Research graph
References from Beyond deficit and coexistence: Modeling the knowledge–conspiracy–mistrust configuration in public understanding of science. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Scientific literacy: a conceptual and empirical review
1983 · External reference
The measurement of civic scientific literacy
10.1088/0963-6625/7/3/001 · 1998 · External reference
The conceptualization and measurement of civic scientific literacy for the twenty-first century.
2010 · External reference
Knowledges in context
10.1177/016224399101600108 · 1991 · External reference
Technologies of humility: citizen participation in governing science
10.1023/a:1025557512320 · 2003 · External reference
10.1017/cbo9780511563737
10.1017/cbo9780511563737 · 1996 · External reference
From deficit to democracy (re-visited)
10.1177/0963662513510646 · 2014 · External reference
The third wave of science studies: Studies of expertise and experience
10.1177/0306312702032002003 · 2002 · External reference
The lure of the “grand challenge”
2017 · External reference
Publics and their participation in science and technology
2005 · External reference
Science in society: re-evaluating the deficit model
10.1177/0963662504042690 · 2004 · External reference
A test of three theories of anti-science attitudes
10.1080/00380237.2008.10571338 · 2008 · External reference
The cognitive dimension of public perceptions of science: methodological issues
10.1177/0963662504045002 · 2004 · External reference
Gender differences in scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science
10.1088/0963-6625/9/4/306 · 2000 · External reference
Science knowledge and attitudes across cultures: a meta-analysis
10.1177/0963662506070159 · 2008 · External reference
Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics
10.1073/pnas.1704882114 · 2017 · External reference
The relationship between knowledge and attitudes in the public understanding of science in Britain
10.1088/0963-6625/4/1/004 · 1995 · External reference
Attitudes toward science among the European public: a methodological analysis
10.1088/0963-6625/11/2/305 · 2002 · External reference
Not all skepticism is equal
10.1177/0146167217741314 · 2018 · External reference
Cultural cognition of scientific consensus
10.1080/13669877.2010.511246 · 2011 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2009 · External reference
Dimensional structure of contaminated mindware
2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Belief in conspiracy theories
10.2307/3791630 · 1994 · External reference
Conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscience acceptance
10.1002/acp.3042 · 2014 · External reference
NASA faked the moon landing—therefore, (climate) science is a hoax
10.1177/0956797612457686 · 2013 · External reference
The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction
10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y · 2022 · External reference
Looking under the tinfoil hat
10.1111/jopy.12588 · 2021 · External reference
Unanswered questions
2011 · External reference
Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries
10.1038/s41562-021-01258-7 · 2022 · External reference
Conspiracy theories: causes and cures
10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00325.x · 2009 · External reference
Conspiracy theories and the paranoid style(s) of mass opinion
10.1111/ajps.12084 · 2014 · External reference
At least bias is bipartisan: a meta-analytic comparison of partisan bias in liberals and conservatives
10.1177/1745691617746796 · 2019 · External reference
A systematic review and meta-analysis of conspiracy beliefs
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00205 · 2019 · External reference
Contesting epistemic authority: conspiracy theories on the boundaries of science
10.1177/0963662514559891 · 2015 · External reference
Conspiracy theories as quasi-religious mentality
2017 · External reference
Trusting institutions
2018 · External reference
Understanding conspiracy theories
10.1111/pops.12568 · 2019 · External reference
Belief in pseudoscience, cognitive style and science literacy
10.1002/acp.3136 · 2015 · External reference
Relationship between scientific knowledge and fortune-telling
10.1177/0963662514522169 · 2014 · External reference
I have faith in science and in god
2018 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1961 · External reference
The rehabilitation of common sense
10.1111/j.1468-5914.2008.00378.x · 2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2001 · External reference
10.1007/978-1-137-07263-4
10.1007/978-1-137-07263-4 · 2005 · External reference
Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research
10.1177/1558689806290531 · 2007 · External reference
A social representation is not a quiet thing
10.1348/014466605x43777 · 2006 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2007 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1975 · External reference
Injustice without evidence
10.1007/s11211-021-00376-x · 2022 · External reference
Mistrust and misinformation: a two-component, socio-epistemic model of belief in conspiracy theories
10.5964/jspp.v8i2.1362 · 2020 · External reference
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001 · 2007 · External reference
Beyond misinformation
10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.07.008 · 2017 · External reference
Fighting misinformation on social media
2020 · External reference
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199351800.001.0001
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199351800.001.0001 · 2014 · External reference
Exposure to intergroup conspiracy theories promotes prejudice which spreads across groups
10.1111/bjop.12385 · 2020 · External reference
The elite is up to something
10.1111/spsr.12270 · 2017 · External reference
Science-related populism
10.1177/0963662520924259 · 2020 · External reference
The legitimacy of science and the populist backlash
10.1177/09636625221093897 · 2022 · External reference
The public trust in science scale: a multilevel and multidimensional approach
10.1177/10755470241302758 · 2025 · External reference
The legitimacy of science.
