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References from Misleading inference of schistosome epidemiology from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial DNA. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Recent studies on the reproductive biology of the schistosomes and their relevance to speciation in the Digenea
10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00021-6 · 1998 · External reference
A revision of the interrelationships of Schistosoma including the recently described Schistosoma guineensis
10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.03.005 · 2006 · External reference
Mating Interactions between Schistosoma bovis and S. mansoni and Compatibility of Their F1 Progeny with Biomphalaria glabrata and Bulinus truncatus
10.3390/microorganisms10061251 · 2022 · External reference
The interaction of Schistosoma haematobium and S. guineensis in Cameroon
10.1079/joh2005306 · 2005 · External reference
Isoenzyme analysis of Schistosoma haematobium, S. intercalatum and their hybrids and occurrences of natural hybridization in Cameroon
10.1079/joh2003166 · 2003 · External reference
Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium and S. mattheei and their identification by isoelectric focusing of enzymes
10.1016/0035-9203(80)90091-7 · 1980 · External reference
Bidirectional introgressive hybridization between a cattle and human schistosome species
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000571 · 2009 · External reference
Genetic profiles of Schistosoma haematobium parasites from Malian transmission hotspot areas
10.1186/s13071-023-05860-8 · 2023 · External reference
Mapping of schistosome hybrids of the haematobium group in West and Central Africa
10.1017/s0022149x24000257 · 2024 · External reference
Extant interspecific hybridization among trematodes within the Schistosoma haematobium species complex in Nigeria
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011472 · 2024 · External reference
Schistosoma bovis Infecting Humans in Nigeria
10.4269/ajtmh.24-0714 · 2025 · External reference
Schistosoma Species and Hybrid Genotyping With a Field Deployable Multi-Marker Amplicon Panel
10.1002/cpz1.70333 · 2026 · External reference
Molecular approaches to the identification of Bulinus species in south-west Nigeria and observations on natural snail infections with schistosomes
10.1017/s0022149x10000568 · 2011 · External reference
The impact of Schistosoma haematobium hybridization on molecular diagnosis of schistosomiasis: A review with emphasis on female genital schistosomiasis
10.1371/journal.pntd.0013364 · 2025 · External reference
High prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids in schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivoire
10.1017/s0031182019001549 · 2020 · External reference
Population genetic structure of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids among school-aged children in Côte d’Ivoire
10.1051/parasite/2022023 · 2022 · External reference
Bulinus snails in the Lake Victoria Basin in Kenya: Systematics and their role as hosts for schistosomes
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010752 · 2023 · External reference
Morphometric analysis of schistosome eggs recovered from human urines in communities along the shoreline of Oyan River Dam in Ogun State, Nigeria
2023 · External reference
Genomic evidence of contemporary hybridization between Schistosoma species
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010706 · 2022 · External reference
Schistosomiasis transmission in Europe
10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30061-5 · 2016 · External reference
Outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis in Corsica (France): an epidemiological case study
10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00175-4 · 2016 · External reference
Detecting hybridization in African schistosome species: does egg morphology complement molecular species identification?
