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References from GlRac regulates an ATG8-independent autophagy-like pathway in Giardia lamblia. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
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10.4161/auto.20527 · 2012 · External reference
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Autophagy in protists
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Mechanisms governing autophagosome biogenesis
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10.4161/auto.8838 · 2009 · External reference
Starvation-response may not involve Atg1-dependent autophagy induction in non-unikont parasites
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Biology of Giardia lamblia
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10.1038/nrmicro2317 · 2010 · External reference
Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia
10.1126/science.1143837 · 2007 · External reference
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Giardia lamblia: Laboratory Maintenance, Lifecycle Induction, and Infection of Murine Models
2020 · External reference
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Programmed cell death in Giardia
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An ancestral secretory apparatus in the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis
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The peripheral vesicles of trophozoites of the primitive protozoan Giardia lamblia may correspond to early and late endosomes and to lysosomes
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Membrane trafficking and organelle biogenesis in Giardia lamblia: use it or lose it
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The activity of a developmentally regulated cysteine proteinase is required for cyst wall formation in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia
10.1074/jbc.m110250200 · 2002 · External reference
Identification of the major cysteine protease of Giardia and its role in encystation
10.1074/jbc.m802133200 · 2008 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis Cathepsin B Proteases Degrade Intestinal Epithelial Interleukin-8 and Attenuate Interleukin-8-Induced Neutrophil Chemotaxis
10.1128/iai.01771-14 · 2014 · External reference
Secreted Giardia intestinalis cysteine proteases disrupt intestinal epithelial cell junctional complexes and degrade chemokines
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Cysteine Protease-Dependent Mucous Disruptions and Differential Mucin Gene Expression in Giardia duodenalis Infection
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Giardia Cysteine Proteases: The Teeth behind the Smile
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Azasterols impair Giardia lamblia proliferation and induces encystation
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Effects of metronidazole analogues on Giardia lamblia: experimental infection and cell organization
10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.001 · 2013 · External reference
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 · 2021 · External reference
Breaking the annotation barrier: An initial subcellular localization atlas of Giardia’s hypothetical and conserved hypothetical proteins provides a resource for functional discovery
10.1091/mbc.e25-12-0590 · 2026 · External reference
An actin cytoskeleton with evolutionarily conserved functions in the absence of canonical actin-binding proteins
10.1073/pnas.1018593108 · 2011 · External reference
Rac Regulates Giardia lamblia Encystation by Coordinating Cyst Wall Protein Trafficking and Secretion
10.1128/mbio.01003-16 · 2016 · External reference
The actin cytoskeleton participates in the early events of autophagosome formation upon starvation induced autophagy
10.4161/auto.21459 · 2012 · External reference
Plant Rho GTPase signaling promotes autophagy
10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.021 · 2021 · External reference
Ultrastructural analysis of the autophagic process in yeast: detection of autophagosomes and their characterization
10.1083/jcb.124.6.903 · 1994 · External reference
Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
10.1038/nature06639 · 2008 · External reference
Autophagy in yeast demonstrated with proteinase-deficient mutants and conditions for its induction
10.1083/jcb.119.2.301 · 1992 · External reference
Autophagosome Formation in Mammalian Cells
10.1247/csf.27.421 · 2002 · External reference
Endosome sorting and autophagy are essential for differentiation and virulence of Leishmania major
10.1074/jbc.m512307200 · 2006 · External reference
