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References from Season-dependent phenological responses and implications for co-occurring plants and butterflies under climate anomalies and extreme weather events. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels
10.1038/nature18608 · 2016 · External reference
Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change
10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100 · 2006 · External reference
Global warming and plant–pollinator mismatches
10.1042/etls20190139 · 2020 · External reference
Evolutionary and demographic consequences of phenological mismatches
10.1038/s41559-019-0880-8 · 2019 · External reference
When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction
10.1098/rspb.2019.0573 · 2019 · External reference
How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions?
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01269.x · 2009 · External reference
Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence, and function
10.1126/science.1232728 · 2013 · External reference
Climate change intensifies plant–pollinator mismatch and increases secondary extinction risk for plants in northern latitudes
10.1073/pnas.2506265122 · 2025 · External reference
Autumn, the neglected season in climate change research
10.1016/j.tree.2015.01.004 · 2015 · External reference
Extreme weather events have strong but different impacts on plant and insect phenology
10.1038/s41558-025-02248-7 · 2025 · External reference
Demographic consequences of phenological shifts in response to climate change
10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011921-032939 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Beyond gradual warming: extreme weather events alter flower phenology of European grassland and heath species
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01690.x · 2009 · External reference
Phenological responses of temperate and boreal trees to warming depend on ambient spring temperatures, leaf habit, and geographic range
10.1073/pnas.1917508117 · 2020 · External reference
Spring-and fall-flowering species show diverging phenological responses to climate in the Southeast USA
10.1007/s00484-019-01679-0 · 2019 · External reference
Phenology advances uniformly in spring but diverges in autumn among three temperate tree species in response to warming
10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109475 · 2023 · External reference
Rapid butterfly declines across the United States during the 21st century
10.1126/science.adp4671 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1993 · External reference
Phenology of British butterflies and climate change
10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00322.x · 2000 · External reference
The wood white butterfly Leptidea sinapis and its nectar plants: a case of mutualism or parasitism?
10.2307/3544323 · 1979 · External reference
Components of pollinator ‘quality’: comparative analysis of a diverse insect assemblage
10.2307/3565403 · 1987 · External reference
Phenology as a process rather than an event: from individual reaction norms to community metrics
10.1002/ecm.1352 · 2019 · External reference
How well do first flowering dates measure plant responses to climate change? The effects of population size and sampling frequency
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01436.x · 2008 · External reference
Dynamics and conservation of the Gwangneung National Forest in Central Korea: a national model for forest restoration
10.1007/bf03030604 · 2007 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
A method for assessing changes in the abundance of butterflies
10.1016/0006-3207(77)90065-9 · 1977 · External reference
Weather anomalies more important than climate means in driving insect phenology
10.1038/s42003-023-04873-4 · 2023 · External reference
The Modified Rainfall Anomaly Index (mRAI)—is this an alternative to the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) in evaluating future extreme precipitation characteristics?
10.1007/s00704-015-1389-y · 2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
brms: an R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan
10.18637/jss.v080.i01 · 2017 · External reference
Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences
10.1214/ss/1177011136 · 1992 · External reference
iNEXT: interpolation and extrapolation for species diversity
10.32614/cran.package.inext · External reference
Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies
10.1890/13-0133.1 · 2014 · External reference
Rain downpours affect survival and development of insect herbivores: the specter of climate change?
10.1002/ecy.2819 · 2019 · External reference
Precipitation and interannual variability shape the phenology and abundance of the endangered butterfly Baronia brevicornis
10.1007/s13744-025-01325-y · 2025 · External reference
Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations
10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00196.x · 2010 · External reference
Divergence of reproductive phenology under climate warming
10.1073/pnas.0605642104 · 2007 · External reference
Unexpected phenological responses of butterflies to the interaction of urbanization and geographic temperature
10.1890/13-1848.1 · 2014 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Effects of drought on grassland phenology depend on functional types
10.1111/nph.18462 · 2022 · External reference
Impacts of a millennium drought on butterfly faunal dynamics
10.1186/s40665-018-0039-x · 2018 · External reference
Effects of climate change on phenology, frost damage, and floral abundance of montane wildflowers
10.1890/06-2128.1 · 2008 · External reference
Frost sensitivity of leaves and flowers of subalpine plants is related to tissue type and phenology
10.1111/1365-2745.12482 · 2016 · External reference
Effects of ambient and preceding temperatures and metabolic genes on flight metabolism in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.11.015 · 2016 · External reference
Thermal biology of flight in a butterfly: genotype, flight metabolism, and environmental conditions
10.1002/ece3.1758 · 2015 · External reference
Elevated temperature intensity, timing, and duration of exposure affect soybean internode elongation, mainstem node number, and pod number per plant
10.1016/j.cj.2017.10.005 · 2018 · External reference
Differential physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of Arabidopsis leaves under prolonged warming and heat shock
10.1186/s12870-020-2292-y · 2020 · External reference
Behavioral thermoregulation in butterflies
10.2307/1935649 · 1966 · External reference
How butterflies keep their cool: physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends
10.1111/1365-2656.13319 · 2020 · External reference
The effects of rainfall on plant–pollinator interactions
10.1007/s11829-019-09686-z · 2019 · External reference
Pollen resistance to water in 80 angiosperm species: flower structures protect rain-susceptible pollen
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02925.x · 2009 · External reference
Maintenance of temporal synchrony between syrphid flies and floral resources despite differential phenological responses to climate
10.1111/gcb.12246 · 2013 · External reference
Biodiversity ensures plant–pollinator phenological synchrony against climate change
10.1111/ele.12170 · 2013 · External reference
Phenological mismatch between alpine flowers and bumble bees: its mechanism and impacts on the population dynamics of bumble bees
10.1007/s00442-025-05775-4 · 2025 · External reference
Diversity–interaction modeling: estimating contributions of species identities and interactions to ecosystem function
10.1890/08-1684.1 · 2009 · External reference
Flowering phenology, fruiting success and progressive deterioration of pollination in an early-flowering geophyte
10.1098/rstb.2010.0115 · 2010 · External reference
Desynchronizations in bee–plant interactions cause severe fitness losses in solitary bees
10.1111/1365-2656.12694 · 2018 · External reference
Global warming and the disruption of plant–pollinator interactions
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01061.x · 2007 · External reference
Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants
10.1073/pnas.1115559108 · 2011 · External reference
Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the seasonal timing of Western honey bee colonies and an early spring flowering plant
10.1002/ece3.7616 · 2021 · External reference
Climatic warming increases voltinism in European butterflies and moths
10.1098/rspb.2009.1910 · 2009 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Supplementary material from: Season-dependent phenological responses and implications for co-occurring plants and butterflies under climate anomalies and extreme weather events
2026 · External reference