10.1017/s0031182017000087 · 2017 · External reference
Barcoding hybrids: heterogeneous distribution of Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids across the Senegal River Basin
10.1017/s0031182018000525 · 2018 · External reference
No barrier breakdown between human and cattle schistosome species in the Senegal River Basin in the face of hybridisation
10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.08.004 · 2019 · External reference
Opportunities and challenges for modelling epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics in a multihost, multiparasite system: Zoonotic hybrid schistosomiasis in West Africa
10.1111/eva.12529 · 2017 · External reference
Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human-animal interface
10.1073/pnas.2110711118 · 2021 · External reference
A Case of Urogenital Human Schistosomiasis from a Non-endemic Area
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004053 · 2015 · External reference
Rodents as Natural Hosts of Zoonotic Schistosoma Species and Hybrids: An Epidemiological and Evolutionary Perspective From West Africa
10.1093/infdis/jiy029 · 2018 · External reference
Imported schistosomiasis in southwestern Europe: wide variation of pure and hybrid genotypes infecting sub-Saharan migrants
10.1155/tbed/6614509 · 2025 · External reference
Multidisciplinary challenges by “pure” and hybrid Schistosoma species introduced into southwestern Europe
10.1098/rstb.2025.0087 · 2026 · External reference
Population genetic structure of Schistosoma bovis and S. curassoni collected from cattle in Mali
10.1051/parasite/2024035 · 2024 · External reference
Population genetic structure of Schistosoma bovis in Cameroon
10.1186/s13071-019-3307-0 · 2019 · External reference
Schistosomiasis interventions in Africa: assessment and systematic review
10.1155/japr/2125107 · 2025 · External reference
Human schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma bovis in Nigeria
10.4269/ajtmh.23-0539 · 2024 · External reference
Hybridized Zoonotic Schistosoma Infections Result in Hybridized Morbidity Profiles: A Clinical Morbidity Study amongst Co-Infected Human Populations of Senegal
10.3390/microorganisms9081776 · 2021 · External reference
Zoonotic schistosomiasis: the crossroads between animal and human schistosomiasis in Africa: narrative review
10.1002/hsr2.71555 · 2025 · External reference
Bulinus senegalensis and Bulinus umbilicatus Snail Infestations by the Schistosoma haematobium Group in Niakhar, Senegal
10.3390/pathogens10070860 · 2021 · External reference
Genetic characterization of schistosome species from cattle in Côte d’Ivoire
10.1186/s13071-024-06221-9 · 2024 · External reference
Prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis among school-age children in Otamokun, Oyo State, Nigeria
10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100729 · 2025 · External reference
No pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis parasites: From mating interactions to differential gene expression
10.1371/journal.pntd.0009363 · 2021 · External reference
Morphological and genomic characterisation of the Schistosoma hybrid infecting humans in Europe reveals admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010062 · 2021 · External reference
African schistosomes in small mammal communities: Perspectives from a spatio-temporal survey in the vicinity of Lake Guiers, Senegal
10.1371/journal.pntd.0012721 · 2024 · External reference
Molecular Detection of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Community Level in Semi-Rural Areas in South-East Gabon
10.3390/diagnostics15091052 · 2025 · External reference
Introgressed animal schistosomes Schistosoma curassoni and S. bovis naturally infecting humans
10.3201/eid2212.160644 · 2016 · External reference
Hybridizations within the Genus Schistosoma: implications for evolution, epidemiology and control
10.1017/s0031182016001190 · 2017 · External reference
Prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in human, livestock, and snail populations in northern Senegal: a One Health epidemiological study of a multi-host system
2020 · External reference
Integrating hybridization and introgression into host-parasite epidemiology, ecology, and evolution
10.1016/j.pt.2024.12.006 · 2025 · External reference
Transcriptomic plasticity in hybrid schistosomes can contribute to their zoonotic potential
10.1098/rstb.2024.0534 · 2026 · External reference
Molecular characterization of Schistosoma infections in African migrants: identification of a Schistosoma haematobium-bovis hybrid in bladder biopsies
2022 · External reference
Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis first generation hybrids undergo gene expressions changes consistent with species compatibility and heterosis
10.1371/journal.pntd.0012267 · 2024 · External reference
Livestock Reservoir Hosts: An Obscured Threat to Control of Human Schistosomiasis in Nigeria
10.3390/zoonoticdis3010006 · 2023 · External reference
Introgressive hybridizations of Schistosoma haematobium by Schistosoma bovis at the origin of the first case report of schistosomiasis in Corsica (France, Europe)
10.1007/s00436-015-4643-4 · 2015 · External reference
High prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in a desert population: results from an exploratory study around the Ounianga lakes in Chad
10.1186/s40249-021-00930-4 · 2022 · External reference
10.64898/2026.02.09.26345887
10.64898/2026.02.09.26345887 · External reference
Whole-genome sequence of the bovine blood fluke Schistosoma bovis supports interspecific hybridization with S. haematobium
2019 · External reference
Epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis outbreak in Corsica (France): Are animal reservoir hosts implicated in local transmission?
