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References from The Role of Kappa‐Opioid Receptor/Dynorphin System in Modulating Neural‐Circuits of Depression and Anxiety—A Review. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The Economic Burden of Adults With Major Depressive Disorder in the United States (2010 and 2018)
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Prevalence and Variability of Depressive Symptoms in Europe: Update Using Representative Data From the Second and Third Waves of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS‐2 and EHIS‐3)
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Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders in the 21st Century
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New Insights Into Pharmacology of GABAA Receptor Alpha Subunits–Selective Modulators
10.1097/mjt.0000000000001810 · 2024 · External reference
Antidepressant Effect of the Interaction of Fluoxetine With Granisetron
2019 · External reference
Role of Kappa‐Opioid Receptors in Stress and Anxiety‐Related Behavior
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Does the Kappa Opioid Receptor System Contribute to Pain Aversion?
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The Kappa Opioid Receptor: From Addiction to Depression, and Back
10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00170 · 2014 · External reference
Efficacy and Safety of Aticaprant, a Kappa Receptor Antagonist, Adjunctive to Oral SSRI/SNRI Antidepressant in Major Depressive Disorder: Results of a Phase 2 Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
10.1038/s41386-024-01862-x · 2024 · External reference
A Randomized Proof‐Of‐Mechanism Trial Applying the ‘Fast‐Fail’ Approach to Evaluating κ‐Opioid Antagonism as a Treatment for Anhedonia
10.1038/s41591-020-0806-7 · 2020 · External reference
Antidepressant‐Like Effects of κ‐Opioid Receptor Antagonists in the Forced Swim Test in Rats
10.1124/jpet.102.046433 · 2003 · External reference
Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Are Mitigated by Kappa‐Opioid Receptor Antagonism
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The Antidepressant Effect of Magnolol on Depression‐Like Behavior of CORT‐Treated Mice
10.1007/s12031-023-02185-0 · 2024 · External reference
Dynorphin A [1–17] Induces “Reward” in Rats in the Place Conditioning Paradigm
10.1016/0024-3205(88)90151-8 · 1988 · External reference
Ablation of Kappa‐Opioid Receptors From Brain Dopamine Neurons Has Anxiolytic‐Like Effects and Enhances Cocaine‐Induced Plasticity
10.1038/npp.2013.58 · 2013 · External reference
A Systematic Review on the Kappa Opioid Receptor and Its Ligands: New Directions for the Treatment of Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Drug Abuse
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Biased Agonism at Kappa Opioid Receptors: Implication in Pain and Mood Disorders
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Cannabinoid and Kappa Opioid Receptors Reduce Potassium K Current via Activation of Gs Proteins in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
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Activation of κ Opioid Receptors Increases Intrinsic Excitability of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells
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Do Rats Have a Prefrontal Cortex?
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Comparing the Prefrontal Cortex of Rats and Primates: Insights From Electrophysiology
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Divergence of Rodent and Primate Medial Frontal Cortex Functional Connectivity
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What, if Anything, Is Rodent Prefrontal Cortex?
10.1523/eneuro.0315-18.2018 · 2018 · External reference
Circuit Organization of the Rodent Medial Prefrontal Cortex
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Differential Projections of the Infralimbic and Prelimbic Cortex in the Rat
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The Projection From Dorsal Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Basolateral Amygdala Promotes Behaviors of Negative Emotion in Rats
10.3389/fnins.2024.1331864 · 2024 · External reference
Endocannabinoid Signaling Collapse Mediates Stress‐Induced Amygdalo‐Cortical Strengthening
10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.024 · 2020 · External reference
Basomedial Amygdala Mediates Top‐Down Control of Anxiety and Fear
10.1038/nature15698 · 2015 · External reference
Revisiting the Role of Infralimbic Cortex in Fear Extinction With Optogenetics
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Dissociable Roles of Prelimbic and Infralimbic Cortices, Ventral Hippocampus, and Basolateral Amygdala in the Expression and Extinction of Conditioned Fear
10.1038/npp.2010.184 · 2011 · External reference
Microstimulation Reveals Opposing Influences of Prelimbic and Infralimbic Cortex on the Expression of Conditioned Fear
10.1101/lm.306106 · 2006 · External reference
The Prefrontal Cortex—An Update
10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00285-9 · 2001 · External reference
Impulsivity, Frontal Lobes and Risk for Addiction
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The Orbitofrontal Cortex, Impulsivity, and Addiction: Probing Orbitofrontal Dysfunction at the Neural, Neurochemical, and Molecular Level
10.1196/annals.1401.024 · 2007 · External reference
The Hippocampus
10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.049 · 2015 · External reference
The Three‐Dimensional Organization of the Hippocampal Formation: A Review of Anatomical Data
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Spatial Organization of Direct Hippocampal Field CA1 Axonal Projections to the Rest of the Cerebral Cortex
10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.05.002 · 2007 · External reference
Projections From Ventral Hippocampus to Nucleus Accumbens' Cholinergic Neurons Are Altered in Depression
10.1085/jgp.202413693 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2021 · External reference
Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus Functionally Distinct Structures?
