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References from Dendritic cells and HIV transmission: roles and subsets of antigen-presenting cells in the human anogenital tract. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
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Protein-specific helper T-lymphocyte formation initiated by dendritic cells
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Immunologic functions of Ia-bearing epidermal Langerhans cells
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Murine epidermal Langerhans cells mature into potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro
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Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
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The enigmatic plasmacytoid T cells develop into dendritic cells with interleukin (IL)-3 and CD40-ligand
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Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon
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The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood
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Recent advances in our understanding of human inflammatory dendritic cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection
10.3390/v17010105 · 2025 · External reference
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells have divergent effects on HIV infection of initial target cells and induce a pro-retention phenotype
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Differential rates of replacement of human dermal dendritic cells and macrophages during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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Human anogenital monocyte-derived dendritic cells and langerin cDC2 are major HIV target cells
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Human genital dendritic cell heterogeneity confers differential rapid response to HIV-1 exposure
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Human CD141+ (BDCA-3)+ dendritic cells (DCs) represent a unique myeloid DC subset that cross-presents necrotic cell antigens
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Superior antigen cross-presentation and XCR1 expression define human CD11c+CD141+ cells as homologues of mouse CD8+ dendritic cells
10.1084/jem.20100348 · 2010 · External reference
Human tissues contain CD141hi cross-presenting dendritic cells with functional homology to mouse CD103+ nonlymphoid dendritic cells
10.1016/j.immuni.2012.04.012 · 2012 · External reference
Human dendritic cell subsets: an update
10.1111/imm.12888 · 2018 · External reference
Human dendritic cell subsets, ontogeny, and impact on HIV infection
10.3389/fimmu.2019.01088 · 2019 · External reference
Transcriptional and functional analysis of CD1c+ human dendritic cells identifies a CD163+ subset priming CD8+CD103+ T cells
10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.002 · 2020 · External reference
Single-cell analysis of human mononuclear phagocytes reveals subset-defining markers and identifies circulating inflammatory dendritic cells
2019 · External reference
Dendritic cell subsets in T cell programming: location dictates function
10.1038/s41577-018-0088-1 · 2019 · External reference
Human dermal CD14⁺ cells are a transient population of monocyte-derived macrophages
10.1016/j.immuni.2014.08.006 · 2014 · External reference
Inflammatory dendritic cells in mice and humans
10.1016/j.it.2013.06.001 · 2013 · External reference
Dendritic cells from the cervical mucosa capture and transfer HIV-1 via Siglec-1
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00825 · 2019 · External reference
Langerhans cell origin and regulation
10.1097/moh.0000000000000202 · 2016 · External reference
Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny
10.1038/nri3712 · 2014 · External reference
Langerhans cell (LC) proliferation mediates neonatal development, homeostasis, and inflammation-associated expansion of the epidermal LC network
10.1084/jem.20091586 · 2009 · External reference
Human Langerhans cells induce distinct IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells lacking IL-17 production
10.1073/pnas.0911472106 · 2009 · External reference
Human langerhans cells are more efficient than CD14(-)CD1c(+) dermal dendritic cells at priming naive CD4(+) T cells
10.1038/jid.2009.424 · 2010 · External reference
Distinct human Langerhans cell subsets orchestrate reciprocal functions and require different developmental regulation
2021 · External reference
Defining the landscape of human epidermal mononuclear phagocytes
10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.001 · 2023 · External reference
Response to identifying the epidermal dendritic cell landscape
10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.006 · 2023 · External reference
Epithelial dendritic cells vs. Langerhans cells: implications for mucosal vaccines
10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113977 · 2024 · External reference
Within 1 h, HIV-1 uses viral synapses to enter efficiently the inner, but not outer, foreskin mucosa and engages Langerhans-T cell conjugates
10.1038/mi.2010.32 · 2010 · External reference
Identification of HIV transmitting CD11c+ human epidermal dendritic cells
10.1038/s41467-019-10697-w · 2019 · External reference
Early HIV-1 target cells in human vaginal and ectocervical mucosa
