Research graph
References from The primary premium: Why legislators are incentivized to side with primary voters over general election voters. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Detecting preference cycles in forced-choice experiments
2022 · External reference
Do open primaries improve representation? An experimental test of California’s 2012 top-two primary
10.1111/lsq.12113 · 2016 · External reference
Winning at all costs? How negative partisanship affects voter decision-making
10.1007/s11109-024-09974-2 · 2025 · External reference
10.1017/9781108768375
10.1017/9781108768375 · 2020 · External reference
Driving legislators’ policy preferences: constituent commutes and gas taxes
10.1111/lsq.12366 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
The vanishing marginals and electoral responsiveness
10.1017/s0007123400000338 · 1992 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1972 · External reference
Incumbency status and candidate responsiveness to voters in two-stage elections beginning with a primary
10.1080/17457289.2019.1614007 · 2021 · External reference
The number of choice tasks and survey satisficing in conjoint experiments
10.1017/pan.2017.40 · 2018 · External reference
Policy voting in U.S. house primaries
10.1080/17457289.2019.1669611 · 2019 · External reference
10.2139/ssrn.5172049
10.2139/ssrn.5172049 · External reference
Position-taking and electoral accountability in the U.S. house of representatives
10.1177/106591290605900211 · 2006 · External reference
Primary elections and candidate ideology: out of step with the primary electorate?
10.3162/036298007x201994 · 2007 · External reference
Does affective polarization undermine democratic norms or accountability? Maybe not
10.1111/ajps.12719 · 2023 · External reference
Abstraction and detail in experimental design
10.1111/ajps.12710 · 2023 · External reference
Elite influence on public opinion in an informed electorate
10.1017/s0003055411000165 · 2011 · External reference
Candidate positioning in US congressional elections
10.1017/s000712340400002x · 2004 · External reference
10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_4
10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_4 · 2009 · External reference
10.1017/cbo9781139871969
10.1017/cbo9781139871969 · 2014 · External reference
Does money buy congressional love? Individual donors and legislative voting
10.1080/07343469.2018.1518965 · 2019 · External reference
Out of step and still in congress? electoral consequences of incumbent and challenger positioning across time
10.1561/100.00019222 · 2022 · External reference
Out of step, out of office: electoral accountability and house members’ voting
10.1017/s0003055402004276 · 2002 · External reference
The electoral costs of party loyalty in congress
10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00449.x · 2010 · External reference
Measuring strategic positioning in congressional elections
10.1086/738502 · 2025 · External reference
Crashing the party: an experimental investigation of strategic voting in primary elections
10.1023/a:1022637002301 · 2003 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
1972 · External reference
Validating the demographic, political, psychological, and experimental results obtained from a new source of online survey respondents
10.1177/2053168018822174 · 2019 · External reference
Ideology, not affect: what Americans want from political representation
10.1111/ajps.12571 · 2021 · External reference
10.1017/9781009536516
10.1017/9781009536516 · 2024 · External reference
Voting can be hard, information helps
10.1177/1078087419831074 · 2020 · External reference
Heuristics behaving badly: party cues and voter knowledge
10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00621.x · 2013 · External reference
Relative policy support and coincidental representation
10.1017/s1537592715002315 · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1978 · External reference
Reassessing extremism, polarization, and constraint with continuous policy questions
10.1007/s11109-025-10111-w · 2026 · External reference
Do primary elections exacerbate congressional polarization?