10.1371/journal.pntd.0007543 · 2019 · External reference
Population genetic structure and hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria
10.3390/pathogens11040425 · 2022 · External reference
Natural Intra- and Interclade Human Hybrid Schistosomes in Africa with Considerations on Prevention through Vaccination
10.3390/microorganisms9071465 · 2021 · External reference
Occurrence of Schistosoma bovis on Pemba Island, Zanzibar: implications for urogenital schistosomiasis transmission monitoring
10.1017/s0031182018001154 · 2018 · External reference
Interactions between Schistosoma haematobium group species and their Bulinus spp. intermediate hosts along the Niger River Valley
10.1186/s13071-020-04136-9 · 2020 · External reference
Transmission and diversity of Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis and their freshwater intermediate snail hosts Bulinus globosus and B. nasutus in the Zanzibar Archipelago, United Republic of Tanzania
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010585 · 2022 · External reference
Ancient Hybridization and Adaptive Introgression of an Invadolysin Gene in Schistosome Parasites
10.1093/molbev/msz154 · 2019 · External reference
Genomic data reveal a north-south split and introgression history of blood fluke populations across Africa
10.1038/s41467-025-58543-6 · 2025 · External reference
Efficient amplicon panels for evaluating hybridization and genetic structure in the Schistosoma haematobium species group
10.1098/rstb.2024.0527 · 2026 · External reference
Finding hybrid schistosomes in genital schistosomiasis: are we missing their clinical relevance?
10.1098/rstb.2025.0086 · 2026 · External reference
First morphogenetic analysis of parasite eggs from Schistosomiasis haematobium infected sub-Saharan migrants in Spain and proposal for a new standardised study methodology
10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106075 · 2021 · External reference
Diverging patterns of introgression from Schistosoma bovis across S. haematobium African lineages
2021 · External reference
Impact of species hybridization on the clinical management of schistosomiasis: A prospective study
10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102744 · 2024 · External reference
A reservoir at the gates: nonhuman mammalian hosts for human schistosomiasis in western Africa and the critical challenge for elimination
10.1186/s40249-025-01394-6 · 2026 · External reference
Cattle as natural host for Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz, 1852) Weinland, 1858 x Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876 interactions, with new cercarial emergence and genetic patterns
10.1007/s00436-020-06709-0 · 2020 · External reference
Mastomys natalensis (Smith, 1834) as a natural host for Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz, 1852) Weinland, 1858 x Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876 introgressive hybrids
10.1007/s00436-021-07099-7 · 2021 · External reference
Urogenital schistosomiasis and hybridization between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis in adults living in Richard-Toll, Senegal
10.1017/s0031182018001415 · 2018 · External reference
Molecular characterization of schistosome cercariae and their Bulinus snail hosts from Niakhar, a seasonal transmission focus in central Senegal
10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100114 · 2023 · External reference
Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Schistosoma haematobium-Schistosoma bovis Hybrid Infection in a Cluster of Travelers Returning From Mali
10.1093/cid/ciw493 · 2016 · External reference
Future schistosome hybridizations: Will all Schistosoma haematobium hybrids please stand-up!
