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References from Targeting of conserved spike epitopes enables broad antibody neutralisation of diverse bat sarbecoviruses. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
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Estimating population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 by random sampling from primary and secondary healthcare in Scotland, May 2024
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ACE2 binding is an ancestral and evolvable trait of sarbecoviruses
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The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has a broad tropism for mammalian ACE2 proteins
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The evolutionary history of ACE2 usage within the coronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus
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Broad and potent neutralizing antibodies are elicited in vaccinated individuals following Delta/BA.1 breakthrough infection
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Broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron, following breakthrough infection with delta in COVID-19-vaccinated individuals
10.1128/mbio.03798-21 · 2022 · External reference
SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness
2023 · External reference
Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies
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Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization
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Structural Immunology of SARS-CoV-2
10.1111/imr.13431 · 2025 · External reference
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies
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Mapping neutralizing and immunodominant sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain by structure-guided high-resolution serology
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SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape
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The effect of Omicron breakthrough infection and extended BNT162b2 booster dosing on neutralization breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
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Pseudotyped Bat Coronavirus RaTG13 is efficiently neutralised by convalescent sera from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients
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Breadth of ACE2 receptor usage predicts host range and antigenic relatedness across bat sarbecoviruses.
2026 · External reference
Neutralization potency of monoclonal antibodies recognizing dominant and subdominant epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Spike is impacted by the B.1.1.7 variant
10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.023 · 2021 · External reference
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine elicits monoclonal antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 viral variants
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110757 · 2022 · External reference
Genomic screening of 16 UK native bat species through conservationist networks uncovers coronaviruses with zoonotic potential
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Detection and characterization of bat sarbecovirus phylogenetically related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan
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SARS-CoV-2 and bat RaTG13 spike glycoprotein structures inform on virus evolution and furin-cleavage effects
10.1038/s41594-020-0468-7 · 2020 · External reference
Targeting the spike receptor binding domain class V cryptic epitope by an antibody with pan-sarbecovirus activity
10.1128/jvi.01596-22 · 2023 · External reference
Identification of a broad sarbecovirus neutralizing antibody targeting a conserved epitope on the receptor-binding domain
10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113653 · 2024 · External reference
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting a conserved silent face of spike RBD resist extreme SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift
2023 · External reference
Deep mutational scanning of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain reveals constraints on folding and ACE2 binding
10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.012 · 2020 · External reference
The expanding array of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies
10.1186/s12977-018-0453-y · 2018 · External reference
A potent and broad neutralizing antibody recognizes and penetrates the HIV glycan shield
10.1126/science.1213256 · 2011 · External reference
Structure of HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 domain with broadly neutralizing antibody PG9
10.1038/nature10696 · 2011 · External reference
Molecular basis of sarbecovirus evolution and receptor tropism in natural hosts, potential intermediate hosts, and humans
10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116220 · 2025 · External reference
Structural basis for sarbecovirus Rc-o319 spike adaptation to Rhinolophus cornutus Bat ACE2 and constraints on switching to human ACE2
10.1371/journal.ppat.1014245 · 2026 · External reference
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry reveals an antibody-induced allosteric pathway driving SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer disassembly
10.1021/jacs.5c18784 · 2026 · External reference
Cross-neutralizing antibodies bind a SARS-CoV-2 cryptic site and resist circulating variants
10.1038/s41467-021-25997-3 · 2021 · External reference
A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
10.1126/science.abb7269 · 2020 · External reference
An antibody class with a common CDRH3 motif broadly neutralizes sarbecoviruses
2022 · External reference
Human antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 with a recurring YYDRxG motif retain binding and neutralization to variants of concern including Omicron
10.1038/s42003-022-03700-6 · 2022 · External reference
Cross-neutralization of a SARS-CoV-2 antibody to a functionally conserved site is mediated by avidity
2020 · External reference
Spike-specific IgG4 generated post BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination is inhibitory when directly competing with functional IgG subclasses
2025 · External reference
Beyond neutralization: Fc-dependent antibody effector functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection
10.1038/s41577-022-00813-1 · 2023 · External reference
Three SARS-CoV-2 antibodies provide broad and synergistic neutralization against variants of concern, including Omicron
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110862 · 2022 · External reference
Rational identification of potent and broad sarbecovirus-neutralizing antibody cocktails from SARS convalescents
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111845 · 2022 · External reference
Potent pan huACE2-dependent sarbecovirus neutralizing monoclonal antibodies isolated from a BNT162b2-vaccinated SARS survivor
2023 · External reference
Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against sarbecoviruses elicited by single ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection
10.1038/s42003-025-07769-7 · 2025 · External reference
Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability
10.1126/science.abc5902 · 2020 · External reference
Two classes of broadly neutralizing antibodies within a single lineage directed to the high-mannose patch of HIV envelope
10.1128/jvi.02905-14 · 2015 · External reference
Identification of common features in prototype broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV envelope V2 apex to facilitate vaccine design
10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.014 · 2015 · External reference
Reprogramming the antigen specificity of B cells using genome-editing technologies
2019 · External reference
Ontogeny-based immunogens for the induction of V2-directed HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies
10.1111/imr.12501 · 2017 · External reference
Human immunoglobulin repertoire analysis guides design of vaccine priming immunogens targeting HIV V2-apex broadly neutralizing antibody precursors
10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.001 · 2022 · External reference
Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice
10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003 · 2022 · External reference
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells
10.1038/s41580-021-00418-x · 2022 · External reference
Broad cross-reactivity across sarbecoviruses exhibited by a subset of COVID-19 donor-derived neutralizing antibodies
10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109760 · 2021 · External reference
Structural determinants of spike infectivity in bat SARS-like coronaviruses RsSHC014 and WIV1
10.1128/jvi.00342-24 · 2024 · External reference
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies elicited by mosaic RBD nanoparticles bind conserved sarbecovirus epitopes
2022 · External reference
Mosaic RBD nanoparticle elicits immunodominant antibody responses across sarbecoviruses
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SARS-CoV-2 can recruit a heme metabolite to evade antibody immunity
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Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans
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A neutralizing epitope on the SD1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike targeted following infection and vaccination
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10.1038/nmeth.4169 · 2017 · External reference
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10.1002/2211-5463.13873 · 2024 · External reference
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Expanded ACE2 dependencies of diverse SARS-like coronavirus receptor binding domains
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Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells
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