10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.031 · 2010 · External reference
Bidirectional Control of Anxiety‐Related Behaviors in Mice: Role of Inputs Arising From the Ventral Hippocampus to the Lateral Septum and Medial Prefrontal Cortex
10.1038/npp.2017.56 · 2017 · External reference
Direct Ventral Hippocampal‐Prefrontal Input Is Required for Anxiety‐Related Neural Activity and Behavior
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.011 · 2016 · External reference
The Neurocircuitry of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression: Insights Into Overlapping and Distinct Circuit Dysfunction—A Tribute to Ron Duman
10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.04.009 · 2021 · External reference
ENIGMA MDD: Seven Years of Global Neuroimaging Studies of Major Depression Through Worldwide Data Sharing
10.1038/s41398-020-0842-6 · 2020 · External reference
Neural Basis of Major Depressive Disorder: Beyond Monoamine Hypothesis
10.1111/pcn.12604 · 2018 · External reference
The Amygdala
10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.005 · 2007 · External reference
From Circuits to Behaviour in the Amygdala
10.1038/nature14188 · 2015 · External reference
κ Opioid Receptor‐Dynorphin Signaling in the Central Amygdala Regulates Conditioned Threat Discrimination and Anxiety
10.1523/eneuro.0370-20.2020 · 2021 · External reference
Long‐Range Connectivity Defines Behavioral Specificity of Amygdala Neurons
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.006 · 2014 · External reference
Amygdala Circuitry Mediating Reversible and Bidirectional Control of Anxiety
10.1038/nature09820 · 2011 · External reference
Anatomical Connectivity of the Intercalated Cells of the Amygdala
10.1523/eneuro.0238-23.2023 · 2023 · External reference
Intercalated Amygdala Clusters Orchestrate a Switch in Fear State
10.1038/s41586-021-03593-1 · 2021 · External reference
Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Receptor System Regulation on Amygdaloid Circuitry: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders
10.3389/fnsys.2022.963691 · 2022 · External reference
Subjects With Major Depression or Bipolar Disorder Show Reduction of Prodynorphin mRNA Expression in Discrete Nuclei of the Amygdaloid Complex
10.1038/sj.mp.4000930 · 2002 · External reference
Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Revisited: Effects of Acute and Repeated Stress
10.1007/s00213-015-4151-3 · 2016 · External reference
Alterations and Adaptation of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons in Animal Models of Depression
10.1007/s00441-019-03007-9 · 2019 · External reference
Mesopontine Cholinergic Inputs to Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Drive Stress‐Induced Depressive‐Like Behaviors
10.1038/s41467-018-06809-7 · 2018 · External reference
Stress and VTA Synapses: Implications for Addiction and Depression
10.1111/ejn.12490 · 2014 · External reference
The Hippocampal‐VTA Loop: Controlling the Entry of Information Into Long‐Term Memory
10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.002 · 2005 · External reference
The Formation and Function of the VTA Dopamine System
10.3390/ijms25073875 · 2024 · External reference
Laterodorsal Tegmentum–Ventral Tegmental Area Projections Encode Positive Reinforcement Signals
10.1002/jnr.24931 · 2021 · External reference
The Brain Reward Circuitry in Mood Disorders
10.1038/nrn3381 · 2013 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Nucleus Accumbens in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder: A Brief Review
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.004 · 2023 · External reference
Emerging Role for Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in Depression
10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.09.007 · 2017 · External reference
Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation Decreases Ratings of Depression and Anxiety in Treatment‐Resistant Depression
10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.013 · 2010 · External reference
The Nucleus Accumbens: A Target for Deep Brain Stimulation in Resistant Major Depressive Disorder
10.1186/2049-9256-1-17 · 2013 · External reference
Reduced Nucleus Accumbens Reactivity and Adolescent Depression Following Early‐Life Stress
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.010 · 2013 · External reference
Prefrontal Cortical Dynorphin Peptidergic Transmission Constrains Threat‐Driven Behavioral and Network States
10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.015 · 2024 · External reference
Prefrontal Cortical Kappa‐Opioid Receptor Modulation of Local Neurotransmission and Conditioned Place Aversion
10.1038/npp.2013.76 · 2013 · External reference
Prefrontal Cortical Kappa Opioid Receptors Attenuate Responses to Amygdala Inputs
10.1038/npp.2015.138 · 2015 · External reference