2010 · External reference
Public perceptions of science and technology
1997 · External reference
The conspiratorial mind: a meta-analytic review of motivational and personological correlates
10.1037/bul0000392 · 2023 · External reference
Why education predicts decreased belief in conspiracy theories
10.1002/acp.3301 · 2017 · External reference
A science confidence gap: education, trust in scientific methods, and trust in scientific institutions in the United States, 2014
10.1177/0963662515617367 · 2017 · External reference
Conspiracy beliefs and science skepticism
2022 · External reference
Pseudoscientific beliefs and authoritarianism
2020 · External reference
Citizen beliefs about scientific authority
2020 · External reference
Vaccine conspiracy beliefs and trust
2021 · External reference
Beliefs about scientists
2021 · External reference
Repurposing scientific authority
2021 · External reference
The psychology of conspiracy theories
2013 · External reference
Alternative measures of science attitudes
10.1177/016224390002500102 · 2000 · External reference
Deference to scientific authority
2007 · External reference
The politicization of science
2010 · External reference
European public understanding of science
1994 · External reference
Public understanding of science in Britain
2000 · External reference
Cultural context moderates science knowledge effects
2022 · External reference
European regions and the knowledge deficit model.
2002 · External reference
Citizens and conspiratorial anti-science beliefs across Europe
10.1177/09636625241245371 · 2024 · External reference
Belief in science-related conspiracy theories is not just a matter of knowledge: the democratic quality of countries as a protective factor
10.1371/journal.pone.0338384 · 2025 · External reference
Knowledge, values, and public attitudes toward science
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1949 · External reference
A longitudinal analysis of conspiracy beliefs and Covid-19 health responses
10.1017/s0033291722002938 · 2023 · External reference
Science and god: an automatic opposition between ultimate explanations
10.1016/j.jesp.2008.07.013 · 2009 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1970 · External reference
Who are the conspiracy theorists? Demographics and conspiracy theories.
10.4324/9780429452734-3_1 · 2020 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling
10.18637/jss.v048.i02 · 2012 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
The social consequences of conspiracism: exposure to conspiracy theories decreases intentions to engage in politics and to reduce one’s carbon footprint
10.1111/bjop.12018 · 2014 · External reference
Conspiracy theories and institutional trust: examining the role of uncertainty avoidance and active social media use
10.1111/pops.12754 · 2022 · External reference
The relationship between social media use and beliefs in conspiracy theories and misinformation
10.1007/s11109-021-09734-6 · 2023 · External reference
10.2307/j.ctv1ghv4s4
10.2307/j.ctv1ghv4s4 · 2021 · External reference
Epistemic vigilance
10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01394.x · 2010 · External reference
The psychology of conspiracy theories
10.1177/0963721417718261 · 2017 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
Who supports science-related populism? A nationally representative survey on the prevalence and explanatory factors of populist attitudes toward science in Switzerland
2022 · External reference
An existential threat model of conspiracy theories
10.1027/1016-9040/a000381 · 2020 · External reference
Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments
10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121 · 1999 · External reference
10.4324/9781003120940
10.4324/9781003120940 · 2022 · External reference
Trust in science and scientists: implications for (higher) education.
2021 · External reference
A comparative study of inequality and corruption
10.1177/000312240507000107 · 2005 · External reference
Conspiracy theories and the conspiracy mindset: implications for political ideology
10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.02.015 · 2020 · External reference
Cross-national differences in willingness to believe conspiracy theories
10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101391 · 2022 · External reference
Conspiratorial thinking and political constraint
10.1093/poq/nfz032 · 2019 · External reference
Do I think BLS data are BS? The consequences of conspiracy theories
10.1007/s11109-014-9287-z · 2015 · External reference
Anti-immigration conspiracy beliefs are associated with endorsement of conventional and violent actions opposing immigration and attitudes towards democracy across 21 countries
10.1038/s44271-025-00246-1 · 2025 · External reference
Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance
10.1002/ejsp.2888 · 2023 · External reference
Developing valid knowledge scales
10.2307/2669369 · 2001 · External reference
Conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscience acceptance
10.1002/acp.3042 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Belief in pseudoscience, cognitive style and science literacy
10.1002/acp.3136 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Why education predicts decreased belief in conspiracy theories
10.1002/acp.3301 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance
10.1002/ejsp.2888 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1007/978-1-137-07263-4
10.1007/978-1-137-07263-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Do I think BLS data are BS? The consequences of conspiracy theories
10.1007/s11109-014-9287-z · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relationship between social media use and beliefs in conspiracy theories and misinformation
10.1007/s11109-021-09734-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Injustice without evidence
10.1007/s11211-021-00376-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Conspiracy theories and the conspiracy mindset: implications for political ideology
10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.02.015 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cross-national differences in willingness to believe conspiracy theories
10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101391 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Beyond misinformation
10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.07.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Science and god: an automatic opposition between ultimate explanations
10.1016/j.jesp.2008.07.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1017/cbo9780511563737
10.1017/cbo9780511563737 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A longitudinal analysis of conspiracy beliefs and Covid-19 health responses
10.1017/s0033291722002938 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Technologies of humility: citizen participation in governing science
10.1023/a:1025557512320 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An existential threat model of conspiracy theories
10.1027/1016-9040/a000381 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments
