Research graph
References from Hibernating or not hibernating? Brown bears’ response to a mismatch between environmental natural cues and captive management, and its welfare implications. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
(IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group) 2016. Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Isolated Populations (Supplementary Material to Ursus arctos Redlisting account)
2016 · External reference
Movement and activity patterns of a European brown bear in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain
1990 · External reference
Effect of season and high ambient temperature on activity levels and patterns of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos)
10.1371/journal.pone.0117734 · 2015 · External reference
Drivers of hibernation in the brown bear
10.1186/s12983-016-0140-6 · 2016 · External reference
Seasonal patterns in the physiology of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) in Finland
10.1016/0300-9629(94)90222-4 · 1994 · External reference
Patterns of weight gain and loss for grizzly bears in northern Canada
1983 · External reference
Brown bear body mass and growth in northern and southern Europe
10.1007/s00442-007-0715-1 · 2007 · External reference
Monitoring the wild black bear’s reaction to human and environmental stressors
10.1186/1472-6793-11-13 · 2011 · External reference
Cardiac adaptation in hibernating, free-ranging Scandinavian Brown Bears (Ursus arctos)
10.1038/s41598-019-57126-y · 2020 · External reference
Hypothyroidism in hibernating brown bears
10.1186/s13044-022-00144-2 · 2023 · External reference
Action plan for the conservation of the brown bear in Europe. Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats (Bern convention)
2000 · External reference
Temporal organization of activity in the brown bear (Ursus arctos): roles of circadian rhythms, light, and food entrainment
10.1152/ajpregu.00313.2012 · 2012 · External reference
Seasonal and annual variation in the food habits of Apennine brown bears, central Italy
10.1644/13-mamm-a-218 · 2014 · External reference
Denning chronology of female brown bears in central Sweden
2001 · External reference
Brown bear food habits at the border of its range: a long-term study
10.1644/05-mamm-a-318r2.1 · 2006 · External reference
Physiology of hibernating bears
1976 · External reference
The bear-berry connection: Ecological and management implications of brown bears’ food habits in a highly touristic protected area
10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109376 · 2021 · External reference
Denning in brown bears
10.1002/ece3.6372 · 2020 · External reference
Why bears hibernate? Redefining the scaling energetics of hibernation
10.1098/rspb.2022.0456 · 2022 · External reference
Seasonality in Biological Rhythms in Scandinavian brown Bears
10.3389/fphys.2022.785706 · 2022 · External reference
Denning behaviour of Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos
10.2981/0909-6396(2005)11[123:dbosbb]2.0.co;2 · 2005 · External reference
The seasonal sensitivity of brown bear denning phenology in response to climatic variability
10.1186/s12983-018-0286-5 · 2018 · External reference
Ecological plasticity of denning chronology by American black bears and brown bears
10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00750 · 2019 · External reference
Hibernation and hemostasis
10.3389/fphys.2023.1207003 · 2023 · External reference
Circadian gene transcription plays a role in cellular metabolism in hibernating brown bears, Ursus arctos
10.1007/s00360-023-01513-5 · 2023 · External reference
Assessing animal welfare at the farm and group level: the interplay of science and values
10.1017/s0962728600026038 · 2003 · External reference
Assessing animal welfare: different philosophies, different scientific approaches
10.1002/zoo.20253 · 2009 · External reference
Extending ideas about animal welfare assessment to include ‘quality of life’ and related concepts
10.1080/00480169.2011.610283 · 2011 · External reference
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/22/EC
1999 · External reference
The effects of hibernation and captivity on glucose metabolism and thyroid hormones in American black bear (Ursus americanus)
10.1638/2012-0146r1.1 · 2013 · External reference
Seasonal and daily activity of two zoo-housed grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)
10.3390/jzbg1010001 · 2020 · External reference
Hibernation exhibit for Japanese black bear Ursus thibetanus japonicus at Ueno Zoological Gardens
10.1111/j.1748-1090.2009.00088.x · 2010 · External reference
Hibernation behaviour and ethogram of captive Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus)
10.17221/135/2019-vetmed · 2020 · External reference
Black bear denning ecology in interior Alaska
1994 · External reference
Denning behavior of black bears in boreal forest of Alberta
10.2307/3808314 · 1980 · External reference
Denning characteristics of brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska
1990 · External reference
Winter sleep with room service: denning behaviour of brown bears with access to anthropogenic food
10.1111/jzo.12421 · 2017 · External reference
Losing seasonal patterns in a hibernating omnivore? Diet quality proxies and faecal cortisol metabolites in brown bears in areas with and without artificial feeding
10.1371/journal.pone.0242341 · 2020 · External reference
Regulation of metabolism during hibernation in brown bears (Ursus arctos): involvement of cortisol, PGC-1α and AMPK in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle
10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110591 · 2020 · External reference
Endocrine rhythms in the brown bear (Ursus arctos): Evidence supporting selection 701 for decreased pineal gland size
2013 · External reference
The brain and the stress axis: the neural correlates of cortisol regulation in response to stress
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.074 · 2009 · External reference
Low protein diet up-regulate intramuscular lipogenic gene expression and down-regulate lipolytic gene expression in growth-finishing pigs
10.1016/j.livsci.2012.05.018 · 2012 · External reference
The effects of glucocorticoids on adipose tissue lipid metabolism
10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.012 · 2011 · External reference
Seasonal serum glucose, progesterone, and cortisol levels of black bears (Ursus americanus)
10.1139/z90-025 · 1990 · External reference
Differential Changes in Circulating Steroid Hormones in Hibernating Brown Bears: Preliminary Conclusions and Caveats
10.1086/721154 · 2022 · External reference
Insulin and glucagon responses in the hibernating black bear
1983 · External reference
Ecological flexibility of brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska
10.2192/ursus-d-10-00022.1 · 2012 · External reference
Plasticity in physiological condition of female brown bears across diverse ecosystems
10.1007/s00300-017-2238-5 · 2018 · External reference
Can offsetting the energetic cost of hibernation restore an active season phenotype in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)?