Dynorphin / Kappa‐Opioid Receptor Regulation of Excitation‐Inhibition Balance Toggles Afferent Control of Prefrontal Cortical Circuits in a Pathway‐Specific Manner
10.1038/s41380-023-02226-5 · 2023 · External reference
Paying Attention to Attention in Depression
10.1038/s41398-019-0616-1 · 2019 · External reference
Depression: A Cognitive Perspective
10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.008 · 2019 · External reference
Affective Working Memory in Depression
10.1037/emo0001130 · 2023 · External reference
Processing of Emotional Information in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward a Dimensional Understanding
10.1177/1754073915575402 · 2015 · External reference
Depression Affects Working Memory Performance: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study
10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111581 · 2023 · External reference
Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonism Protects Working Memory Performance From Mild Stress Exposure in Rhesus Macaques
10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100493 · 2022 · External reference
Release of Endogenous Dynorphin Opioids in the Prefrontal Cortex Disrupts Cognition
10.1038/s41386-021-01168-2 · 2021 · External reference
Adenosine A3 and Kappa Opioid Receptors in Satellite Glial Cells of Human Dorsal Root Ganglion
10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.066 · 2023 · External reference
Opioid Receptor Modulation of Neural Circuits in Depression: What Can Be Learned From Preclinical Data?
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.007 · 2020 · External reference
Dynorphin, Stress, and Depression
10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.074 · 2010 · External reference
Dysfunction in Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Is Associated With Depressive‐Like Behavior in Wistar Kyoto Rats
10.1371/journal.pone.0036743 · 2012 · External reference
Distribution of Opioid Peptide Gene Expression in the Limbic System of Fawn‐Hooded (Alcohol‐Preferring) and Wistar‐Kyoto (Alcohol‐Non‐Preferring) Rats
10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00432-6 · 1998 · External reference
Stress Increases Dynorphin Immunoreactivity in Limbic Brain Regions and Dynorphin Antagonism Produces Antidepressant‐Like Effects
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02589.x · 2004 · External reference
Central κ‐Opioid Receptor‐Mediated Antidepressant‐Like Effects of Nor‐Binaltorphimine: Behavioral and BDNF mRNA Expression Studies
10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.045 · 2007 · External reference
Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Physical Exercise on BDNF and Cognitive Function: A Comprehensive Review From Molecular Basis to Therapy
10.1016/j.bbii.2023.100017 · 2023 · External reference
Chronic Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation Modulates NR2B: Implication in Treatment Resistant Depression
10.1038/srep33401 · 2016 · External reference
Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation Induces Epigenetic Silencing of Brain‐Derived Neurotropic Factor via HDAC5 in Depression
10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00175 · 2024 · External reference
Kappa Opioid Receptor Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala Regulates Conditioned Fear and Anxiety in Rats
10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.017 · 2011 · External reference
Effects of Kappa‐Opioid Agonist U‐50488 and p38 MAPK Inhibitor SB203580 on the Spike Activity of Pyramidal Neurons in the Basolateral Amygdala
10.18413/rrpharmacology.10.400 · 2024 · External reference
Pathway‐ and Cell‐Specific Kappa‐Opioid Receptor Modulation of Excitation‐Inhibition Balance Differentially Gates D1 and D2 Accumbens Neuron Activity
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.005 · 2017 · External reference
BLA to vHPC Inputs Modulate Anxiety‐Related Behaviors
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.016 · 2013 · External reference
The Basolateral Amygdala to Ventral Hippocampus Circuit Controls Anxiety‐Like Behaviors Induced by Morphine Withdrawal
10.3389/fncel.2022.894886 · 2022 · External reference
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10.1101/2025.08.09.669424 · External reference
CRF1‐R Activation of the Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid System in the Mouse Basolateral Amygdala Mediates Anxiety‐Like Behavior
10.1371/journal.pone.0008528 · 2009 · External reference
Dissecting the Roles of GABA and Neuropeptides From Rat Central Amygdala CRF Neurons in Anxiety and Fear Learning
10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.083 · 2019 · External reference
Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation in the Amygdala Disinhibits CRF Neurons to Generate Pain‐Like Behaviors
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108456 · 2021 · External reference