10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The conspiratorial mind: a meta-analytic review of motivational and personological correlates
10.1037/bul0000392 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries
10.1038/s41562-021-01258-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction
10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Anti-immigration conspiracy beliefs are associated with endorsement of conventional and violent actions opposing immigration and attitudes towards democracy across 21 countries
10.1038/s44271-025-00246-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics
10.1073/pnas.1704882114 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A test of three theories of anti-science attitudes
10.1080/00380237.2008.10571338 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cultural cognition of scientific consensus
10.1080/13669877.2010.511246 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Attitudes toward science among the European public: a methodological analysis
10.1088/0963-6625/11/2/305 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The relationship between knowledge and attitudes in the public understanding of science in Britain
10.1088/0963-6625/4/1/004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The measurement of civic scientific literacy
10.1088/0963-6625/7/3/001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gender differences in scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science
10.1088/0963-6625/9/4/306 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199351800.001.0001
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199351800.001.0001 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Conspiratorial thinking and political constraint
10.1093/poq/nfz032 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Conspiracy theories and the paranoid style(s) of mass opinion
10.1111/ajps.12084 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The social consequences of conspiracism: exposure to conspiracy theories decreases intentions to engage in politics and to reduce one’s carbon footprint
10.1111/bjop.12018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exposure to intergroup conspiracy theories promotes prejudice which spreads across groups
10.1111/bjop.12385 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Conspiracy theories: causes and cures
10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00325.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Epistemic vigilance
10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01394.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The rehabilitation of common sense
10.1111/j.1468-5914.2008.00378.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Looking under the tinfoil hat
10.1111/jopy.12588 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Understanding conspiracy theories
10.1111/pops.12568 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Conspiracy theories and institutional trust: examining the role of uncertainty avoidance and active social media use
10.1111/pops.12754 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The elite is up to something
10.1111/spsr.12270 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A comparative study of inequality and corruption
10.1177/000312240507000107 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Not all skepticism is equal
10.1177/0146167217741314 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Alternative measures of science attitudes
10.1177/016224390002500102 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Knowledges in context
10.1177/016224399101600108 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The third wave of science studies: Studies of expertise and experience
10.1177/0306312702032002003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
NASA faked the moon landing—therefore, (climate) science is a hoax
10.1177/0956797612457686 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Science in society: re-evaluating the deficit model
10.1177/0963662504042690 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The cognitive dimension of public perceptions of science: methodological issues
10.1177/0963662504045002 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Science knowledge and attitudes across cultures: a meta-analysis
10.1177/0963662506070159 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
From deficit to democracy (re-visited)
10.1177/0963662513510646 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Relationship between scientific knowledge and fortune-telling
10.1177/0963662514522169 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Contesting epistemic authority: conspiracy theories on the boundaries of science
10.1177/0963662514559891 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A science confidence gap: education, trust in scientific methods, and trust in scientific institutions in the United States, 2014
10.1177/0963662515617367 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Science-related populism
10.1177/0963662520924259 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The legitimacy of science and the populist backlash
10.1177/09636625221093897 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Citizens and conspiratorial anti-science beliefs across Europe
10.1177/09636625241245371 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The psychology of conspiracy theories
10.1177/0963721417718261 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The public trust in science scale: a multilevel and multidimensional approach
10.1177/10755470241302758 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research
10.1177/1558689806290531 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
At least bias is bipartisan: a meta-analytic comparison of partisan bias in liberals and conservatives
10.1177/1745691617746796 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A social representation is not a quiet thing
10.1348/014466605x43777 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Belief in science-related conspiracy theories is not just a matter of knowledge: the democratic quality of countries as a protective factor
10.1371/journal.pone.0338384 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling
10.18637/jss.v048.i02 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Developing valid knowledge scales
10.2307/2669369 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Belief in conspiracy theories
10.2307/3791630 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.2307/j.ctv1ghv4s4
10.2307/j.ctv1ghv4s4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A systematic review and meta-analysis of conspiracy beliefs
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00205 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Who are the conspiracy theorists? Demographics and conspiracy theories.
10.4324/9780429452734-3_1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.4324/9781003120940
10.4324/9781003120940 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mistrust and misinformation: a two-component, socio-epistemic model of belief in conspiracy theories
10.5964/jspp.v8i2.1362 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
