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References from AZP2006 in Parkinson’s disease models: A promising new neuroprotective treatment involving lysosomal homeostasis and the Progranulin/Prosaposin complex. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, three modes of action of dopaminergic neuron neurotoxins
10.1371/journal.pone.0215277 · 2019 · External reference
The crucial impact of lysosomes in aging and longevity
10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.009 · 2016 · External reference
Alpha-synuclein, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and Lewy bodies: Mutations, propagation, aggregation, and the formation of inclusions
10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107742 · 2024 · External reference
Lysosomal membrane homeostasis and its importance in physiology and disease
10.1038/s41580-025-00873-w · 2026 · External reference
Pro-cathepsin D, prosaposin, and progranulin: lysosomal networks in Parkinsonism
10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.004 · 2020 · External reference
Lysosomal functions of progranulin and implications for treatment of frontotemporal dementia
10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.006 · 2023 · External reference
The lysosomal protein cathepsin L is a progranulin protease
10.1186/s13024-017-0196-6 · 2017 · External reference
Characterization of lysosomal proteins Progranulin and Prosaposin and their interactions in Alzheimer’s disease and aged brains: increased levels correlate with neuropathology
10.1186/s40478-019-0862-8 · 2019 · External reference
Activity-dependent secretion of progranulin from synapses
2013 · External reference
Progranulin promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and reinnervation: role of notch signaling
10.1186/s13024-016-0132-1 · 2016 · External reference
Regulation of lysosomal trafficking of progranulin by sortilin and prosaposin
2022 · External reference
Core features of frontotemporal dementia recapitulated in progranulin knockout mice
10.1016/j.nbd.2011.08.029 · 2012 · External reference
Progranulin reduces insoluble TDP-43 levels, slows down axonal degeneration and prolongs survival in mutant TDP-43 mice
10.1186/s13024-018-0288-y · 2018 · External reference
Progranulin: a proteolytically processed protein at the crossroads of inflammation and neurodegeneration
10.1074/jbc.r112.399170 · 2012 · External reference
Effects of hypoxia on progranulin expression in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells
10.3892/mmr.2014.2016 · 2014 · External reference
Prosaposin is a regulator of progranulin levels and oligomerization
10.1038/ncomms11992 · 2016 · External reference
Prosaposin maintains lipid homeostasis in dopamine neurons and counteracts experimental parkinsonism in rodents
10.1038/s41467-023-41539-5 · 2023 · External reference
Prosaposin: A multifaceted protein orchestrating biological processes and diseases
10.3390/cells14151131 · 2025 · External reference
Plasma progranulin levels predict progranulin mutation status in frontotemporal dementia patients and asymptomatic family members
10.1093/brain/awn352 · 2009 · External reference
Genetic evidence supports therapeutic modulation of progranulin levels in Alzheimer’s disease
10.1186/s44477-025-00011-y · 2026 · External reference
Reduced plasma progranulin levels are associated with the severity of Parkinson’s disease
10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134873 · 2020 · External reference
Mutations in progranulin cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17
10.1038/nature05016 · 2006 · External reference
Prosaposin is a regulator of progranulin levels and oligomerization
10.1038/ncomms11992 · 2016 · External reference
Impaired prosaposin lysosomal trafficking in frontotemporal lobar degeneration due to progranulin mutations
10.1038/ncomms15277 · 2017 · External reference
Prosaposin facilitates sortilin-independent lysosomal trafficking of progranulin
10.1083/jcb.201502029 · 2015 · External reference
AZP2006, a new promising treatment for Alzheimer’s and related diseases
10.1038/s41598-021-94708-1 · 2021 · External reference
AZP2006 in progressive supranuclear palsy: outcomes from a phase 2a multicenter, randomized trial, and open-label extension on safety, biomarkers, and disease progression
10.1002/mds.70049 · 2025 · External reference
Alpha-synuclein: the spark that flames dopaminergic neurons, in vitro and in vivo evidence
10.3390/ijms23179864 · 2022 · External reference
PYM50028, a novel, orally active, nonpeptide neurotrophic factor inducer, prevents and reverses neuronal damage induced by MPP+ in mesencephalic neurons and by MPTP in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
10.1096/fj.07-095398 · 2008 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1997 · External reference
Lysosomal dysfunction in α-synuclein pathology: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
10.1007/s00018-024-05419-5 · 2024 · External reference
Alterations in lysosomal and proteasomal markers in Parkinson’s disease: relationship to alpha-synuclein inclusions
10.1016/j.nbd.2009.05.023 · 2009 · External reference
The role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in Parkinson’s disease
10.1038/nrn2935 · 2010 · External reference
Identification of BAG2 and Cathepsin D as plasma biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease
10.1111/cts.12920 · 2021 · External reference
The lysosomal function of progranulin, a guardian against neurodegeneration
10.1007/s00401-018-1861-8 · 2018 · External reference
Reduced progranulin increases tau and α-synuclein inclusions and alters mouse tauopathy phenotypes via glucocerebrosidase
10.1038/s41467-024-45692-3 · 2024 · External reference
Microglia regulate brain progranulin levels through the endocytosis/lysosomal pathway
10.1172/jci.insight.136147 · 2021 · External reference
Discovery of small molecules that normalize the transcriptome and enhance cysteine cathepsin activity in progranulin-deficient microglia
10.1038/s41598-020-70534-9 · 2020 · External reference
Lysosomotropic drugs: mechanisms of membrane transport and implications for drug delivery
2012 · External reference
AZP2006 (Ezeprogind®): a promising new drug candidate in the battle against neurodegenerative diseases
10.1002/cmdc.202400891 · 2025 · External reference