Cysteine peptidases CPA and CPB are vital for autophagy and differentiation in Leishmania mexicana
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Autophagy is involved in nutritional stress response and differentiation in Trypanosoma cruzi
10.1074/jbc.m708474200 · 2008 · External reference
Autophagy: process and function
10.1101/gad.1599207 · 2007 · External reference
Autophagy in the cellular energetic balance
10.1016/j.cmet.2011.04.004 · 2011 · External reference
Autophagy: principles and significance in health and disease
10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.10.016 · 2009 · External reference
Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10.1016/0014-5793(93)80398-e · 1993 · External reference
Autophagy in Trypanosoma brucei: amino acid requirement and regulation during different growth phases
10.1371/journal.pone.0093875 · 2014 · External reference
Regulation of ATG8 membrane association by ATG4 in the parasitic protist Toxoplasma gondii
10.4161/auto.25189 · 2013 · External reference
Plasmodium falciparum ATG8 implicated in both autophagy and apicoplast formation
10.4161/auto.25832 · 2013 · External reference
Adaptive responses to glucose restriction enhance cell survival, antioxidant capability, and autophagy of the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.08.008 · 2014 · External reference
Arginine metabolism during culture of Giardia intestinalis
10.1016/0166-6851(92)90011-8 · 1992 · External reference
Tor, a phosphatidylinositol kinase homologue, controls autophagy in yeast
10.1074/jbc.273.7.3963 · 1998 · External reference
TOR signaling in growth and metabolism
10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.016 · 2006 · External reference
Structural insights into the Giardia lamblia target of rapamycin homolog: A bioinformatics approach
10.3390/ijms241511992 · 2023 · External reference
mTOR signaling in growth control and disease
10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.017 · 2012 · External reference
A myeloid leukemia factor homolog involved in encystation-induced protein metabolism in Giardia lamblia
10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129859 · 2021 · External reference
The Role of Atg Proteins in Autophagosome Formation
10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005 · 2011 · External reference
“Disc-o-Fever”: Getting Down with Giardia’s Groovy Microtubule Organelle
10.1016/j.tcb.2017.10.007 · 2018 · External reference
Endoplasmic reticulum is the sorting core facility in the Golgi-lacking protozoan Giardia lamblia
10.1111/tra.12501 · 2017 · External reference
Quantitative analysis of autophagy-related protein stoichiometry by fluorescence microscopy
10.1083/jcb.200711112 · 2008 · External reference
Dissection of autophagosome formation using Apg5-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells
10.1083/jcb.152.4.657 · 2001 · External reference
Atg8 controls phagophore expansion during autophagosome formation
10.1091/mbc.e07-12-1292 · 2008 · External reference
Clathrin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate regulate autophagic lysosome reformation
10.1038/ncb2557 · 2012 · External reference
Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms
10.1002/path.2697 · 2010 · External reference
Structural basis of target recognition by Atg8/LC3 during selective autophagy
10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01238.x · 2008 · External reference
Atg8: an autophagy-related ubiquitin-like protein family
10.1186/gb-2011-12-7-226 · 2011 · External reference
Mlf mediates proteotoxic response via formation of cellular foci for protein folding and degradation in Giardia
10.1371/journal.ppat.1012617 · 2024 · External reference
The Atg8 and Atg12 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems in macroautophagy. “Protein modifications: beyond the usual suspects” review series
10.1038/embor.2008.163 · 2008 · External reference
Regulation of actin nucleation and autophagosome formation
10.1007/s00018-016-2224-z · 2016 · External reference
NPFs-mediated actin cytoskeleton: a new viewpoint on autophagy regulation
10.1186/s12964-023-01444-2 · 2024 · External reference
The cytoskeleton–autophagy connection
2017 · External reference
WHAMM initiates autolysosome tubulation by promoting actin polymerization on autolysosomes
10.1038/s41467-019-11694-9 · 2019 · External reference
Small fluorescent molecules for monitoring autophagic flux
10.1002/1873-3468.12979 · 2018 · External reference
Concanamycin A, the specific inhibitor of V-ATPases, binds to the V(o) subunit c
10.1074/jbc.m207345200 · 2002 · External reference
A contiguous compartment functions as endoplasmic reticulum and endosome/lysosome in Giardia lamblia