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00939.x · 2011 · External reference
Myeloid cells in intact human cervical explants capture HIV and can transmit it to CD4 T cells
10.3389/fimmu.2018.02719 · 2018 · External reference
HIV-1 efficient entry in inner foreskin is mediated by elevated CCL5/RANTES that recruits T cells and fuels conjugate formation with Langerhans cells
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002100 · 2011 · External reference
Dendritic cells exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transmit a vigorous cytopathic infection to CD4 T cells
10.1126/science.1352913 · 1992 · External reference
DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells
10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80694-7 · 2000 · External reference
HIV gp120 receptors on human dendritic cells
10.1182/blood.v98.8.2482 · 2001 · External reference
Diversity of receptors binding HIV on dendritic cell subsets
10.1038/ni841 · 2002 · External reference
Recruitment of HIV and its receptors to dendritic cell-T cell junctions
10.1126/science.1084238 · 2003 · External reference
Immunodeficiency virus uptake, turnover, and 2-phase transfer in human dendritic cells
10.1182/blood-2003-09-3129 · 2004 · External reference
Assignment of intrachain disulfide bonds and characterization of potential glycosylation sites of the type 1 recombinant human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (gp120) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells
10.1016/s0021-9258(18)86956-3 · 1990 · External reference
Dendritic Cells, the double agent in the war against HIV-1
10.3389/fimmu.2019.02485 · 2019 · External reference
Siglec-1 is a novel dendritic cell receptor that mediates HIV-1 trans-infection through recognition of viral membrane gangliosides
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HIV traffics through a specialized, surface-accessible intracellular compartment during trans-infection of T cells by mature dendritic cells
2008 · External reference
HIV-1 trans-infection mediated by DCs: the tip of the iceberg of cell-to-cell viral transmission
10.3390/pathogens11010039 · 2021 · External reference
Mechanisms for cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00260 · 2018 · External reference
The infectious synapse formed between mature dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells is independent of the presence of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein
10.1186/1742-4690-10-42 · 2013 · External reference
HIV-1 Virological Synapse is not Simply a Copycat of the Immunological Synapse
10.3390/v2051239 · 2010 · External reference
HIV-1-infected dendritic cells show 2 phases of gene expression changes, with lysosomal enzyme activity decreased during the second phase
10.1182/blood-2008-12-194845 · 2009 · External reference
Initial HIV mucosal infection and dendritic cells
10.1002/emmm.201202763 · 2013 · External reference
Immunobiology of dendritic cells and the influence of HIV infection
2013 · External reference
DC-SIGN-mediated infectious synapse formation enhances X4 HIV-1 transmission from dendritic cells to T cells
10.1084/jem.20041356 · 2004 · External reference
HIV transmitting mononuclear phagocytes; integrating the old and new
10.1038/s41385-022-00492-0 · 2022 · External reference
Dendritic cells, but not macrophages or B cells, activate major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted CD4 T cells upon immune-complex uptake in vivo
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02464.x · 2006 · External reference
Transcriptional and functional profiling defines human small intestinal macrophage subsets
10.1084/jem.20170057 · 2018 · External reference
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human colonic macrophages reveals niche-specific subsets
10.1084/jem.20211846 · 2022 · External reference
Transcriptome landscape of myeloid cells in human skin reveals diversity, rare populations and putative DC progenitors
10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.11.012 · 2020 · External reference
TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions
2022 · External reference
Expansion of Fcgamma receptor IIIa-positive macrophages, ficolin 1-positive monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells associated with severe skin disease in systemic sclerosis
10.1002/art.41813 · 2022 · External reference
Interferon-inducible mechanism of dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 dissemination is dependent on Siglec-1/CD169
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003291 · 2013 · External reference
HIV-1 immune activation induces Siglec-1 expression and enhances viral trans-infection in blood and tissue myeloid cells
10.1186/s12977-015-0160-x · 2015 · External reference
Siglec-1 initiates formation of the virus-containing compartment and enhances macrophage-to-T cell transmission of HIV-1
10.1371/journal.ppat.1006181 · 2017 · External reference
Actin-regulated Siglec-1 nanoclustering influences HIV-1 capture and virus-containing compartment formation in dendritic cells
10.7554/elife.78836 · 2023 · External reference
Constitutive Siglec-1 expression confers susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of human dendritic cell precursors
10.1073/pnas.1911007116 · 2019 · External reference
Langerhans cells and sexual transmission of HIV and HSV
10.1002/rmv.1923 · 2017 · External reference
Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells
10.1038/nm1541 · 2007 · External reference
Inhibition of two temporal phases of HIV-1 transfer from primary Langerhans cells to T cells: the role of langerin
10.4049/jimmunol.1400630 · 2014 · External reference
DC-SIGN plays a stronger role than DCIR in mediating HIV-1 capture and transfer
10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.016 · 2014 · External reference
The C-type lectin surface receptor DCIR acts as a new attachment factor for HIV-1 in dendritic cells and contributes to trans- and cis-infection pathways
10.1182/blood-2008-01-136473 · 2008 · External reference
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor is a new target for anti-AIDS drug development: identification of DCIR/HIV-1 inhibitors
10.1371/journal.pone.0067873 · 2013 · External reference
Oligomerization of the macrophage mannose receptor enhances gp120-mediated binding of HIV-1
10.1074/jbc.m809698200 · 2009 · External reference
Involvement of macrophage mannose receptor in the binding and transmission of HIV by macrophages
10.1002/immu.200310024 · 2003 · External reference
Mannose receptor 1 restricts HIV particle release from infected macrophages
10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.085 · 2018 · External reference
Mannose receptor is an HIV restriction factor counteracted by Vpr in macrophages
10.7554/elife.51035 · 2020 · External reference
The susceptibility to X4 and R5 human immunodeficiency virus-1 strains of dendritic cells derived in vitro from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells is primarily determined by their maturation stage
10.1182/blood.v93.11.3866 · 1999 · External reference
Immature dendritic cells selectively replicate macrophagetropic (M-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus type 1, while mature cells efficiently transmit both M- and T-tropic virus to T cells
10.1128/jvi.72.4.2733-2737.1998 · 1998 · External reference
HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor
10.1126/science.272.5263.872 · 1996 · External reference
CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1
10.1126/science.272.5270.1955 · 1996 · External reference
Infection of specific dendritic cells by CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promotes cell-mediated transmission of virus resistant to broadly neutralizing antibodies
10.1128/jvi.78.21.11980-11987.2004 · 2004 · External reference
Immune activation correlates with and predicts CXCR4 co-receptor tropism switch in HIV-1 infection
10.1038/s41598-020-71699-z · 2020 · External reference
The impact of HIV tropism on decreases in CD4 cell count, clinical progression, and subsequent response to a first antiretroviral therapy regimen
10.1086/587660 · 2008 · External reference
DC-SIGN increases the affinity of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein interaction with CD4
10.1371/journal.pone.0028307 · 2011 · External reference
Manipulation of mononuclear phagocytes by HIV: implications for early transmission events
10.3389/fimmu.2019.02263 · 2019 · External reference
Mobilization of HIV spread by diaphanous 2 dependent filopodia in infected dendritic cells
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002762 · 2012 · External reference
Resolution of de novo HIV production and trafficking in immature dendritic cells
10.1038/nmeth1137 · 2008 · External reference
Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from infected macrophages and dendritic cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes
10.3390/v15051030 · 2023 · External reference
SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 infection in dendritic cells (DCs) by dNTP depletion, but its expression in DCs and primary CD4+ T-lymphocytes cannot be upregulated by interferons
10.1186/1742-4690-9-105 · 2012 · External reference
The SAMHD1-MX2 axis restricts HIV-1 infection at postviral DNA synthesis
2024 · External reference
The ability of SAMHD1 to block HIV-1 but not SIV requires expression of MxB
10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.018 · 2019 · External reference
dNTP depletion and beyond: the multifaceted nature of SAMHD1-mediated viral restriction
10.1128/jvi.00302-25 · 2025 · External reference
The cytidine deaminase CEM15 induces hypermutation in newly synthesized HIV-1 DNA
10.1038/nature01707 · 2003 · External reference
Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts
10.1038/nature01709 · 2003 · External reference
Deep sequencing of HIV-1 reverse transcripts reveals the multifaceted antiviral functions of APOBEC3G
10.1038/s41564-017-0063-9 · 2018 · External reference
Inhibition of tRNA₃(Lys)-primed reverse transcription by human APOBEC3G during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication
2006 · External reference
Deaminase-independent inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcription by APOBEC3G
10.1093/nar/gkm750 · 2007 · External reference
APOBEC3G inhibits elongation of HIV-1 reverse transcripts
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000231 · 2008 · External reference
Lymph node dendritic cells harbor inducible replication-competent HIV despite years of suppressive ART
10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.020 · 2023 · External reference
The multifaceted nature of HIV tissue reservoirs
10.1097/coh.0000000000000851 · 2024 · External reference
HIV-1 replicates and persists in vaginal epithelial dendritic cells
10.1172/jci98943 · 2018 · External reference
Can non-lytic CD8+ T cells drive HIV-1 escape?