10.1086/738503 · 2025 · External reference
Moderates
10.1017/s0003055422000818 · 2023 · External reference
Candidates or districts? Reevaluating the role of race in voter turnout
10.1111/ajps.12172 · 2016 · External reference
Appropriators not position takers: the distorting effects of electoral incentives on congressional representation
10.1111/ajps.12000 · 2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
10.1017/9781108355803
10.1017/9781108355803 · 2017 · External reference
Party elite engagement and coordination in house primary elections: a test of theories of parties
10.1111/ajps.12680 · 2023 · External reference
Primary divisions: how voters evaluate policy and group differences in intraparty contests
10.1086/718208 · 2022 · External reference
Institution of nomination and the policy ideology of primary electorates
10.1561/100.00015023 · 2015 · External reference
10.1017/9781009167697
10.1017/9781009167697 · 2022 · External reference
Southern realignment, party sorting, and the polarization of American primary electorates, 1958-2012
10.1007/s11127-017-0478-0 · 2018 · External reference
Voter learning in state primary elections
10.1111/ajps.12093 · 2015 · External reference
Primary elections and partisan polarization in the U.S. Congress
10.1561/100.00008052 · 2010 · External reference
Expressive partisanship: campaign involvement, political emotion, and partisan identity
10.1017/s0003055414000604 · 2015 · External reference
Ideological primary competition and congressional behavior
10.1080/07343469.2019.1600173 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Polarizing the electoral connection: partisan representation in Supreme Court confirmation politics
10.1086/681261 · 2015 · External reference
How should we estimate public opinion in the states?
10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00360.x · 2009 · External reference
The party or the purse? Unequal representation in the US senate
10.1017/s0003055419000315 · 2019 · External reference
10.7208/chicago/9780226473673.001.0001
10.7208/chicago/9780226473673.001.0001 · 2009 · External reference
How do senators vote? Disentangling the role of voter preferences, party affiliation, and senator ideology
1996 · External reference
Avoiding the hypothetical: why ‘mirror experiments’ are an essential part of survey research
10.1093/ijpor/edz027 · 2020 · External reference
Candidate positions, responsiveness, and returns to extremism
10.1086/738505 · 2026 · External reference
All candidate primaries, open primaries, and voter turnout
10.1561/113.00000105 · 2024 · External reference
Primaries and candidates: examining the influence of primary electorates on candidate ideology*
10.1017/psrm.2015.60 · 2017 · External reference
Is affective polarization driven by identity, loyalty, or substance?
10.1111/ajps.12796 · 2023 · External reference
Two-stage electoral competition in two-party contests: persistent divergence of party positions
10.1007/s00355-006-0087-1 · 2006 · External reference
10.1525/9780520340503
10.1525/9780520340503 · 1967 · External reference
Party unity, ideology, and polarization in primary elections for the house of representatives: 1956-2012
10.1111/lsq.12092 · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
10.7208/chicago/9780226827230.001.0001
10.7208/chicago/9780226827230.001.0001 · 2023 · External reference
On the representativeness of primary electorates
10.1017/s000712341700062x · 2020 · External reference
The effects of electability on US primary voters
10.1080/17457289.2016.1270287 · 2017 · External reference
Competition in congressional elections: money versus votes
10.1017/s0003055422000764 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Man bites blue dog: are moderates really more electable than ideologues?
10.1086/706054 · 2020 · External reference
How should we measure district-level public opinion on individual issues?
10.1017/s0022381611001204 · 2012 · External reference
Primaries and candidate polarization: behavioral theory and experimental evidence
10.1017/s0003055418000515 · 2018 · External reference
How do general election incentives affect the visible and invisible primary?
10.1111/lsq.12415 · 2023 · External reference
10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_4
10.1007/978-0-387-09720-6_4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Two-stage electoral competition in two-party contests: persistent divergence of party positions
10.1007/s00355-006-0087-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Winning at all costs? How negative partisanship affects voter decision-making
10.1007/s11109-024-09974-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reassessing extremism, polarization, and constraint with continuous policy questions
10.1007/s11109-025-10111-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Southern realignment, party sorting, and the polarization of American primary electorates, 1958-2012
10.1007/s11127-017-0478-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1017/9781009167697
10.1017/9781009167697 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1017/9781009536516
10.1017/9781009536516 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1017/9781108355803
10.1017/9781108355803 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1017/9781108768375
10.1017/9781108768375 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1017/cbo9781139871969
10.1017/cbo9781139871969 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The number of choice tasks and survey satisficing in conjoint experiments
10.1017/pan.2017.40 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Primaries and candidates: examining the influence of primary electorates on candidate ideology*
10.1017/psrm.2015.60 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Out of step, out of office: electoral accountability and house members’ voting
10.1017/s0003055402004276 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Elite influence on public opinion in an informed electorate
10.1017/s0003055411000165 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Expressive partisanship: campaign involvement, political emotion, and partisan identity
10.1017/s0003055414000604 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Primaries and candidate polarization: behavioral theory and experimental evidence
10.1017/s0003055418000515 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The party or the purse? Unequal representation in the US senate
10.1017/s0003055419000315 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Competition in congressional elections: money versus votes
10.1017/s0003055422000764 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Moderates
10.1017/s0003055422000818 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The vanishing marginals and electoral responsiveness
10.1017/s0007123400000338 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Candidate positioning in US congressional elections
10.1017/s000712340400002x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
On the representativeness of primary electorates
10.1017/s000712341700062x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How should we measure district-level public opinion on individual issues?
