Research graph
References from Carbon footprint of clinical research: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of estimates, sources of variation and emission hotspots. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
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External reference
Towards sustainable clinical trials
2007 · External reference
Greenhouse-gas costs of clinical trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60725-9 · 2007 · External reference
What is the carbon footprint of academic clinical trials? A study of hotspots in 10 trials
10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088600 · 2024 · External reference
Carbon emissions associated with clinical trials: a scoping review
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111733 · 2025 · External reference
Carbon footprint of clinical trials: a high-level literature review
2022 · External reference
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Aligning environmental, social, and governance to clinical development: moving towards more sustainable clinical trials
10.5639/gabij.2024.1303.033 · 2024 · External reference
Trend towards virtual and hybrid conferences may be an effective climate change mitigation strategy
10.1038/s41467-021-27251-2 · 2021 · External reference
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10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112707
10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112707 · External reference
10.1525/jer.2010.5.1.5
10.1525/jer.2010.5.1.5 · External reference
10.1136/jme-2022-108489
10.1136/jme-2022-108489 · External reference
The relevance of sustainable laboratory practices
10.1039/d4su00056k · 2024 · External reference
10.1039/d4su00387j
10.1039/d4su00387j · External reference
Computational strategic recruitment for representation and coverage studied in the All of Us Research Program
10.1038/s41746-025-01804-x · 2025 · External reference
GREENER principles for environmentally sustainable computational science
10.1038/s43588-023-00461-y · 2023 · External reference
The COP26 health commitments: A springboard towards environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient health care systems?
10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100136 · 2022 · External reference
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Infrastructure, capabilities, and capacities required for clinical trials design and delivery: A rapid scoping review of recommendations and regulations
10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23135.1 · 2024 · External reference
10.1101/2024.11.12.24317142
10.1101/2024.11.12.24317142 · External reference
Challenges and recommendations for environmental sustainability assessments of pharmaceutical products in the healthcare sector
10.1039/c7gc00833c · 2017 · External reference
10.1145/2601248.2601268
10.1145/2601248.2601268 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
10.1136/bmj.n71 · 2021 · External reference
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Unresolved reference
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10.1080/07350015.2016.1247004
10.1080/07350015.2016.1247004 · External reference
10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6
10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6 · External reference
Carbon footprint of a sample of clinical trials for people with neurological disorders: cross-sectional analysis
10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090419 · 2025 · External reference
Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Clinical Research: A Full Life Cycle Analysis of a French Academic Randomised Clinical Trial
10.1111/fcp.70086 · 2026 · External reference
Climate footprint of industry-sponsored in-human clinical trials: life cycle assessments of clinical trials spanning multiple phases and disease areas
10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085364 · 2025 · External reference
Carbon cost of pragmatic randomised controlled trials: retrospective analysis of sample of trials
10.1136/bmj.b4187 · 2009 · External reference
Carbon footprint of industry-sponsored late-stage clinical trials
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072491 · 2023 · External reference
CLIMATRIAL: applicability and adaptability of a novel method to quantify the carbon footprint of a South African clinical trial
10.1186/s13063-025-08903-w · 2025 · External reference
Life cycle assessment of a clinical malaria trial in Mali reveals large environmental impacts of electricity consumption and international travel
10.1371/journal.pstr.0000131 · 2025 · External reference
Reducing the environmental impact of trials: a comparison of the carbon footprint of the CRASH-1 and CRASH-2 clinical trials
10.1186/1745-6215-12-31 · 2011 · External reference
Climate footprint of industry-sponsored clinical research: an analysis of a phase-1 randomised clinical study and discussion of opportunities to reduce its impact
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077129 · 2024 · External reference
10.1177/1740774515625964
10.1177/1740774515625964 · External reference
10.1111/bcp.15242
10.1111/bcp.15242 · External reference
Analysis and Optimization of Equitable US Cancer Clinical Trial Center Access by Travel Time
10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.7314 · 2024 · External reference
10.1136/bmj.316.7127.285
10.1136/bmj.316.7127.285 · External reference
The global scale, distribution and growth of aviation: Implications for climate change
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102194 · 2020 · External reference
A strategy to reduce the carbon footprint of clinical trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01384-2 · 2021 · External reference
Behavioural change interventions encouraging clinicians to reduce carbon emissions in clinical activity: a systematic review
10.1186/s12913-023-09370-2 · 2023 · External reference
10.1177/0013916511402673
10.1177/0013916511402673 · External reference