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Escape of HIV-1-infected dendritic cells from TRAIL-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity during NK-DC cross-talk—a pivotal role of HMGB1
2010 · External reference
Follicular dendritic cells retain infectious HIV in cycling endosomes
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005285 · 2015 · External reference
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lymph nodes of patients with human immunodeficiency virus
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Single-cell transcriptomic profile of innate cell populations in mesenteric lymph nodes of inflammatory bowel disease patients
10.1093/ibd/izaf017 · 2025 · External reference
Dendritic cell maturation: functional specialization through signaling specificity and transcriptional programming
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Inflammatory mediators are insufficient for full dendritic cell activation and promote expansion of CD4 T cell populations lacking helper function
10.1038/ni1162 · 2005 · External reference
Chemokine and chemotactic signals in dendritic cell migration
10.1038/s41423-018-0005-3 · 2018 · External reference
CCR7 governs skin dendritic cell migration under inflammatory and steady-state conditions
10.1016/j.immuni.2004.06.014 · 2004 · External reference
Regulation of dendritic cell migration to the draining lymph node: impact on T lymphocyte traffic and priming
10.1084/jem.20030448 · 2003 · External reference
TLR-induced murine dendritic cell (DC) activation requires DC-intrinsic complement
10.4049/jimmunol.1700339 · 2017 · External reference
Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases
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CD54 is a surrogate marker of antigen presenting cell activation
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HIV-1-induced migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells is associated with differential activation of MAPK pathways
10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7497 · 2004 · External reference
HIV induces maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and Langerhans cells
10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7103 · 2006 · External reference
The microvesicle component of HIV-1 inocula modulates dendritic cell infection and maturation and enhances adhesion to and activation of T lymphocytes
10.1371/annotation/059beb14-db84-4836-9fef-ec351946025a · 2013 · External reference
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), but not ICAM-2 and -3, is important for dendritic cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
10.1128/jvi.00006-09 · 2009 · External reference
HIV infection of dendritic cells subverts the IFN induction pathway via IRF-1 and inhibits type 1 IFN production
10.1182/blood-2010-07-297721 · 2011 · External reference
HIV blocks interferon induction in human dendritic cells and macrophages by dysregulation of TBK1
10.1128/jvi.00889-15 · 2015 · External reference
HIV-1 infection of human macrophages directly induces viperin which inhibits viral production
10.1182/blood-2012-01-407395 · 2012 · External reference
Mechanism of interferon-stimulated gene induction in HIV-1-infected macrophages
10.1128/jvi.00744-17 · 2017 · External reference
Dendritic cells from the human female reproductive tract rapidly capture and respond to HIV
10.1038/mi.2016.72 · 2017 · External reference
Induction of a striking systemic cytokine cascade prior to peak viremia in acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, in contrast to more modest and delayed responses in acute hepatitis B and C virus infections
10.1128/jvi.01844-08 · 2009 · External reference
IFNα subtypes in HIV infection and immunity
10.3390/v16030364 · 2024 · External reference
Generalized immune activation and innate immune responses in simian immunodeficiency virus infection
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Downregulation of robust acute type I interferon responses distinguishes nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of natural hosts from pathogenic SIV infection of rhesus macaques
10.1128/jvi.02612-09 · 2010 · External reference
Characterising plasmacytoid and myeloid AXL+ SIGLEC-6+ dendritic cell functions and their interactions with HIV
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Endocytosis of HIV-1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor-viral RNA interactions
10.1172/jci26032 · 2005 · External reference
An in situ analysis pipeline for initial host-pathogen interactions reveals signatures of human colorectal HIV transmission
