Research graph
References from Identification of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) as a B7-H4 binding partner and characterization of their glycosylation-dependent interaction that modulates T cell signaling within a multi-ligand/receptor network. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
B7x: a widely expressed B7 family member that inhibits T cell activation
10.1073/pnas.1434299100 · 2003 · External reference
B7-H4, a molecule of the B7 family, negatively regulates T cell immunity
10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00152-3 · 2003 · External reference
B7S1, a novel B7 family member that negatively regulates T cell activation
10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00147-x · 2003 · External reference
Suppression of Human T-Cell Responses to β-Cells by Activation of B7-H4 Pathway
10.3727/000000006783981837 · 2006 · External reference
The immunomodulatory protein B7-H4 is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers and promotes epithelial cell transformation
10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.01.018 · 2005 · External reference
The B7-H4 gene induces immune escape partly via upregulating the PD-1/Stat3 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.004 · 2020 · External reference
B7-H4 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer and correlates with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
10.1186/s12885-022-10159-5 · 2022 · External reference
The loss of B7-H4 expression in breast cancer cells escaping from T cell cytotoxicity contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
10.1186/s13058-023-01721-5 · 2023 · External reference
B7-H4 expression identifies a novel suppressive macrophage population in human ovarian carcinoma
10.1084/jem.20050930 · 2006 · External reference
Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint families: new biology and clinical therapeutic strategies
10.1038/s41423-023-01019-8 · 2023 · External reference
BTLA is a lymphocyte inhibitory receptor with similarities to CTLA-4 and PD-1
10.1038/ni944 · 2003 · External reference
A coreceptor interaction between the CD28 and TNF receptor family members B and T lymphocyte attenuator and herpesvirus entry mediator
10.1073/pnas.0409071102 · 2005 · External reference
B and T lymphocyte attenuator regulates T cell activation through interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator
10.1038/ni1144 · 2005 · External reference
B7-H4 modulates regulatory CD4 T cell induction and function via ligation of a semaphorin 3a/plexin A4/neuropilin-1 complex
10.4049/jimmunol.1700811 · 2018 · External reference
Co-inhibitory Molecule B7 Superfamily Member 1 Expressed by Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Induces Dysfunction of Anti-tumor CD8+ T Cells
2018 · External reference
Intracellular galectin-9 enhances proximal TCR signaling and potentiates autoimmune diseases
10.4049/jimmunol.1901114 · 2020 · External reference
Galectin-9 suppresses B cell receptor signaling and is regulated by I-branching of N-glycans
10.1038/s41467-018-05770-9 · 2018 · External reference
Intracellular Galectin-9 Controls dendritic cell function by maintaining plasma membrane rigidity
10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.019 · 2019 · External reference
The role of galectins in immunity and infection
10.1038/s41577-022-00829-7 · 2023 · External reference
The immunologic advantage of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the viewpoint of Galectin-9/Tim-3-related changes in the tumour microenvironment
10.1038/s41598-017-10386-y · 2017 · External reference
A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9)
10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.020 · 2022 · External reference
Galectins as pivotal components in oncogenesis and immune exclusion in human malignancies
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145268 · 2023 · External reference
The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity
10.1038/ni1271 · 2005 · External reference
Galectin-9 interacts with PD-1 and TIM-3 to regulate T cell death and is a target for cancer immunotherapy
10.1038/s41467-021-21099-2 · 2021 · External reference
The ligation between ERMAP, galectin-9 and dectin-2 promotes Kupffer cell phagocytosis and antitumor immunity
10.1038/s41590-023-01634-7 · 2023 · External reference
Galectin-9-CD44 interaction enhances stability and function of adaptive regulatory T cells
10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.011 · 2014 · External reference
Galectin-9 mediates neutrophil capture and adhesion in a CD44 and β2 integrin-dependent manner
10.1096/fj.202100832r · 2022 · External reference
A pH-dependent anti-CD47 antibody that selectively targets solid tumors and improves therapeutic efficacy and safety
10.1186/s13045-023-01399-4 · 2023 · External reference
Pharmacologic Suppression of B7-H4 Glycosylation Restores Antitumor Immunity in Immune-Cold Breast Cancers
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0402 · 2020 · External reference
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for the creation of an MGAT1-deficient CHO cell line to control HIV-1 vaccine glycosylation
10.1371/journal.pbio.2005817 · 2018 · External reference
Immunomodulation by galectin-9: Distinct role in T cell populations, current therapeutic avenues and future potential
10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104890 · 2025 · External reference
Galectin-9 expression defines exhausted T cells and impaired cytotoxic NK cells in patients with virus-associated solid tumors
10.1136/jitc-2020-001849 · 2020 · External reference
Galectin-9 induces apoptosis through the calcium-calpain-caspase-1 pathway
10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3631 · 2003 · External reference
Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 reduces IL-17 level and accelerates Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.03.005 · 2011 · External reference
