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References from Lactylation and viral infections: A novel link between metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Posttranslational covalent modification of proteins
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Protein post-translational modification in SARS-CoV-2 and host interaction
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Role of host-mediated post-translational modifications (PTMs) in RNA virus pathogenesis
10.3390/ijms22010323 · 2020 · External reference
Virus-induced histone lactylation promotes virus infection in crustacean
2024 · External reference
Lactate transporters as therapeutic targets in cancer and inflammatory diseases
10.1080/14728222.2018.1511706 · 2018 · External reference
Linking immunoevasion and metabolic reprogramming in B-cell-derived lymphomas
10.3389/fonc.2020.594782 · 2020 · External reference
Lactate is a natural suppressor of RLR signaling by targeting MAVS
10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.003 · 2019 · External reference
Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation
10.1038/s41586-019-1678-1 · 2019 · External reference
BRAFV600E restructures cellular lactylation to promote anaplastic thyroid cancer proliferation
10.1530/erc-22-0344 · 2023 · External reference
Lactate-lactylation hands between metabolic reprogramming and immunosuppression
10.3390/ijms231911943 · 2022 · External reference
Histone lactylation: from tumor lactate metabolism to epigenetic regulation
10.7150/ijbs.91492 · 2024 · External reference
The role of lactylation in virology
10.1016/j.virol.2025.110466 · 2025 · External reference
Comprehensive review on lactate metabolism in human health
10.1016/j.mito.2014.05.007 · 2014 · External reference
L- and D-lactate: unveiling their hidden functions in disease and health
10.1186/s12964-025-02132-z · 2025 · External reference
Lactate metabolism in human lung tumors
10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.019 · 2017 · External reference
Quantitative evaluation of D-lactate pathophysiology: new insights into the mechanisms involved and the many areas in need of further investigation
10.2147/ceg.s260600 · 2020 · External reference
Lactate dehydrogenase D is a general dehydrogenase for D-2-hydroxyacids and is associated with D-lactic acidosis
10.1038/s41467-023-42456-3 · 2023 · External reference
D-lactate associated encephalopathy in short bowel syndrome: management with long-term non-absorbable oral antimicrobials
10.1016/0261-5614(91)90066-l · 1991 · External reference
D-lactate-induced ETosis in cattle polymorphonuclear leucocytes is dependent on the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 and GSK-3β pathways
10.1016/j.dci.2023.104728 · 2023 · External reference
Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1-3) are histone lysine delactylases
10.1126/sciadv.abi6696 · 2022 · External reference
AARS1 and AARS2 sense L-lactate to regulate cGAS as global lysine lactyltransferases
10.1038/s41586-024-07992-y · 2024 · External reference
Activity, regulation, copy number and function in the glyoxalase system
10.1042/bst20140008 · 2014 · External reference
Non-enzymatic lysine lactoylation of glycolytic enzymes
10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.11.005 · 2020 · External reference
Lysine L-lactylation is the dominant lactylation isomer induced by glycolysis
10.1038/s41589-024-01680-8 · 2025 · External reference
Dynamic investigation of hypoxia-induced L-lactylation
2025 · External reference
Lung myofibroblasts promote macrophage profibrotic activity through lactate-induced histone lactylation
10.1165/rcmb.2020-0360oc · 2021 · External reference
Lactate promotes macrophage HMGB1 lactylation, acetylation, and exosomal release in polymicrobial sepsis
10.1038/s41418-021-00841-9 · 2022 · External reference
YiaC and CobB regulate lysine lactylation in Escherichia coli
10.1038/s41467-022-34399-y · 2022 · External reference
ACSS2 acts as a lactyl-CoA synthetase and couples KAT2A to function as a lactyltransferase for histone lactylation and tumor immune evasion
2025 · External reference
High sugar induced RCC2 lactylation drives breast cancer tumorigenicity through upregulating MAD2L1
2025 · External reference
KAT8-catalyzed lactylation promotes eEF1A2-mediated protein synthesis and colorectal carcinogenesis
2024 · External reference
HBO1 catalyzes lysine lactylation and mediates histone H3K9la to regulate gene transcription
10.1038/s41467-024-47900-6 · 2024 · External reference
Hypoxia induces mitochondrial protein lactylation to limit oxidative phosphorylation
10.1038/s41422-023-00864-6 · 2024 · External reference
The alanyl-tRNA synthetase AARS1 moonlights as a lactyltransferase to promote YAP signaling in gastric cancer
2024 · External reference
Histone modifications and cancer
10.1101/cshperspect.a019521 · 2016 · External reference
Uncovering robust delactoylase and depyruvoylase activities of HDAC isoforms
10.1021/acschembio.1c00863 · 2022 · External reference
The role of sirtuins in kidney diseases
2020 · External reference