10.1017/s0022381611001204 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Relative policy support and coincidental representation
10.1017/s1537592715002315 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Crashing the party: an experimental investigation of strategic voting in primary elections
10.1023/a:1022637002301 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Does money buy congressional love? Individual donors and legislative voting
10.1080/07343469.2018.1518965 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ideological primary competition and congressional behavior
10.1080/07343469.2019.1600173 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effects of electability on US primary voters
10.1080/17457289.2016.1270287 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Incumbency status and candidate responsiveness to voters in two-stage elections beginning with a primary
10.1080/17457289.2019.1614007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Policy voting in U.S. house primaries
10.1080/17457289.2019.1669611 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Polarizing the electoral connection: partisan representation in Supreme Court confirmation politics
10.1086/681261 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Man bites blue dog: are moderates really more electable than ideologues?
10.1086/706054 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Primary divisions: how voters evaluate policy and group differences in intraparty contests
10.1086/718208 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Measuring strategic positioning in congressional elections
10.1086/738502 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Do primary elections exacerbate congressional polarization?
10.1086/738503 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Candidate positions, responsiveness, and returns to extremism
10.1086/738505 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Avoiding the hypothetical: why ‘mirror experiments’ are an essential part of survey research
10.1093/ijpor/edz027 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Appropriators not position takers: the distorting effects of electoral incentives on congressional representation
10.1111/ajps.12000 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Voter learning in state primary elections
10.1111/ajps.12093 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Candidates or districts? Reevaluating the role of race in voter turnout
10.1111/ajps.12172 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ideology, not affect: what Americans want from political representation
10.1111/ajps.12571 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Party elite engagement and coordination in house primary elections: a test of theories of parties
10.1111/ajps.12680 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Abstraction and detail in experimental design
10.1111/ajps.12710 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Does affective polarization undermine democratic norms or accountability? Maybe not
10.1111/ajps.12719 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Is affective polarization driven by identity, loyalty, or substance?
10.1111/ajps.12796 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How should we estimate public opinion in the states?
10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00360.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The electoral costs of party loyalty in congress
10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00449.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Heuristics behaving badly: party cues and voter knowledge
10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00621.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Party unity, ideology, and polarization in primary elections for the house of representatives: 1956-2012
10.1111/lsq.12092 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Do open primaries improve representation? An experimental test of California’s 2012 top-two primary
10.1111/lsq.12113 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Driving legislators’ policy preferences: constituent commutes and gas taxes
10.1111/lsq.12366 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
How do general election incentives affect the visible and invisible primary?
10.1111/lsq.12415 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Position-taking and electoral accountability in the U.S. house of representatives
10.1177/106591290605900211 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Voting can be hard, information helps
10.1177/1078087419831074 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Validating the demographic, political, psychological, and experimental results obtained from a new source of online survey respondents
10.1177/2053168018822174 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1525/9780520340503
10.1525/9780520340503 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Primary elections and partisan polarization in the U.S. Congress
10.1561/100.00008052 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Institution of nomination and the policy ideology of primary electorates
10.1561/100.00015023 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Out of step and still in congress? electoral consequences of incumbent and challenger positioning across time
10.1561/100.00019222 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
All candidate primaries, open primaries, and voter turnout
10.1561/113.00000105 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.2139/ssrn.5172049
10.2139/ssrn.5172049 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Primary elections and candidate ideology: out of step with the primary electorate?
10.3162/036298007x201994 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.7208/chicago/9780226473673.001.0001
10.7208/chicago/9780226473673.001.0001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.7208/chicago/9780226827230.001.0001
10.7208/chicago/9780226827230.001.0001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
