Research graph
References from The impact of TcdB conformational dynamics on vaccination against Clostridioides difficile. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile
10.1038/nature07822 · 2009 · External reference
Defining the Roles of TcdA and TcdB in Localized Gastrointestinal Disease, Systemic Organ Damage, and the Host Response during Clostridium difficile Infections
10.1128/mbio.00551-15 · 2015 · External reference
The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile-associated disease: Past and present perspectives
10.4161/gmic.1.1.10768 · 2010 · External reference
The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection
10.1038/nature09397 · 2010 · External reference
Autocatalytic processing of Clostridium difficile toxin B. Binding of inositol hexakisphosphate
10.1074/jbc.m806002200 · 2009 · External reference
Auto-catalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B depends on cysteine protease activity
10.1074/jbc.m703062200 · 2007 · External reference
Clostridial glucosylating toxins enter cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis
10.1371/journal.pone.0010673 · 2010 · External reference
Frizzled proteins are colonic epithelial receptors for C. difficile toxin B
10.1038/nature19799 · 2016 · External reference
Glucosylation of Rho proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1038/375500a0 · 1995 · External reference
Autocatalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1038/nature05622 · 2007 · External reference
Structure and conformational dynamics of Clostridioides difficile toxin A
10.26508/lsa.202201383 · 2022 · External reference
Structure of the full-length Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1038/s41594-019-0268-0 · 2019 · External reference
Structural and functional insight into the interaction of Clostridioides difficile toxin B and FZD7
10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113727 · 2024 · External reference
Structural organization of the functional domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B
10.1073/pnas.1002199107 · 2010 · External reference
Structure-guided design of a synthetic bile acid that inhibits Clostridioides difficile TcdB toxin
10.1038/s41564-025-02179-1 · 2025 · External reference
Intestinal bile acids directly modulate the structure and function of C. difficile TcdB toxin
10.1073/pnas.1916965117 · 2020 · External reference
Structural dynamics of receptor recognition and pH-induced dissociation of full-length Clostridioides difficile Toxin B
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001589 · 2022 · External reference
Structural basis for recognition of frizzled proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1126/science.aar1999 · 2018 · External reference
Structural basis for CSPG4 as a receptor for TcdB and a therapeutic target in Clostridioides difficile infection
10.1038/s41467-021-23878-3 · 2021 · External reference
Antibody against TcdB, but not TcdA, prevents development of gastrointestinal and systemic Clostridium difficile disease
10.1093/infdis/jis669 · 2013 · External reference
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
10.1056/nejmoa1602615 · 2017 · External reference
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a Clostridioides difficile toxoid vaccine candidate: a phase 3 multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, controlled trial
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30331-5 · 2021 · External reference
CLOVER (CLOstridium difficile Vaccine Efficacy tRial) Study: A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of a Detoxified Toxin A/B Vaccine in Adults 50 Years and Older at Increased Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection
10.1093/cid/ciae410 · 2024 · External reference
A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Vaccines as Prophylaxis for Clostridium difficile Infections
10.3390/vaccines5030025 · 2017 · External reference
Status of vaccine research and development for Clostridium difficile
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.052 · 2019 · External reference
The End of Toxoid Vaccine Development for Preventing Clostridioides difficile Infections?
10.1093/cid/ciae412 · 2024 · External reference
Clostridium difficile 027/BI/NAP1 encodes a hypertoxic and antigenically variable form of TcdB
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003523 · 2013 · External reference
Exposure of neutralizing epitopes in the carboxyl-terminal domain of TcdB is altered by a proximal hypervariable region
10.1074/jbc.m114.612184 · 2015 · External reference
A segment of 97 amino acids within the translocation domain of Clostridium difficile toxin B is essential for toxicity
2013 · External reference
Cell-penetrating peptides derived from Clostridium difficile TcdB2 and a related large clostridial toxin
10.1074/jbc.m117.815373 · 2018 · External reference
Deletion of a 19-Amino-Acid Region in Clostridioides difficile TcdB2 Results in Spontaneous Autoprocessing and Reduced Cell Binding and Provides a Nontoxic Immunogen for Vaccination
10.1128/iai.00210-19 · 2019 · External reference
Clostridium difficile Toxin B causes epithelial cell necrosis through an autoprocessing-independent mechanism
10.1371/annotation/f9017013-88c8-44db-818b-08b9322f3814 · 2012 · External reference
Clostridium difficile glucosyltransferase toxin B-essential amino acids for substrate binding
10.1074/jbc.m703138200 · 2007 · External reference
Antibodies to Toxin B Are Protective Against Clostridium difficile Infection Recurrence
10.1093/cid/ciw364 · 2016 · External reference
Effect of Endogenous Clostridioides difficile Toxin Antibodies on Recurrence of C. difficile Infection
10.1093/cid/ciz809 · 2020 · External reference
Serum anti-toxin B antibody correlates with protection from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.144 · 2010 · External reference
Protection against Clostridium difficile infection with broadly neutralizing antitoxin monoclonal antibodies
10.1093/infdis/jis416 · 2012 · External reference
A sequence invariable region in TcdB2 is required for toxin escape from Clostridioides difficile
10.1128/jb.00096-24 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy and Safety of RBX2660 in PUNCH CD3, a Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial with a Bayesian Primary Analysis for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
10.1007/s40265-022-01797-x · 2022 · External reference
The glucosyltransferase activity of C. difficile Toxin B is required for disease pathogenesis
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008852 · 2020 · External reference
Intestinal bile acids provide a surmountable barrier against C. difficile TcdB-induced disease pathogenesis
10.1073/pnas.2301252120 · 2023 · External reference
The combined repetitive oligopeptides of clostridium difficile toxin A counteract premature cleavage of the glucosyl-transferase domain by stabilizing protein conformation
10.3390/toxins6072162 · 2014 · External reference
Masking autoprocessing of Clostridium difficile toxin A by the C-terminus combined repetitive oligo peptides
