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References from Nightjars trade off cruising speed efficiency for hovering capabilities and link upstroke thrust production with restricted wing folding. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Form and function in avian flight
10.1007/978-1-4615-6787-5_1 · 1988 · External reference
AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds
10.1111/ele.13898 · 2022 · External reference
Power of the wingbeat: modelling the effects of flapping wings in vertebrate flight
2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2008 · External reference
Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia; Chiroptera): wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation
10.1098/rstb.1987.0030 · 1987 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2001 · External reference
Migration strategies and annual space‐use in an Afro‐Palaearctic aerial insectivore – the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus
10.1111/jav.01071 · 2017 · External reference
The lunar cycle drives migration of a nocturnal bird
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000456 · 2019 · External reference
Morphological adaptations to song flight in passerine birds: a comparative study
1997 · External reference
Avian wingtip shape reconsidered: wingtip shape indices and morphological adaptations to migration
10.2307/3677110 · 1998 · External reference
Flight altitude dynamics of migrating European nightjars across regions and seasons
10.1242/jeb.242836 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1990 · External reference
Hummingbird wing efficacy depends on aspect ratio and compares with helicopter rotors
10.1098/rsif.2014.0585 · 2014 · External reference
Multi-cored vortices support function of slotted wing tips of birds in gliding and flapping flight
10.1098/rsif.2017.0099 · 2017 · External reference
Three-dimensional kinematics of hummingbird flight
10.1242/jeb.005686 · 2007 · External reference
Time-resolved vortex wake of a common swift flying over a range of flight speeds
10.1098/rsif.2010.0533 · 2011 · External reference
Estimation of unsteady aerodynamics in the wake of a freely flying European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
10.1371/journal.pone.0080086 · 2013 · External reference
Kinematics and aerodynamics of avian upstrokes during slow flight
2015 · External reference
Beyond robins: aerodynamic analyses of animal flight
10.1098/rsif.2008.0027 · 2008 · External reference
Vortex wakes generated by robins Erithacus rubecula during free flight in a wind tunnel
10.1098/rsif.2005.0091 · 2006 · External reference
Measuring power input, power output and energy conversion efficiency in un-instrumented flying birds
2020 · External reference
The vortex wake of blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla L.) measured using high-speed digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV)
10.1242/jeb.034454 · 2009 · External reference
Mechanical power curve measured in the wake of pied flycatchers indicates modulation of parasite power across flight speeds
10.1098/rsif.2017.0814 · 2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2015 · External reference
Energy conversion efficiency peaks at intermediate flight speed in a migratory songbird
10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.025 · 2025 · External reference
The wake of a jackdaw (Corvus monedula) in slow flight
10.1242/jeb.125.1.287 · 1986 · External reference
The wake of a kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in flapping flight
10.1242/jeb.127.1.59 · 1987 · External reference
A family of vortex wakes generated by a thrush nightingale in free flight in a wind tunnel over its entire natural range of flight speeds
10.1242/jeb.00423 · 2003 · External reference
Structure of the vortex wake in hovering Anna’s hummingbirds (Calypte anna)
2013 · External reference
Bat flight: aerodynamics, kinematics and flight morphology
10.1242/jeb.031203 · 2015 · External reference
Elytra boost lift, but reduce aerodynamic efficiency in flying beetles
10.1098/rsif.2012.0053 · 2012 · External reference
The power-speed relationship is U-shaped in two free-flying hawkmoths (Manduca sexta)
10.1098/rsif.2017.0372 · 2017 · External reference
Three-dimensional simulation for fast forward flight of a calliope hummingbird
10.1098/rsos.160230 · 2016 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Bat flight
10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.002 · 2015 · External reference
Comparing aerodynamic efficiency in birds and bats suggests better flight performance in birds
10.1371/journal.pone.0037335 · 2012 · External reference
Aerodynamic investigation and modeling of dynamic variable sweep wing at low Reynolds number
10.1063/5.0255492 · 2025 · External reference
Robotic avian wing explains aerodynamic advantages of wing folding and stroke tilting in flapping flight
10.1002/aisy.202200148 · 2023 · External reference
Flapping states of a flag in an inviscid fluid: bistability and the transition to chaos
10.1103/physrevlett.100.074301 · 2008 · External reference
Changes in kinematics and aerodynamics over a range of speeds in Tadarida brasiliensis, the Brazilian free-tailed bat
10.1098/rsif.2011.0838 · 2012 · External reference
Wake structure and kinematics in two insectivorous bats
10.1098/rstb.2015.0385 · 2016 · External reference
Kinematics and wing shape across flight speed in the bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
10.1242/bio.20122964 · 2012 · External reference
Kinematics of flight and the relationship to the vortex wake of a Pallas’ long tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina)
10.1242/jeb.029777 · 2010 · External reference
Actuator disk model and span efficiency of flapping flight in bats based on time-resolved PIV measurements
10.1007/s00348-011-1067-5 · 2011 · External reference
On the inviscid rolled-up structure of lift-generated vortices
10.2514/3.60277 · 1973 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2007 · External reference
Extremely low daylight sea-crossing flights of a nocturnal migrant
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad225 · 2023 · External reference
Flight in ground effect dramatically reduces aerodynamic costs in bats
10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.011 · 2018 · External reference
A new low-turbulence wind tunnel for bird flight experiments at Lund University, Sweden
10.1242/jeb.200.10.1441 · 1997 · External reference
A note on wind-tunnel turbulence measurements with DPIV
10.1007/s00348-008-0578-1 · 2008 · External reference
Aerodynamic efficiency explains flapping strategies used by birds
10.1073/pnas.2410048121 · 2024 · External reference
The aerodynamic cost of flight in the short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata): comparing theory with measurement
10.1098/rsif.2014.0147 · 2014 · External reference
Butterflies fly using efficient propulsive clap mechanism owing to flexible wings
10.1098/rsif.2020.0854 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2000 · External reference
Aerodynamic efficiency of flapping flight: analysis of a two-stroke model
10.1242/jeb.013797 · 2008 · External reference
DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning
10.1038/s41593-018-0209-y · 2018 · External reference
Software techniques for two- and three-dimensional kinematic measurements of biological and biomimetic systems
10.1088/1748-3182/3/3/034001 · 2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2024 · External reference
Robustness of linear mixed‐effects models to violations of distributional assumptions
10.1111/2041-210x.13434 · 2020 · External reference
Model-order selection: a review of information criterion rules
10.1109/msp.2004.1311138 · 2004 · External reference
Proximity of breeding and foraging areas affects foraging effort of a crepuscular, insectivorous bird
10.1038/s41598-018-21321-0 · 2018 · External reference