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References from TERT reactivation in thyroid cancer: mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
2018 · External reference
2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer
10.1089/thy.2015.0020 · 2016 · External reference
Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy
10.1210/jc.2005-2838 · 2006 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations in familial and sporadic melanoma
10.1126/science.1230062 · 2013 · External reference
Highly recurrent TERT promoter mutations in human melanoma
10.1126/science.1229259 · 2013 · External reference
Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation
10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013 · 2011 · External reference
Telomeres and telomerase: three decades of progress
10.1038/s41576-019-0099-1 · 2019 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer
10.1530/erc-15-0533 · 2016 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations and their association with BRAF V600E mutation and aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer
10.1210/jc.2013-4048 · 2014 · External reference
Frequent somatic TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: higher prevalence in advanced forms of the disease
10.1210/jc.2013-2383 · 2013 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations are a major indicator of poor outcome in differentiated thyroid carcinomas
10.1210/jc.2013-3734 · 2014 · External reference
BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations cooperatively identify the Most aggressive papillary thyroid cancer with highest recurrence
10.1200/jco.2014.55.5094 · 2014 · External reference
Prognostic effects of TERT promoter mutations are enhanced by coexistence with BRAF or RAS mutations and strengthen the risk prediction by the ATA or TNM staging system in differentiated thyroid cancer patients
10.1002/cncr.29934 · 2016 · External reference
Mortality risk stratification by combining BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations in papillary thyroid cancer
10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.3288 · 2017 · External reference
Coexisting RET/PTC and TERT promoter mutation predict poor prognosis but effective RET and MEK targeting in thyroid cancer
10.1210/clinem/dgae327 · 2024 · External reference
hTERT promotes tumor angiogenesis by activating VEGF via interactions with the Sp1 transcription factor
10.1093/nar/gkw549 · 2016 · External reference
Role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer
10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.10.001 · 2011 · External reference
Thyroid carcinoma-featured telomerase activation and telomere maintenance: biology and translational/clinical significance
10.1002/ctm2.1111 · 2022 · External reference
Frequency of TERT promoter mutations in real-world analysis of 2,092 thyroid carcinoma patients
10.3803/enm.2022.1477 · 2022 · External reference
Spectrum of TERT promoter mutations and mechanisms of activation in thyroid cancer
10.1002/cam4.2467 · 2019 · External reference
Genomic and transcriptomic hallmarks of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers
10.1172/jci85271 · 2016 · External reference
Association between TERT promoter mutations and clinical behaviors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1007/s12020-019-02117-2 · 2020 · External reference
Highly prevalent TERT promoter mutations in aggressive thyroid cancers
10.1530/erc-13-0210 · 2013 · External reference
Distinct transcriptional and prognostic impacts of TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T in papillary thyroid carcinoma
10.1530/erc-24-0058 · 2024 · External reference
Comparison of differentiated thyroid cancer in children and adolescents (≤20 years) with young adults
10.1111/cen.12845 · 2016 · External reference
Telomere attrition becomes an instrument for clonal selection in aging hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis
10.1038/s41588-025-02296-x · 2025 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal
10.1073/pnas.1303607110 · 2013 · External reference
Conserved features of TERT promoter duplications reveal an activation mechanism that mimics hotspot mutations in cancer
10.1038/s41467-022-33099-x · 2022 · External reference
The transcription factor GABP selectively binds and activates the mutant TERT promoter in cancer
10.1126/science.aab0015 · 2015 · External reference
Multiple ETS factors participate in the transcriptional control of TERT mutant promoter in thyroid cancers
10.3390/cancers14020357 · 2022 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations and GABP transcription factors in carcinogenesis: more foes than friends
10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.003 · 2020 · External reference
ETS factor ETV5 activates the mutant telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter in thyroid cancer
10.1089/thy.2018.0314 · 2019 · External reference
Regulation of mutant TERT by BRAF V600E/MAP kinase pathway through FOS/GABP in human cancer