Dynorphin/Kappa Opioid Receptor Activity Within the Extended Amygdala Contributes to Stress‐Enhanced Alcohol Drinking in Mice
10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.01.002 · 2022 · External reference
Amygdala Dynorphin/κ Opioid Receptor System Modulates Depressive‐Like Behavior in Mice Following Chronic Social Defeat Stress
10.1038/s41401-021-00677-6 · 2022 · External reference
Kappa Opioid Receptor Signaling in the Brain: Circuitry and Implications for Treatment
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Regionally Selective Activation and Differential Regulation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAP Kinase Signalling Pathway by Protein Kinase C in Mood Modulation
10.1017/s1461145711000897 · 2012 · External reference
Impaired Periamygdaloid‐Cortex Prodynorphin Is Characteristic of Opiate Addiction and Depression
10.1172/jci70395 · 2013 · External reference
Constitutive Activation of Kappa Opioid Receptors at Ventral Tegmental Area Inhibitory Synapses Following Acute Stress
10.7554/elife.23785 · 2017 · External reference
Inhibition of cAMP Response Element‐Binding Protein or Dynorphin in the Nucleus Accumbens Produces an Antidepressant‐Like Effect
10.1523/jneurosci.22-24-10883.2002 · 2002 · External reference
Kappa Opioid Receptor in Nucleus Accumbens Regulates Depressive‐Like Behaviors Following Prolonged Morphine Withdrawal in Mice
10.1016/j.isci.2023.107536 · 2023 · External reference
Antagonism of κ Opioid Receptor in the Nucleus Accumbens Prevents the Depressive‐Like Behaviors Following Prolonged Morphine Abstinence
10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.053 · 2015 · External reference
Causes of the Male‐Female Ratio of Depression Based on the Psychosocial Factors
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1052702 · 2022 · External reference
Sex Differences and the Role of Estradiol in Mesolimbic Reward Circuits and Vulnerability to Cocaine and Opiate Addiction
10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00074 · 2020 · External reference
Sex Difference in κ‐Opioid Receptor (KOPR)‐Mediated Behaviors, Brain Region KOPR Level and KOPR‐Mediated Guanosine 5′‐O‐(3‐[35S]Thiotriphosphate) Binding in the Guinea Pig
10.1124/jpet.111.183905 · 2011 · External reference
PET Imaging Reveals Sex Differences in Kappa Opioid Receptor Availability in Humans, In Vivo
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Spinal Synthesis of Estrogen and Concomitant Signaling by Membrane Estrogen Receptors Regulate Spinal κ‐ and μ‐Opioid Receptor Heterodimerization and Female‐Specific Spinal Morphine Antinociception
10.1523/jneurosci.1901-11.2011 · 2011 · External reference
Sex Differences in the Modulation of Mouse Nest Building Behavior by Kappa Opioid Receptor Signaling
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108254 · 2020 · External reference
Dynorphin‐Kappa Opioid Receptor Signaling Partly Mediates Estrogen Negative Feedback Effect on LH Pulses in Female Rats
10.1262/jrd.2012-193 · 2013 · External reference
Sex Differences in Kappa Opioid Receptor Antinociception Is Influenced by the Number of X Chromosomes in Mouse
10.1002/jnr.24704 · 2022 · External reference
Females Are Less Sensitive Than Males to the Motivational‐ and Dopamine‐Suppressing Effects of Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.002 · 2019 · External reference
Pharmacological Activation of Kappa Opioid Receptors: Aversive Effects in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats
10.1007/s00213-013-3095-8 · 2014 · External reference
Potential Anxiolytic‐ and Antidepressant‐Like Effects of Salvinorin A, the Main Active Ingredient of Salvia divinorum , in Rodents
10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00230.x · 2009 · External reference
Age‐Dependent Regulation of GABA Transmission by Kappa Opioid Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala of Sprague‐Dawley Rats
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.036 · 2017 · External reference
PET Imaging of Kappa Opioid Receptors and Receptor Expression Quantified in Neuron‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Socially Housed Female and Male Cynomolgus Macaques
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Current Challenges in Translational and Clinical fMRI and Future Directions
10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00924 · 2020 · External reference
Social Status and Demographic Effects of the Kappa Opioid Receptor: A PET Imaging Study With a Novel Agonist Radiotracer in Healthy Volunteers
10.1038/s41386-019-0379-7 · 2019 · External reference
Kappa‐Opioid Receptors, Dynorphin, and Cocaine Addiction: A Positron Emission Tomography Study
10.1038/s41386-019-0398-4 · 2019 · External reference
PET Imaging Reveals Lower Kappa Opioid Receptor Availability in Alcoholics but no Effect of Age
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