Lactate metabolism in human health and disease
10.1038/s41392-022-01151-3 · 2022 · External reference
Quantification of lactoyl-CoA (lactyl-CoA) by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in mammalian cells and tissues
10.1098/rsob.200187 · 2020 · External reference
Protein lysine acetylation by p300/CBP
10.1021/cr500452k · 2015 · External reference
Metabolic regulation of cytoskeleton functions by HDAC6-catalyzed α-tubulin lactylation
10.1038/s41467-024-52729-0 · 2024 · External reference
Integrative proteomic analysis of multiple posttranslational modifications in inflammatory response
10.1016/j.gpb.2020.11.004 · 2022 · External reference
Sweet temptation: from sugar metabolism to gene regulation
10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.008 · 2019 · External reference
Glis1 facilitates induction of pluripotency via an epigenome-metabolome-epigenome signalling cascade
10.1038/s42255-020-0267-9 · 2020 · External reference
Aerobic glycolysis promotes T helper 1 cell differentiation through an epigenetic mechanism
10.1126/science.aaf6284 · 2016 · External reference
Histone lactylation: epigenetic mark of glycolytic switch
10.1016/j.tig.2021.09.009 · 2022 · External reference
Systematic analysis of lysine lactylation in the plant fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea
10.3389/fmicb.2020.594743 · 2020 · External reference
Comprehensive analysis of lysine lactylation in rice (Oryza sativa) grains
10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00760 · 2021 · External reference
SIRT5 desuccinylates and activates pyruvate kinase M2 to block macrophage IL-1β production and to prevent DSS-induced colitis in mice
10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.065 · 2017 · External reference
Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates Hif-1α activity and IL-1β induction and is a critical determinant of the warburg effect in LPS-activated macrophages
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.017 · 2015 · External reference
Histone lactylation drives oncogenesis by facilitating m6A reader protein YTHDF2 expression in ocular melanoma
10.1186/s13059-021-02308-z · 2021 · External reference
Tumor-associated macrophages promote oxaliplatin resistance via METTL3-mediated m(6)A of TRAF5 and necroptosis in colorectal cancer
10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00961 · 2021 · External reference
Lactylation-driven METTL3-mediated RNA m6A modification promotes immunosuppression of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.033 · 2022 · External reference
HIV replication is increased by RNA methylation METTL3/METTL14/WTAP complex activators
10.1021/acsomega.1c01626 · 2021 · External reference
N6-methyladenosine RNA modification suppresses antiviral innate sensing pathways via reshaping double-stranded RNA
10.1038/s41467-021-21904-y · 2021 · External reference
N6-methyladenosine-dependent regulation of messenger RNA stability
10.1038/nature12730 · 2014 · External reference
Epitranscriptomic addition of m6A regulates HIV-1 RNA stability and alternative splicing
10.1101/gad.348508.121 · 2021 · External reference
Epitranscriptomic enhancement of influenza A virus gene expression and replication
10.1016/j.chom.2017.08.004 · 2017 · External reference
Microenvironmental metabolism regulates antitumor immunity
10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0617 · 2019 · External reference
Macrophages: friend or foe in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
10.1186/s12931-018-0864-2 · 2018 · External reference
New therapeutic strategies for IPF: Based on the “phagocytosis-secretion-immunization” network regulation mechanism of pulmonary macrophages
10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109230 · 2019 · External reference
TLR signaling adapter BCAP regulates inflammatory to reparatory macrophage transition by promoting histone lactylation
10.1073/pnas.2009778117 · 2020 · External reference
Lactate supports a metabolic-epigenetic link in macrophage polarization
2021 · External reference
In vivo-generated antigen-specific regulatory T cells treat autoimmunity without compromising antibacterial immune response
10.1126/scitranslmed.3008895 · 2014 · External reference
Tumor metabolite lactate promotes tumorigenesis by modulating MOESIN lactylation and enhancing TGF-β signaling in regulatory T cells
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110986 · 2022 · External reference
Lactylation orchestrates ubiquitin-independent degradation of cGAS and promotes tumor growth
10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115441 · 2025 · External reference
CENPA functions as a transcriptional regulator to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression via cooperating with YY1
10.7150/ijbs.85656 · 2023 · External reference
Lactylome analysis unveils lactylation-dependent mechanisms of stemness remodeling in the liver cancer stem cells
2024 · External reference
SIRT3-dependent delactylation of cyclin E2 prevents hepatocellular carcinoma growth
2023 · External reference
