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References from Cigarette Smoke Effects on Innate Immune Mechanisms in the Nasal Mucosa. Potential Effects on the Microbiome. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
How cigarette smoke skews immune responses to promote infection, lung disease and cancer
10.1038/nri2530 · 2009 · External reference
Cigarette smoking and inflammation: cellular and molecular mechanisms
10.1177/0022034511421200 · 2012 · External reference
Acrolein effects in pulmonary cells: relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06531.x · 2012 · External reference
Acrolein: a pulmonary hazard
10.1002/mnfr.201100279 · 2011 · External reference
Neutrophils released from the bone marrow by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor sequester in lung microvessels but are slow to migrate
10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.01516.x · 2000 · External reference
Cigarette smoke inhibits engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages through inhibition of actin rearrangement
10.1165/rcmb.2009-0463oc · 2011 · External reference
Cigarette smoke exposure impairs pulmonary bacterial clearance and alveolar macrophage complement-mediated phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae
10.1128/iai.00963-09 · 2010 · External reference
Neutrophil superoxide production in the presence of cigarette smoke extract, nicotine and cotinine
10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01894.x · 2012 · External reference
Toll-like receptor 2 expression is decreased on alveolar macrophages in cigarette smokers and COPD patients
10.1186/1465-9921-6-68 · 2005 · External reference
Cigarette smoke decreases MARCO expression in macrophages: implication in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
10.1016/j.rmed.2008.05.002 · 2008 · External reference
Cigarette smoke extract suppresses human dendritic cell function leading to preferential induction of Th-2 priming
10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2684 · 2005 · External reference
Function-associated surface molecules on airway dendritic cells in cigarette smokers
10.1165/rcmb.2007-0400oc · 2008 · External reference
Cigarette smoke attenuates the production of cytokines by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and enhances the release of IL-8 in response to TLR-9 stimulation
10.1186/1465-9921-10-47 · 2009 · External reference
Cigarette smoke suppresses TLR-7 stimulation in response to virus infection in plasmacytoid dendritic cells
10.1016/j.tiv.2011.03.011 · 2011 · External reference
Epithelial cells from smokers modify dendritic cell responses in the context of influenza infection
10.1165/rcmb.2010-0190oc · 2011 · External reference
Nasal lavage natural killer cell function is suppressed in smokers after live attenuated influenza virus
10.1186/1465-9921-12-102 · 2011 · External reference
Impairment of human NK cell cytotoxic activity and cytokine release by cigarette smoke
10.1189/jlb.0707481 · 2008 · External reference
Exposure to cigarette smoke suppresses IL-15 generation and its regulatory NK cell functions in poly I:C-augmented human PBMCs
10.1016/j.molimm.2009.06.009 · 2009 · External reference
Cigarette smoke attenuation of poly I:C-induced innate antiviral responses in human PBMC is mainly due to inhibition of IFN-beta production
10.1016/j.molimm.2008.09.007 · 2009 · External reference
Cigarette smoking and innate immunity
10.1007/s00011-008-8078-6 · 2008 · External reference
Human bronchial epithelial cell transcriptome: gene expression changes following acute exposure to whole cigarette smoke in vitro
10.1152/ajplung.00290.2006 · 2007 · External reference
Epithelial decision makers: in search of the ‘epimmunome.’
10.1038/ni.1905 · 2010 · External reference
Beta defensin-2 is reduced in central but not in distal airways of smoker COPD patients
10.1371/journal.pone.0033601 · 2012 · External reference
Enhanced expression of human β-defensin 2 in peripheral lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.013 · 2012 · External reference
Inflammatory response of lung macrophages and epithelial cells to tobacco smoke: a literature review of ex vivo investigations
10.1007/s12026-009-8133-6 · 2010 · External reference
Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA
10.1126/science.285.5428.727 · 1999 · External reference
ULBPs, novel MHC class I-related molecules, bind to CMV glycoprotein UL16 and stimulate NK cytotoxicity through the NKG2D receptor
10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00095-4 · 2001 · External reference
NKG2D ligands are expressed on stressed human airway epithelial cells
10.1152/ajplung.00327.2005 · 2006 · External reference
Ozone exposed epithelial cells modify cocultured natural killer cells
10.1152/ajplung.00256.2012 · 2013 · External reference
Sustained CTL activation by murine pulmonary epithelial cells promotes the development of COPD-like disease
10.1172/jci34462 · 2009 · External reference
Cytotoxic T cells expressing the co-stimulatory receptor NKG2 D are increased in cigarette smoking and COPD
10.1186/1465-9921-11-128 · 2010 · External reference
NKG2D mediates NK cell hyperresponsiveness and influenza-induced pathologies in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.4049/jimmunol.1102643 · 2012 · External reference
Smoking-induced gene expression changes in the bronchial airway are reflected in nasal and buccal epithelium
10.1186/1471-2164-9-259 · 2008 · External reference
Histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa induced by smoking
10.3109/08958370902767070 · 2009 · External reference
Reduced expression of IRF7 in nasal epithelial cells from smokers after infection with influenza
10.1165/rcmb.2009-0254oc · 2010 · External reference
Airway protease/antiprotease imbalance in atopic asthmatics contributes to increased influenza A virus cleavage and replication
10.1186/1465-9921-13-82 · 2012 · External reference
Sulforaphane induces SLPI secretion in the nasal mucosa
10.1016/j.rmed.2012.11.006 · 2013 · External reference
Alteration of the nasal responses to influenza virus by tobacco smoke
10.1097/aci.0b013e32834ecc80 · 2012 · External reference
Diesel exhaust exposure and nasal response to attenuated influenza in normal and allergic volunteers
10.1164/rccm.201103-0465oc · 2012 · External reference
Tobacco smoke exposure and altered nasal responses to live attenuated influenza virus
10.1289/ehp.1002258 · 2011 · External reference
Live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) induces different mucosal T cell function in nonsmokers and smokers
10.1016/j.clim.2011.12.013 · 2012 · External reference
Comparison of the respiratory microbiome in healthy nonsmokers and smokers
10.1164/rccm.201210-1913oc · 2013 · External reference
Recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers
10.1378/chest.127.6.2072 · 2005 · External reference
Effect of smoking cessation on the microbial flora
10.1001/archotol.133.2.135 · 2007 · External reference
Effects of exposure to smoking on the microbial flora of children and their parents
10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.01.006 · 2010 · External reference
The lung tissue microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
10.1164/rccm.201111-2075oc · 2012 · External reference
Analysis of the lung microbiome in the “healthy” smoker and in COPD
10.1371/journal.pone.0016384 · 2011 · External reference
Review: is lung inflammation associated with microbes and microbial toxins in cigarette tobacco smoke?
10.1007/s12026-009-8117-6 · 2010 · External reference
Human pathogens abundant in the bacterial metagenome of cigarettes
10.1289/ehp.0901201 · 2010 · External reference
Cigarette smoke and platelet-activating factor receptor dependent adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to lower airway cells
10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200835 · 2012 · External reference
Cigarette smoke increases Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation via oxidative stress
10.1128/iai.00689-12 · 2012 · External reference