Galectin-9 regulates T helper cell function independently of Tim-3
10.1093/glycob/cwq214 · 2011 · External reference
Impact of Exogenous Galectin-9 on Human T Cells: contribution of the t cell receptor complex to antigen-independent activation but not to apoptosis induction
10.1074/jbc.m115.661272 · 2015 · External reference
An enigmatic tail of CD28 signaling
10.1101/cshperspect.a002436 · 2010 · External reference
Unifying concepts in CD28, ICOS and CTLA4 co-receptor signalling
10.1038/nri1131 · 2003 · External reference
CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction
10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00770.x · 2009 · External reference
Genomic expression programs and the integration of the CD28 costimulatory signal in T cell activation
10.1073/pnas.092284399 · 2002 · External reference
Enhanced NFATc1 nuclear occupancy causes T cell activation independent of CD28 costimulation
10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4315 · 2007 · External reference
B7H4 expression in tumor cells impairs CD8 T cell responses and tumor immunity
10.1007/s00262-019-02451-4 · 2020 · External reference
B7-H4 Immune Checkpoint Protein Affects Viability and Targeted Therapy of Renal Cancer Cells
10.3390/cells11091448 · 2022 · External reference
B7-H4 expression associates with cancer progression and predicts patient’s survival in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
10.1007/s00262-011-1017-3 · 2011 · External reference
Clinical significance of the B7-H4 coregulatory molecule as a novel prognostic marker in gastric cancer
10.1007/s00268-011-1186-4 · 2011 · External reference
B7-h4 expression in human melanoma: its association with patients’ survival and antitumor immune response
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2268 · 2011 · External reference
Progestogen-driven B7-H4 contributes to onco-fetal immune tolerance
2024 · External reference
B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4)-directed agents in oncology clinical trials: A review
10.36401/jipo-24-34 · 2025 · External reference
A B7-H4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate shows antitumor activity in PARPi and platinum-resistant cancers with B7-H4 expression
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1079 · 2024 · External reference
Epithelial Expressed B7-H4 Drives Differential Immunotherapy Response in Murine and Human Breast Cancer
10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0468 · 2024 · External reference
Structure and cancer immunotherapy of the B7 family member B7x
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.053 · 2014 · External reference
Generation and characterization of B7-H4/B7S1/B7x-deficient mice
10.1128/mcb.00755-06 · 2006 · External reference
Host b7x promotes pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer
10.4049/jimmunol.1202439 · 2013 · External reference
Host B7-H4 regulates antitumor T cell responses through inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a 4T1 tumor transplantation model
10.4049/jimmunol.1201242 · 2013 · External reference
Tissue-expressed B7x affects the immune response to and outcome of lethal pulmonary infection
10.4049/jimmunol.1200701 · 2012 · External reference
Tissue-specific expression of B7x protects from CD4 T cell-mediated autoimmunity
10.1084/jem.20100639 · 2011 · External reference
B7x/B7-H4 modulates the adaptive immune response and ameliorates renal injury in antibody-mediated nephritis
10.1111/cei.12452 · 2015 · External reference
Glycosylation in the tumor immune response: the bitter side of sweetness
10.3724/abbs.2024107 · 2024 · External reference
The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-9 contribute differently to its multiple functions in innate immunity and adaptive immunity
10.1016/j.molimm.2010.11.011 · 2011 · External reference
Growth factor-triggered de-sialylation controls glycolipid-lectin-driven endocytosis
10.1038/s41556-025-01616-x · 2025 · External reference
Galectin-3 drives glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers
10.1038/ncb2970 · 2014 · External reference
Rab6-dependent retrograde traffic of LAT controls immune synapse formation and T cell activation
10.1084/jem.20162042 · 2018 · External reference
10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.005
10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.005 · 2023 · External reference
T-cell antigen CD28 interacts with the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by a cytoplasmic Tyr(P)-Met-Xaa-Met motif
10.1073/pnas.91.7.2834 · 1994 · External reference
Binding of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase to CD28 is required for T-cell signalling
10.1038/369327a0 · 1994 · External reference
Deficiency of PTEN in Jurkat T cells causes constitutive localization of Itk to the plasma membrane and hyperresponsiveness to CD3 stimulation
10.1128/mcb.20.18.6945-6957.2000 · 2000 · External reference
The inducible expression of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN promotes apoptosis and decreases cell size by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway in Jurkat T cells
2002 · External reference
Phosphatidylserine binding directly regulates TIM-3 function
10.1042/bcj20210425 · 2021 · External reference
Ligand-Receptor Interactions of Galectin-9 and VISTA suppress human T Lymphocyte Cytotoxic Activity
10.3389/fimmu.2020.580557 · 2020 · External reference
Both N- and C-terminal domains of galectin-9 are capable of inducing HIV reactivation despite mediating differential immunomodulatory functionalities
10.3389/fimmu.2022.994830 · 2022 · External reference
Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade
10.1126/science.271.5256.1734 · 1996 · External reference
B7-H4 expression associates with cancer progression and predicts patient’s survival in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