10.1242/jeb.242560 · 2021 · External reference
Winter blood values of selected parameters in a group of non-hibernating captive brown bears (Ursus arctos)
10.1515/pjvs-2015-0116 · 2015 · External reference
Visitors’ effects on the welfare of animals in the zoo: A review
10.1080/10888700701313595 · 2007 · External reference
A comprehensive investigation of negative visitor behaviour in the zoo setting and captive animals’ behavioural response
2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Bearly’changing with the seasons: Bears of five species show few behavioral changes across seasons and at varying visitor densities
10.26451/abc.08.04.07.2021 · 2021 · External reference
The visitor effect on zoo animals: Implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare
10.3390/ani9060366 · 2019 · External reference
Comparing Space Use and Fecal Glucocorticoid Concentrations during and after the COVID-19 Closure to Investigate Visitor Effects in Multiple Species
10.3390/jzbg3030026 · 2022 · External reference
Stereotypic behavior in Asiatic black and Malayan sun bears
10.1002/zoo.20027 · 2004 · External reference
Comparison of the behaviour of European brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) in six different parks, with particular attention to stereotypies
10.1016/j.beproc.2004.02.008 · 2004 · External reference
The effects of automated scatter feeders on captive grizzly bear activity budgets
10.1080/10888705.2013.856767 · 2014 · External reference
A work‐for‐food enrichment program increases exploration and decreases stereotypies in four species of bears
10.1002/zoo.21391 · 2018 · External reference
Behavioral Changes of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) during COVID-19 Zoo Closures and Further Reopening to the Public
10.3390/jzbg3020021 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1993 · External reference
The effectiveness of indigestible markers for identifying individual animal feces and their prevalence of use in North American zoos
10.1002/zoo.20339 · 2011 · External reference
Effect of breed, cage type, and reproductive phase on fecal corticosterone levels in doe rabbits
10.1080/10888705.2013.768903 · 2013 · External reference
Effects of stocking density and environmental enrichment on behavior and fecal corticosteroid levels of pigs under commercial farm conditions
10.1016/j.jveb.2015.05.002 · 2015 · External reference
Development of a noninvasive photograph-based method for the evaluation of body condition in free-ranging brown bears
10.7717/peerj.9982 · 2020 · External reference
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
10.1038/nmeth.2089 · 2012 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling
10.32614/rj-2017-066 · 2017 · External reference
Beta regression for modelling rates and proportions
10.1080/0266476042000214501 · 2004 · External reference
Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4
10.18637/jss.v067.i01 · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
Peanuts as functional food: a review
10.1007/s13197-015-2007-9 · 2016 · External reference
Contrasting activity patterns of sympatric and allopatric black and grizzly bears
10.2193/2009-571 · 2010 · External reference
Activity of black bears in the great smoky mountains national park
10.2307/1379952 · 1980 · External reference
Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears
1990 · External reference
Ursus arctos
10.2307/3504138 · 1993 · External reference
Behavioral flexibility as a mechanism for coping with climate change
10.1002/fee.1502 · 2017 · External reference
Evaluation of body condition using body mass and chest girth 771 in brown bears of Hokkaido, Japan (Ursus arctos yesoensis)
2018 · External reference
Glucocorticoids and insulin resistance: old hormones, new targets
10.1042/cs0960513 · 1999 · External reference
Bear status survey and conservation action plan
1999 · External reference
Cardiac function adaptations in hibernating grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis)
10.1007/s00360-009-0421-x · 2010 · External reference
Hibernation
10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.062 · 2013 · External reference
Daily torpor and hibernation in birds and mammals
10.1111/brv.12137 · 2015 · External reference
Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor
10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105 · 2004 · External reference
Energetics of hibernation and reproductive trade-offs in brown bears
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.09.002 · 2013 · External reference