10.1371/journal.pntd.0008201 · 2020 · External reference
Zoonotic schistosomiasis in Nigeria: The concealed threat to humans posed by genetic hybrid parasites of livestock cattle origin
10.5772/intechopen.114140 · 2024 · External reference
Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Schistosoma haematobium among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia
10.3390/tropicalmed7090239 · 2022 · External reference
Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon
10.1186/s40249-022-00958-0 · 2022 · External reference
Molecular characterization and distribution of Schistosoma cercariae collected from naturally infected bulinid snails in northern and central Côte d’Ivoire
10.1186/s13071-019-3381-3 · 2019 · External reference
Rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR (RD-PCR) to discriminate Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis
10.1017/s0022149x09990447 · 2010 · External reference
Introgressive hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium group species in Senegal: species barrier break down between ruminant and human schistosomes
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002110 · 2013 · External reference
Schistosome interactions within the Schistosoma haematobium group, Malawi
10.3201/eid2506.190020 · 2019 · External reference
Not all “hybrids” matter: towards a nuanced understanding of Schistosoma species hybridization
10.1098/rstb.2024.0526 · 2026 · External reference
Reaching the World Health Organization elimination targets for schistosomiasis: the importance of a One Health perspective
10.1098/rstb.2022.0274 · 2023 · External reference
Integrating genomic and epidemiologic data to accelerate progress toward schistosomiasis elimination
2022 · External reference
Identifying host species driving transmission of schistosomiasis japonica, a multihost parasite system, in China
10.1073/pnas.1221509110 · 2013 · External reference
Schistosoma hybridizations and risk of emerging zoonosis in Africa: time to think of a One Health approach for sustainable schistosomiasis control and elimination.
10.5772/intechopen.103680 · 2022 · External reference
Urogenital schistosomiasis in Nigeria post receipt of the largest single praziquantel donation in Africa
10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105916 · 2021 · External reference
Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia
10.1017/s0031182018000811 · 2018 · External reference
Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms
10.1038/s41588-018-0262-1 · 2019 · External reference
Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data
10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170 · 2014 · External reference
Chromosome-level genome of Schistosoma haematobium underpins genome-wide explorations of molecular variation
10.1371/journal.ppat.1010288 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2014 · External reference
GenMap: ultra-fast computation of genome mappability
10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa222 · 2020 · External reference
The sequence alignment/map format and samtools
10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 · 2009 · External reference
The Genome Analysis Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data
10.1101/gr.107524.110 · 2010 · External reference
The variant call format and VCFtools
10.1093/bioinformatics/btr330 · 2011 · External reference
Clustal Omega for making accurate alignments of many protein sequences
10.1002/pro.3290 · 2018 · External reference
GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes
10.1186/s13059-020-02154-5 · 2020 · External reference
Automated assembly scaffolding using RagTag elevates a new tomato system for high-throughput genome editing
10.1186/s13059-022-02823-7 · 2022 · External reference
trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses
10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348 · 2009 · External reference
RAxML-NG: a fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference
10.1093/bioinformatics/btz305 · 2019 · External reference
The Newick utilities: high-throughput phylogenetic tree processing in the UNIX shell
10.1093/bioinformatics/btq243 · 2010 · External reference
Repetitive sequences in the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma mattheei
10.1016/0166-6851(94)90018-3 · 1994 · External reference
BioEdit: an important software for molecular biology
2011 · External reference
Tracy: basecalling, alignment, assembly and deconvolution of sanger chromatogram trace files
10.1186/s12864-020-6635-8 · 2020 · External reference
PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses
10.1086/519795 · 2007 · External reference
Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals
10.1101/gr.094052.109 · 2009 · External reference
Identifiability of the unrooted species tree topology under the coalescent model with time-reversible substitution processes, site-specific rate variation, and invariable sites
10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.03.006 · 2015 · External reference
Nanopore Sequencing Resolves Elusive Long Tandem-Repeat Regions in Mitochondrial Genomes
10.3390/ijms22041811 · 2021 · External reference
Genome-wide insights into adaptive hybridisation across the Schistosoma haematobium group in West and Central Africa
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010088 · 2022 · External reference
Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent
10.1038/s42003-018-0176-6 · 2018 · External reference
Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence
10.1038/nature10842 · 2012 · External reference
Pervasive incomplete lineage sorting illuminates speciation and selection in primates
10.1126/science.abn4409 · 2023 · External reference
Phylogenomics and diversification of the Schistosomatidae based on targeted sequence capture of ultra-conserved elements
2022 · External reference
The dangers of using single locus markers in parasite epidemiology: Ascaris as a case study
10.1016/s1471-4922(00)01944-9 · 2001 · External reference