021 · External reference
Effect of Clinical Decision Support on Diagnostic Imaging for Pediatric Appendicitis: a Cluster Randomized Trial
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36344 · 2021 · External reference
Virtual reality to reduce procedural pain during IV insertion in the pediatric emergency department: a pilot randomized controlled trial
10.1097/ajp.0000000000000894 · 2021 · External reference
Distraction in the Emergency department using Virtual reality for INtravenous procedures in Children to Improve comfort (DEVINCI): a pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial
10.1007/s43678-020-00006-6 · 2021 · External reference
Analgesic Efficacy of Intranasal Ketamine Versus Intranasal Fentanyl for Moderate to Severe Pain in Children: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
10.1097/pec.0000000000001556 · 2021 · External reference
Virtual reality distraction during pediatric intravenous line placement in the emergency department: A prospective randomized comparison study
10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.009 · 2021 · External reference
XyloFUNS: Xylocaine to freeze during unpleasant nasopharyngeal swabs in children-a randomized controlled trial
10.1093/pch/pxac077 · 2022 · External reference
A randomized controlled pilot study of intranasal lidocaine in acute management of paediatric migraine and migraine-like headache
10.1093/pch/pxac054 · 2022 · External reference
A randomized trial of ketorolac and metoclopramide for migraine in the emergency department
10.1111/head.14307 · 2022 · External reference
Intranasal Fentanyl to Reduce Pain and Improve Oral Intake in the Management of Children With Painful Infectious Mouth Lesions
10.1097/pec.0000000000002779 · 2022 · External reference
Triple Versus Single Application of Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Tetracaine for Laceration Repair in Children
10.1097/pec.0000000000002631 · 2022 · External reference
Intranasal ketorolac versus intravenous ketorolac for treatment of migraine headaches in children: A randomized clinical trial
10.1111/acem.14422 · 2022 · External reference
Additive Value of Intranasal Fentanyl on Ibuprofen for Pain Management of Children With Moderate to Severe Headaches: A Randomized Controlled Trial
10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.04.023 · 2023 · External reference
Optimal Dose of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Laceration Repair in Children: A Phase II Dose-Ranging Study
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.01.023 · 2023 · External reference
Cold and vibration for children undergoing needle-related procedures: A non-inferiority randomized clinical trial
10.1002/pne2.12125 · 2024 · External reference
Remote electrical neuromodulation to treat children and adolescents with migraine in the emergency department: A randomized double-dummy pilot trial
2024 · External reference
Virtual Reality as Active Distraction in Laceration Repair
10.1097/pec.0000000000003319 · 2025 · External reference
Racial and ethnic disparities in pain management of children with limb fractures or suspected appendicitis: a retrospective cross-sectional study
10.3389/fped.2021.652854 · 2021 · External reference
Underuse of analgesia in very young pediatric patients with isolated painful injuries
10.1067/mem.2003.138 · 2003 · External reference
Toward improving patient equity in a pediatric emergency department: a framework for implementation
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.11.015 · 2023 · External reference
Reporting of sociodemographic characteristics of trial participants in infectious diseases clinical trials—a systematic review
10.1016/j.cmi.2025.04.030 · 2025 · External reference
Sociodemographic representation in randomized controlled trials for anxiety-related disorders in the U.S.: a systematic review (1993–2023)
10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102446 · 2024 · External reference
Reporting of sociodemographic variables in randomized clinical trials, 2014-2020
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10700 · 2021 · External reference
CONSORT-Equity 2017 extension and elaboration for better reporting of health equity in randomised trials
10.1136/bmj.j5085 · 2017 · External reference
Measurement of ethnicity in clinical trials: Delphi survey and consensus statement
10.1136/bmj-2026-409503 · 2026 · External reference
GRADE equity guidelines 2: considering health equity in GRADE guideline development: equity extension of the guideline development checklist
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.01.017 · 2017 · External reference
GRADE equity guidelines 1: considering health equity in GRADE guideline development: introduction and rationale
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.01.014 · 2017 · External reference