10.1038/s41467-018-03033-1 · 2018 · External reference
The regulations of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in cancer
10.1038/s41419-024-06454-7 · 2024 · External reference
BRAF-induced EHF expression affects TERT in aggressive papillary thyroid cancer
10.1210/clinem/dgae589 · 2025 · External reference
DDX21 links BRAFV600E and TERT to promote thyroid cancer progression
10.1177/10507256261417697 · 2026 · External reference
Telomerase upregulation induces progression of mouse BrafV600E-driven thyroid cancers and triggers nontelomeric effects
10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0144 · 2023 · External reference
TERT accelerates BRAF mutant–induced thyroid cancer dedifferentiation and progression by regulating ribosome biogenesis
10.1126/sciadv.adg7125 · 2023 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations contribute to adverse clinical outcomes and poor prognosis in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
10.1038/s41598-024-75087-9 · 2024 · External reference
Genetic trio of BRAF and TERT alterations and rs2853669TT in papillary thyroid cancer aggressiveness
10.1093/jnci/djad265 · 2024 · External reference
Characterization of allele-specific regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase in promoter mutant thyroid cancer cell lines
10.1089/thy.2020.0055 · 2020 · External reference
TERT promoter methylation is associated with high expression of TERT and poor prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer
2024 · External reference
Risk stratification by combining common genetic mutations and TERT promoter methylation in papillary thyroid cancer
10.1007/s12020-024-03722-6 · 2024 · External reference
AURKB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways converge to regulate TERT expression
10.1016/j.isci.2025.113194 · 2025 · External reference
Aurora kinase B regulates telomerase activity via a centromeric RNA in stem cells
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.015 · 2015 · External reference
Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma
10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.050 · 2014 · External reference
The revolution of targeted therapies in thyroid cancer treatment: present and future promising anti-cancer drugs
10.3390/ijms26083663 · 2025 · External reference
Integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic characteristics associated with progression of aggressive thyroid cancer
10.1038/s41467-019-10680-5 · 2019 · External reference
Clinically aggressive follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive series with histomolecular characterization and discovery of novel gene fusions
10.1016/j.humpath.2024.105674 · 2024 · External reference
Telomere position effect: regulation of gene expression with progressive telomere shortening over long distances
10.1101/gad.251041.114 · 2014 · External reference
TRF2 and lamin A/C interact to facilitate the functional organization of chromosome ends
10.1038/ncomms6467 · 2014 · External reference
Comprehensive molecular analysis of immortalization hallmarks in thyroid cancer reveals new prognostic markers
10.1002/ctm2.1001 · 2022 · External reference
Genetic regulation of TERT splicing affects cancer risk by altering cellular longevity and replicative potential
10.1038/s41467-025-56947-y · 2025 · External reference
Differentiating alternative splice variant patterns of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in thyroid neoplasms
10.1089/thy.2008.0101 · 2008 · External reference
Telomere length is related to alternative splice patterns of telomerase in thyroid tumors
10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.056 · 2011 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations increase tumor aggressiveness by altering TERT mRNA splicing in papillary thyroid carcinoma
10.1210/clinem/dgae220 · 2024 · External reference
Telomerase directly regulates NF-κB-dependent transcription
10.1038/ncb2621 · 2012 · External reference
NF-κB in thyroid cancer: an update
10.3390/ijms252111464 · 2024 · External reference
NF-κB signaling activation and roles in thyroid cancers: implication of MAP3K14/NIK
10.1038/s41389-023-00496-w · 2023 · External reference
TERT upregulation promotes cell proliferation via degradation of p21 and increases carcinogenic potential
10.1002/path.6351 · 2024 · External reference
Promoter mutation-independent TERT expression is related to the immune-enriched milieu in papillary thyroid cancer
10.1530/erc-24-0068 · 2024 · External reference
TERT translocation to mitochondria: exploring its role in mitochondrial homeostasis
10.1371/journal.pgen.1011923 · 2025 · External reference
Extra-nuclear TERT counteracts oxidative stress and promotes progression in papillary thyroid carcinoma
10.1016/j.trsl.2024.04.004 · 2024 · External reference
Digital droplet PCR TERT promoter mutational screening in fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions: a highly specific technique for pre-operative identification of high-risk cases