10.1007/s00262-011-1017-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7H4 expression in tumor cells impairs CD8 T cell responses and tumor immunity
10.1007/s00262-019-02451-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical significance of the B7-H4 coregulatory molecule as a novel prognostic marker in gastric cancer
10.1007/s00268-011-1186-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 reduces IL-17 level and accelerates Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.03.005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immunomodulation by galectin-9: Distinct role in T cell populations, current therapeutic avenues and future potential
10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104890 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structure and cancer immunotherapy of the B7 family member B7x
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.053 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9)
10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.020 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The B7-H4 gene induces immune escape partly via upregulating the PD-1/Stat3 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer
10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.004 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-9-CD44 interaction enhances stability and function of adaptive regulatory T cells
10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.005
10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intracellular Galectin-9 Controls dendritic cell function by maintaining plasma membrane rigidity
10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.019 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-9 contribute differently to its multiple functions in innate immunity and adaptive immunity
10.1016/j.molimm.2010.11.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The immunomodulatory protein B7-H4 is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers and promotes epithelial cell transformation
10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.01.018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7S1, a novel B7 family member that negatively regulates T cell activation
10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00147-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7-H4, a molecule of the B7 family, negatively regulates T cell immunity
10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00152-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Binding of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase to CD28 is required for T-cell signalling
10.1038/369327a0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-3 drives glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers
10.1038/ncb2970 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B and T lymphocyte attenuator regulates T cell activation through interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator
10.1038/ni1144 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity
10.1038/ni1271 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
BTLA is a lymphocyte inhibitory receptor with similarities to CTLA-4 and PD-1
10.1038/ni944 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Unifying concepts in CD28, ICOS and CTLA4 co-receptor signalling
10.1038/nri1131 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint families: new biology and clinical therapeutic strategies
10.1038/s41423-023-01019-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-9 suppresses B cell receptor signaling and is regulated by I-branching of N-glycans
10.1038/s41467-018-05770-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-9 interacts with PD-1 and TIM-3 to regulate T cell death and is a target for cancer immunotherapy
10.1038/s41467-021-21099-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Growth factor-triggered de-sialylation controls glycolipid-lectin-driven endocytosis
10.1038/s41556-025-01616-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of galectins in immunity and infection
10.1038/s41577-022-00829-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The ligation between ERMAP, galectin-9 and dectin-2 promotes Kupffer cell phagocytosis and antitumor immunity
10.1038/s41590-023-01634-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The immunologic advantage of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the viewpoint of Galectin-9/Tim-3-related changes in the tumour microenvironment
10.1038/s41598-017-10386-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Phosphatidylserine binding directly regulates TIM-3 function
10.1042/bcj20210425 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A coreceptor interaction between the CD28 and TNF receptor family members B and T lymphocyte attenuator and herpesvirus entry mediator
10.1073/pnas.0409071102 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Genomic expression programs and the integration of the CD28 costimulatory signal in T cell activation
10.1073/pnas.092284399 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7x: a widely expressed B7 family member that inhibits T cell activation
10.1073/pnas.1434299100 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
T-cell antigen CD28 interacts with the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by a cytoplasmic Tyr(P)-Met-Xaa-Met motif
10.1073/pnas.91.7.2834 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of Exogenous Galectin-9 on Human T Cells: contribution of the t cell receptor complex to antigen-independent activation but not to apoptosis induction
10.1074/jbc.m115.661272 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7-H4 expression identifies a novel suppressive macrophage population in human ovarian carcinoma