Human papillomavirus-16 E6 activates the pentose phosphate pathway to promote cervical cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting G6PD lactylation
10.1016/j.redox.2024.103108 · 2024 · External reference
Lactylation of NAT10 promotes N4-acetylcytidine modification on tRNASer-CGA-1-1 to boost oncogenic DNA virus KSHV reactivation
10.1038/s41418-024-01327-0 · 2024 · External reference
Lactylation of RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 promotes innate immune response to DNA herpesviruses and mpox virus
2024 · External reference
Infection-induced lysine lactylation enables herpesvirus immune evasion
2025 · External reference
Orchestration of protein acetylation as a toggle for cellular defense and virus replication
10.1038/s41467-018-07179-w · 2018 · External reference
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus induces lactylation of m6A reader protein YTHDF1 to facilitate viral replication
10.1038/s44319-024-00310-7 · 2024 · External reference
Lactate-lactylation-HSPA6 axis promotes PRRSV replication by impairing IFN-β production
10.1128/jvi.01670-23 · 2024 · External reference
Hepatitis B virus infection: overview
10.1007/978-981-13-9151-4_1 · 2020 · External reference
Prognostic value of serum lactate kinetics in critically ill patients with cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure: a multicenter study
10.18632/aging.102062 · 2019 · External reference
Serum lactate level predicts 6-months mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis: a retrospective study
2021 · External reference
Serum lactate level predicts short-term and long-term mortality of HBV-ACLF patients: a prospective study
10.2147/tcrm.s272463 · 2020 · External reference
BNIP3L-dependent mitophagy promotes HBx-induced cancer stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via glycolysis metabolism reprogramming
10.3390/cancers12030655 · 2020 · External reference
A broad investigation of the HBV-mediated changes to primary hepatocyte physiology reveals HBV significantly alters metabolic pathways
10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.007 · 2018 · External reference
Aerobic glycolysis enhances HBx-initiated hepatocellular carcinogenesis via NF-κBp65/HK2 signalling
10.1186/s13046-022-02531-x · 2022 · External reference
Tracking HPV infection, associated cancer development, and recent treatment efforts–a comprehensive review
10.3390/vaccines11010102 · 2023 · External reference
Regulation of cellular metabolism by high-risk human papillomaviruses
10.3390/ijms19071839 · 2018 · External reference
Structure of the E6/E6AP/p53 complex required for HPV-mediated degradation of p53
10.1038/nature16481 · 2016 · External reference
MiR-34a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response through targeting Notch1 in murine macrophages
10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.018 · 2012 · External reference
Alternative mechanisms of miR-34a regulation in cancer
10.1038/cddis.2017.495 · 2017 · External reference
HPV E6/p53 mediated down-regulation of miR-34a inhibits Warburg effect through targeting LDHA in cervical cancer
2016 · External reference
Human papillomavirus types in 115,789 HPV-positive women: a meta-analysis from cervical infection to cancer
10.1002/ijc.27485 · 2012 · External reference
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer: role of HPV 16 variants
10.3390/pathogens10030347 · 2021 · External reference
Cyclic immonium ion of lactyllysine reveals widespread lactylation in the human proteome
10.1038/s41592-022-01523-1 · 2022 · External reference
Lactylation stabilizes DCBLD1 activating the pentose phosphate pathway to promote cervical cancer progression
10.1186/s13046-024-02943-x · 2024 · External reference
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: epidemiology and molecular biology
10.1007/978-981-10-5765-6_7 · 2017 · External reference
Induction of the Warburg effect by Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus is required for the maintenance of latently infected endothelial cells
10.1073/pnas.1004882107 · 2010 · External reference
Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus microRNAs induce metabolic transformation of infected cells
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004400 · 2014 · External reference
A viral interferon regulatory factor degrades RNA-binding protein hnRNP Q1 to enhance aerobic glycolysis via recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase KLHL3 and decaying GDPD1 mRNA
10.1038/s41418-022-01011-1 · 2022 · External reference
The MARCH family E3 ubiquitin ligase K5 alters monocyte metabolism and proliferation through receptor tyrosine kinase modulation
10.1371/journal.ppat.1001331 · 2011 · External reference
NAT10-dependent N(4)-acetylcytidine modification mediates PAN RNA stability, KSHV reactivation, and IFI16-related inflammasome activation
10.1038/s41467-023-42135-3 · 2023 · External reference
Monkeypox virus: a neglected zoonotic pathogen spreads globally
10.1038/s41579-022-00776-z · 2022 · External reference
Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins