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111385 · 2022 · External reference
Evolution and diversity of immune responses during acute HIV infection
10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.015 · 2020 · External reference
Early events in sexual transmission of HIV and SIV and opportunities for interventions
10.1146/annurev-med-080709-124959 · 2011 · External reference
Defining early SIV replication and dissemination dynamics following vaginal transmission
10.1126/sciadv.aav7116 · 2019 · External reference
Rapid inflammasome activation following mucosal SIV infection of rhesus monkeys
10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.021 · 2016 · External reference
Nonpathogenic SIV infection of African green monkeys induces a strong but rapidly controlled type I IFN response
2009 · External reference
Rapid systemic spread and minimal immune responses following SIVsab intrarectal transmission in African green monkeys
10.1172/jci.insight.183751 · 2024 · External reference
Significant virus replication in Langerhans cells following application of HIV to abraded skin: relevance to occupational transmission of HIV
10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3297 · 2008 · External reference
Genital ulcers facilitate rapid viral entry and dissemination following intravaginal inoculation with cell-associated simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239
10.1128/jvi.01947-07 · 2008 · External reference
Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort analysis among African couples
10.1371/journal.pmed.1001251 · 2012 · External reference
Bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted infections in an HIV-positive cohort
10.3389/frph.2021.660672 · 2021 · External reference
Herpes simplex virus-induced epithelial damage and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in human cervical organ culture
10.1371/journal.pone.0022638 · 2011 · External reference
Impact of asymptomatic Herpes simplex virus-2 infection on T cell phenotype and function in the foreskin
10.1097/qad.0b013e328354675c · 2012 · External reference
How does voluntary medical male circumcision reduce HIV risk?
10.1007/s11904-022-00634-w · 2022 · External reference
Immune milieu and microbiome of the distal urethra in Ugandan men: impact of penile circumcision and implications for HIV susceptibility
10.1186/s40168-021-01185-9 · 2022 · External reference
Initial events in establishing vaginal entry and infection by human immunodeficiency virus type-1
10.1016/j.immuni.2007.01.007 · 2007 · External reference
An electron microscope study of basal melanocytes and high-level clear cells (Langerhans cells) in vitiligo
1961 · External reference
Langerhans cells and more: langerin-expressing dendritic cell subsets in the skin
10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00886.x · 2010 · External reference
Immunomorphological and ultrastructural characterization of Langerhans cells and a novel, inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell (IDEC) population in lesional skin of atopic eczema
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Phenotypic and functional consequences of different isolation protocols on skin mononuclear phagocytes
10.1189/jlb.4a1116-496r · 2017 · External reference
XCR1 expression distinguishes human conventional dendritic cell type 1 with full effector functions from their immediate precursors
10.1073/pnas.2300343120 · 2023 · External reference
Optimal isolation protocols for examining and interrogating mononuclear phagocytes from human intestinal tissue
10.3389/fimmu.2021.727952 · 2021 · External reference
Comprehensive Phenotyping of human dendritic cells and monocytes
10.1002/cyto.a.24269 · 2021 · External reference
Constitutive resistance to viral infection in human CD141+ dendritic cells
10.1126/sciimmunol.aai8071 · 2017 · External reference
Dendritic cells display subset and tissue-specific maturation dynamics over human life
10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.019 · 2017 · External reference
The lifespan and kinetics of human dendritic cell subsets and their precursors in health and inflammation
10.1084/jem.20220867 · 2024 · External reference
Differential IRF8 transcription factor requirement defines two pathways of dendritic cell development in humans
10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.003 · 2020 · External reference
Single-cell analysis of human skin identifies CD14 type 3 dendritic cells co-producing IL1B and IL23A in psoriasis
10.1084/jem.20202345 · 2021 · External reference
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