10.1084/jem.20050930 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tissue-specific expression of B7x protects from CD4 T cell-mediated autoimmunity
10.1084/jem.20100639 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rab6-dependent retrograde traffic of LAT controls immune synapse formation and T cell activation
10.1084/jem.20162042 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-9 regulates T helper cell function independently of Tim-3
10.1093/glycob/cwq214 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-9 mediates neutrophil capture and adhesion in a CD44 and β2 integrin-dependent manner
10.1096/fj.202100832r · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
An enigmatic tail of CD28 signaling
10.1101/cshperspect.a002436 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7x/B7-H4 modulates the adaptive immune response and ameliorates renal injury in antibody-mediated nephritis
10.1111/cei.12452 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction
10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00770.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade
10.1126/science.271.5256.1734 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Generation and characterization of B7-H4/B7S1/B7x-deficient mice
10.1128/mcb.00755-06 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Deficiency of PTEN in Jurkat T cells causes constitutive localization of Itk to the plasma membrane and hyperresponsiveness to CD3 stimulation
10.1128/mcb.20.18.6945-6957.2000 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-9 expression defines exhausted T cells and impaired cytotoxic NK cells in patients with virus-associated solid tumors
10.1136/jitc-2020-001849 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7-h4 expression in human melanoma: its association with patients’ survival and antitumor immune response
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2268 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A B7-H4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate shows antitumor activity in PARPi and platinum-resistant cancers with B7-H4 expression
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1079 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacologic Suppression of B7-H4 Glycosylation Restores Antitumor Immunity in Immune-Cold Breast Cancers
10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0402 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Epithelial Expressed B7-H4 Drives Differential Immunotherapy Response in Murine and Human Breast Cancer
10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0468 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7-H4 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer and correlates with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
10.1186/s12885-022-10159-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A pH-dependent anti-CD47 antibody that selectively targets solid tumors and improves therapeutic efficacy and safety
10.1186/s13045-023-01399-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The loss of B7-H4 expression in breast cancer cells escaping from T cell cytotoxicity contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
10.1186/s13058-023-01721-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for the creation of an MGAT1-deficient CHO cell line to control HIV-1 vaccine glycosylation
10.1371/journal.pbio.2005817 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Ligand-Receptor Interactions of Galectin-9 and VISTA suppress human T Lymphocyte Cytotoxic Activity
10.3389/fimmu.2020.580557 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Both N- and C-terminal domains of galectin-9 are capable of inducing HIV reactivation despite mediating differential immunomodulatory functionalities
10.3389/fimmu.2022.994830 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectins as pivotal components in oncogenesis and immune exclusion in human malignancies
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145268 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7-H4 Immune Checkpoint Protein Affects Viability and Targeted Therapy of Renal Cancer Cells
10.3390/cells11091448 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4)-directed agents in oncology clinical trials: A review
10.36401/jipo-24-34 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Glycosylation in the tumor immune response: the bitter side of sweetness
10.3724/abbs.2024107 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Suppression of Human T-Cell Responses to β-Cells by Activation of B7-H4 Pathway
10.3727/000000006783981837 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tissue-expressed B7x affects the immune response to and outcome of lethal pulmonary infection
10.4049/jimmunol.1200701 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Host B7-H4 regulates antitumor T cell responses through inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a 4T1 tumor transplantation model
10.4049/jimmunol.1201242 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Host b7x promotes pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer
10.4049/jimmunol.1202439 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Galectin-9 induces apoptosis through the calcium-calpain-caspase-1 pathway
10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3631 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
B7-H4 modulates regulatory CD4 T cell induction and function via ligation of a semaphorin 3a/plexin A4/neuropilin-1 complex
10.4049/jimmunol.1700811 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhanced NFATc1 nuclear occupancy causes T cell activation independent of CD28 costimulation
10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4315 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intracellular galectin-9 enhances proximal TCR signaling and potentiates autoimmune diseases
10.4049/jimmunol.1901114 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