10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00691.x · 2008 · External reference
Understanding the biology of monkeypox virus to prevent future outbreaks
10.1038/s41564-024-01690-1 · 2024 · External reference
Virus–host protein interactions as footprints of human cytomegalovirus replication
10.1016/j.coviro.2021.11.016 · 2022 · External reference
Charge-mediated pyrin oligomerization nucleates antiviral ifi16 sensing of herpesvirus DNA
2019 · External reference
Acetylation modulates cellular distribution and DNA sensing ability of interferon-inducible protein IFI16
10.1073/pnas.1203447109 · 2012 · External reference
Unraveling the underlying interaction mechanism between dabie bandavirus and innate immune response
10.3389/fimmu.2021.676861 · 2021 · External reference
A longitudinal sampling study of transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles in patients with thrombocytopenia syndrome
10.1038/s41467-021-25804-z · 2021 · External reference
In search of a function for the N6-methyladenosine in epitranscriptome, autophagy and neurodegenerative diseases
10.3390/neurolint15030062 · 2023 · External reference
The structural biology of PRRSV
10.1016/j.virusres.2010.07.029 · 2010 · External reference
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection manipulates central carbon metabolism
10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109674 · 2023 · External reference
Novel roles for GAPDH in cell death and carcinogenesis
10.1038/cdd.2009.137 · 2009 · External reference
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase restricted in cytoplasmic location by viral GP5 facilitates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication via its glycolytic activity
2021 · External reference
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-mediated lactate facilitates virus replication by targeting MAVS
10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109846 · 2023 · External reference
A model for apoptotic interaction between white spot syndrome virus and shrimp
10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.030 · 2013 · External reference
Glutamine metabolism in both the oxidative and reductive directions is triggered in shrimp immune cells (hemocytes) at the WSSV genome replication stage to benefit virus replication
10.3389/fimmu.2019.02102 · 2019 · External reference
The compound packaged in virions is the key to trigger host glycolysis machinery for virus life cycle in the cytoplasm
10.1016/j.isci.2020.101915 · 2020 · External reference
Lactylation: a passing fad or the future of posttranslational modification
10.1007/s10753-022-01637-w · 2022 · External reference
Demethylzeylasteral targets lactate by inhibiting histone lactylation to suppress the tumorigenicity of liver cancer stem cells
10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106270 · 2022 · External reference
Role of LDH in tumor glycolysis: regulation of LDHA by small molecules for cancer therapeutics
10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.007 · 2022 · External reference
Hepatitis B virus rigs the cellular metabolome to avoid innate immune recognition
10.1038/s41467-020-20316-8 · 2021 · External reference
Senecavirus A-induced glycolysis facilitates virus replication by promoting lactate production that attenuates the interaction between MAVS and RIG-I
2023 · External reference
Synergistically suppressive effects on colorectal cancer cells by combination of mTOR inhibitor and glycolysis inhibitor, oxamate
2018 · External reference
Lactic acid: no longer an inert and end-product of glycolysis
2017 · External reference
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 blockade with AZD3965 inhibits lipid biosynthesis and increases tumour immune cell infiltration
10.1038/s41416-019-0717-x · 2020 · External reference
Expression of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is required for virus-specific mouse CD8+ T cell memory development
10.1073/pnas.2306763121 · 2024 · External reference
Lactate, histone lactylation and cancer hallmarks
2023 · External reference
Tumor-derived lactate promotes resistance to bevacizumab treatment by facilitating autophagy enhancer protein RUBCNL expression through histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation (H3K18la) in colorectal cancer
10.1080/15548627.2023.2249762 · 2024 · External reference
Protein kinase Cdc7 supports viral replication by phosphorylating avibirnavirus VP3 protein
10.1128/jvi.01125-23 · 2023 · External reference
Host-cell interactions in HBV infection and pathogenesis: the emerging role of m6A modification
10.1080/22221751.2021.2006580 · 2021 · External reference
Lactylation in cancer: mechanisms in tumour biology and therapeutic potentials
2024 · External reference
Tumor-targeted inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter 1 improves T-cell immunotherapy of solid tumors
10.1002/adhm.202000549 · 2021 · External reference
Functions and mechanisms of lactylation in carcinogenesis and immunosuppression
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253064 · 2023 · External reference