10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.095 · 2015 · External reference
Human C. difficile toxin-specific memory B cell repertoires encode poorly neutralizing antibodies
2020 · External reference
A multivalent mRNA-LNP vaccine protects against Clostridioides difficile infection
10.1126/science.adn4955 · 2024 · External reference
Mucosal vaccination clears Clostridioides difficile colonization
10.1038/s41586-026-10138-x · 2026 · External reference
The Murine Neonatal Fc Receptor Is Required for Transport of Immunization-Induced C. difficile-Specific IgG to the Gut and Protection against Disease but Does Not Affect Disease Susceptibility
10.1128/iai.00274-21 · 2021 · External reference
Memory B Cells Encode Neutralizing Antibody Specific for Toxin B from the Clostridium difficile Strains VPI 10463 and NAP1/BI/027 but with Superior Neutralization of VPI 10463 Toxin B
10.1128/iai.00011-15 · 2015 · External reference
Clostridioides difficile toxin B subverts germinal center and antibody recall responses by stimulating a drug-treatable CXCR4-dependent mechanism
10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114245 · 2024 · External reference
Clospore: a liquid medium for producing high titers of semi-purified spores of Clostridium difficile
10.1093/jaoac/94.2.618 · 2011 · External reference
Antibiotic-induced shifts in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome increase susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection
10.1038/ncomms4114 · 2014 · External reference
Cefoperazone-treated mice as an experimental platform to assess differential virulence of Clostridium difficile strains
10.4161/gmic.19142 · 2011 · External reference
The interplay between microbiome dynamics and pathogen dynamics in a murine model of Clostridium difficile Infection
10.4161/gmic.2.3.16333 · 2011 · External reference
UCSF ChimeraX: Meeting modern challenges in visualization and analysis
10.1002/pro.3235 · 2018 · External reference
UCSF ChimeraX: Meeting modern challenges in visualization and analysis
10.1002/pro.3235 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy and Safety of RBX2660 in PUNCH CD3, a Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial with a Bayesian Primary Analysis for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
10.1007/s40265-022-01797-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Masking autoprocessing of Clostridium difficile toxin A by the C-terminus combined repetitive oligo peptides
10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.095 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structural and functional insight into the interaction of Clostridioides difficile toxin B and FZD7
10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113727 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clostridioides difficile toxin B subverts germinal center and antibody recall responses by stimulating a drug-treatable CXCR4-dependent mechanism
10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114245 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Serum anti-toxin B antibody correlates with protection from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.144 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Status of vaccine research and development for Clostridium difficile
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.052 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a Clostridioides difficile toxoid vaccine candidate: a phase 3 multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, controlled trial
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30331-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Glucosylation of Rho proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1038/375500a0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Autocatalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1038/nature05622 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile
10.1038/nature07822 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection
10.1038/nature09397 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Frizzled proteins are colonic epithelial receptors for C. difficile toxin B
10.1038/nature19799 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antibiotic-induced shifts in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome increase susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection
10.1038/ncomms4114 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structural basis for CSPG4 as a receptor for TcdB and a therapeutic target in Clostridioides difficile infection
10.1038/s41467-021-23878-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structure-guided design of a synthetic bile acid that inhibits Clostridioides difficile TcdB toxin
10.1038/s41564-025-02179-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mucosal vaccination clears Clostridioides difficile colonization
10.1038/s41586-026-10138-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structure of the full-length Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1038/s41594-019-0268-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
10.1056/nejmoa1602615 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structural organization of the functional domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B
10.1073/pnas.1002199107 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intestinal bile acids directly modulate the structure and function of C. difficile TcdB toxin
10.1073/pnas.1916965117 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intestinal bile acids provide a surmountable barrier against C. difficile TcdB-induced disease pathogenesis
10.1073/pnas.2301252120 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Exposure of neutralizing epitopes in the carboxyl-terminal domain of TcdB is altered by a proximal hypervariable region
10.1074/jbc.m114.612184 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cell-penetrating peptides derived from Clostridium difficile TcdB2 and a related large clostridial toxin
10.1074/jbc.m117.815373 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Auto-catalytic cleavage of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B depends on cysteine protease activity
10.1074/jbc.m703062200 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clostridium difficile glucosyltransferase toxin B-essential amino acids for substrate binding
10.1074/jbc.m703138200 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Autocatalytic processing of Clostridium difficile toxin B. Binding of inositol hexakisphosphate
10.1074/jbc.m806002200 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CLOVER (CLOstridium difficile Vaccine Efficacy tRial) Study: A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of a Detoxified Toxin A/B Vaccine in Adults 50 Years and Older at Increased Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection
10.1093/cid/ciae410 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The End of Toxoid Vaccine Development for Preventing Clostridioides difficile Infections?