10.1128/ec.00123-09 · 2009 · External reference
The single dynamin family protein in the primitive protozoan Giardia lamblia is essential for stage conversion and endocytic transport
10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00657.x · 2008 · External reference
Cathepsins: Proteases that are vital for survival but can also be fatal
10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.148 · 2018 · External reference
Time-Dependent Transcriptional Changes in Axenic Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites
2015 · External reference
Toxoplasma gondii cathepsin L is the primary target of the invasion-inhibitory compound morpholinurea-leucyl-homophenyl-vinyl sulfone phenyl
10.1074/jbc.m109.003780 · 2009 · External reference
Lysosomal turnover, but not a cellular level, of endogenous LC3 is a marker for autophagy
10.4161/auto.1.2.1697 · 2005 · External reference
Application and interpretation of current autophagy inhibitors and activators
10.1038/aps.2013.5 · 2013 · External reference
The Giardia ventrolateral flange is a lamellar membrane protrusion that supports attachment
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010496 · 2022 · External reference
Nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis: a growing problem requiring rational solutions
10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.028 · 2018 · External reference
The Use of Quinacrine in Nitroimidazole-resistant Giardia Duodenalis: An Old Drug for an Emerging Problem
10.1093/infdis/jix066 · 2017 · External reference
Quinacrine Treatment of Nitroimidazole-Refractory Giardiasis
10.1093/infdis/jiab287 · 2022 · External reference
Quinoline-based antimalarial drugs: A novel class of autophagy inhibitors
10.3171/2014.12.focus14748 · 2015 · External reference
Autophagic flux inhibition and lysosomogenesis ensuing cellular capture and retention of the cationic drug quinacrine in murine models
10.7717/peerj.1314 · 2015 · External reference
Quinacrine-resistant Giardia duodenalis
10.1017/s0031182000065823 · 1996 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2014 · External reference
Evaluation of acridine orange, LysoTracker Red, and quinacrine as fluorescent probes for long-term tracking of acidic vesicles
10.1002/cyto.a.22495 · 2014 · External reference
Vacuolar ATPase-mediated cellular concentration and retention of quinacrine: a model for the distribution of lipophilic cationic drugs to autophagic vacuoles
10.1124/dmd.109.028480 · 2009 · External reference
Autophagosome Biogenesis in Plants: An Actin Cytoskeleton Perspective
10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.011 · 2020 · External reference
Toxoplasma TgATG9 is critical for autophagy and long-term persistence in tissue cysts
2021 · External reference
The cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia
10.1016/s0020-7519(02)00228-x · 2003 · External reference
Giardia lamblia behavior during encystment: how morphological changes in shape occur
10.1016/j.parint.2008.11.002 · 2009 · External reference
Developmental changes in the adhesive disk during Giardia differentiation
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.03.005 · 2005 · External reference
Arginine metabolism has a pivotal function for the encystation of Giardia duodenalis
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2013 · External reference
Autophagy and related processes in trypanosomatids: insights from genomic and bioinformatic analyses
10.4161/auto.2.2.2369 · 2006 · External reference
Characterization of unusual families of ATG8-like proteins and ATG12 in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major
10.4161/auto.5.2.7328 · 2009 · External reference
Evolution from covalent conjugation to non-covalent interaction in the ubiquitin-like ATG12 system
10.1038/s41594-019-0204-3 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2008 · External reference
Atg8 family LC3/GABARAP proteins are crucial for autophagosome-lysosome fusion but not autophagosome formation during PINK1/Parkin mitophagy and starvation
10.1083/jcb.201607039 · 2016 · External reference
Discovery of Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative macroautophagy
10.1038/nature08455 · 2009 · External reference
The ATG conjugation systems are important for degradation of the inner autophagosomal membrane
10.1126/science.aaf6136 · 2016 · External reference
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2024 · External reference
Giardia duodenalis Surface Cysteine Proteases Induce Cleavage of the Intestinal Epithelial Cytoskeletal Protein Villin via Myosin Light Chain Kinase
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