10.1093/cid/ciae412 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antibodies to Toxin B Are Protective Against Clostridium difficile Infection Recurrence
10.1093/cid/ciw364 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of Endogenous Clostridioides difficile Toxin Antibodies on Recurrence of C. difficile Infection
10.1093/cid/ciz809 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Protection against Clostridium difficile infection with broadly neutralizing antitoxin monoclonal antibodies
10.1093/infdis/jis416 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antibody against TcdB, but not TcdA, prevents development of gastrointestinal and systemic Clostridium difficile disease
10.1093/infdis/jis669 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clospore: a liquid medium for producing high titers of semi-purified spores of Clostridium difficile
10.1093/jaoac/94.2.618 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structural basis for recognition of frizzled proteins by Clostridium difficile toxin B
10.1126/science.aar1999 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A multivalent mRNA-LNP vaccine protects against Clostridioides difficile infection
10.1126/science.adn4955 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Memory B Cells Encode Neutralizing Antibody Specific for Toxin B from the Clostridium difficile Strains VPI 10463 and NAP1/BI/027 but with Superior Neutralization of VPI 10463 Toxin B
10.1128/iai.00011-15 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Deletion of a 19-Amino-Acid Region in Clostridioides difficile TcdB2 Results in Spontaneous Autoprocessing and Reduced Cell Binding and Provides a Nontoxic Immunogen for Vaccination
10.1128/iai.00210-19 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Murine Neonatal Fc Receptor Is Required for Transport of Immunization-Induced C. difficile-Specific IgG to the Gut and Protection against Disease but Does Not Affect Disease Susceptibility
10.1128/iai.00274-21 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A sequence invariable region in TcdB2 is required for toxin escape from Clostridioides difficile
10.1128/jb.00096-24 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Defining the Roles of TcdA and TcdB in Localized Gastrointestinal Disease, Systemic Organ Damage, and the Host Response during Clostridium difficile Infections
10.1128/mbio.00551-15 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clostridium difficile Toxin B causes epithelial cell necrosis through an autoprocessing-independent mechanism
10.1371/annotation/f9017013-88c8-44db-818b-08b9322f3814 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structural dynamics of receptor recognition and pH-induced dissociation of full-length Clostridioides difficile Toxin B
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001589 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clostridial glucosylating toxins enter cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis
10.1371/journal.pone.0010673 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clostridium difficile 027/BI/NAP1 encodes a hypertoxic and antigenically variable form of TcdB
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003523 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The glucosyltransferase activity of C. difficile Toxin B is required for disease pathogenesis
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008852 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structure and conformational dynamics of Clostridioides difficile toxin A
10.26508/lsa.202201383 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The combined repetitive oligopeptides of clostridium difficile toxin A counteract premature cleavage of the glucosyl-transferase domain by stabilizing protein conformation
10.3390/toxins6072162 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Vaccines as Prophylaxis for Clostridium difficile Infections
10.3390/vaccines5030025 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile-associated disease: Past and present perspectives
10.4161/gmic.1.1.10768 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cefoperazone-treated mice as an experimental platform to assess differential virulence of Clostridium difficile strains
10.4161/gmic.19142 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The interplay between microbiome dynamics and pathogen dynamics in a murine model of Clostridium difficile Infection
10.4161/gmic.2.3.16333 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