10.1002/dc.25120 · 2023 · External reference
Pathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules with preoperatively detected TERT promoter mutations in the absence of BRAFV600E: A Bi-Center Series of 52 cases
10.1177/10507256251363450 · 2025 · External reference
Additional oncogenic alterations in RAS -driven differentiated thyroid cancers associate with worse clinicopathologic outcomes
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0278 · 2023 · External reference
Impact of the multi-gene ThyroSeq next-generation sequencing assay on cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules with Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance cytology
10.1089/thy.2015.0305 · 2015 · External reference
Targeted next-generation sequencing panel (ThyroSeq) for detection of mutations in thyroid cancer
10.1210/jc.2013-2292 · 2013 · External reference
Association of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations with clinicopathological features and prognosis of thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis
10.2147/ott.s116594 · 2016 · External reference
BRAF and TERT promoter mutations in the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of 653 patients
10.18632/oncotarget.7811 · 2016 · External reference
Genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of metastatic thyroid cancers with exceptional responses to radioactive iodine therapy
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2882 · 2023 · External reference
The genetic duet of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations robustly predicts loss of radioiodine avidity in recurrent papillary thyroid cancer
10.2967/jnumed.119.227652 · 2020 · External reference
TERT promoter mutation predicts radioiodine-refractory character in distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer
10.2967/jnumed.116.180240 · 2017 · External reference
Refining dynamic risk stratification and prognostic groups for differentiated thyroid cancer with TERT promoter mutations
10.1210/jc.2016-3434 · 2017 · External reference
Molecular classification of follicular thyroid carcinoma based on TERT promoter mutations
10.1038/s41379-021-00907-6 · 2022 · External reference
Genetic modification of the AJCC classification of papillary thyroid cancer: an international, multicentre, retrospective cohort study
10.1016/s1470-2045(25)00399-7 · 2025 · External reference
Disease-specific and histological outcomes of preoperative TERT promoter mutation detected in isolation or in combination with other mutations in thyroid neoplasms
10.1177/10507256251370304 · 2025 · External reference
Circulating tumour DNA is a potential biomarker for disease progression and response to targeted therapy in advanced thyroid cancer
10.1016/j.ejca.2018.08.013 · 2018 · External reference
Translational utility of liquid biopsies in thyroid cancer management
10.3390/cancers13143443 · 2021 · External reference
Clinical utility of circulating cell-free DNA mutations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
10.1089/thy.2020.0296 · 2021 · External reference
Limited clinical and diagnostic utility of circulating tumor DNA detection in patients with early-stage well-differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison with benign thyroid nodules and healthy individuals
10.3390/healthcare9040386 · 2021 · External reference
Urinary TERT promoter mutations are detectable up to 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer: evidence from the Golestan Cohort Study
10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102643 · 2020 · External reference
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection is associated with shorter progression-free survival in advanced melanoma patients
10.1038/s41598-020-75792-1 · 2020 · External reference
Quantifying TERT promoter mutations in tumor-derived DNA shed into the oral cavity as a potential biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma
10.3389/fonc.2025.1720783 · 2025 · External reference
TERT promoter mutations occur early in urothelial neoplasia and are biomarkers of early disease and disease recurrence in urine
10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2498 · 2013 · External reference
TERT promoter mutated circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1080/00365521.2020.1837928 · 2020 · External reference
Imetelstat, a novel, first-in-class telomerase inhibitor: mechanism of action, clinical, and translational science
10.1111/cts.70076 · 2024 · External reference
US food and drug administration approval summary: imetelstat for selected patients with low- to intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes with transfusion-dependent anemia
10.1200/jco-25-01369 · 2025 · External reference
Evaluation of the anticancer effect of telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 in anaplastic thyroid cancer in terms of apoptosis, migration and cell cycle
10.1007/s12032-023-02063-0 · 2023 · External reference
Telomerase reverse transcriptase degradation via a rationally designed covalent proteolysis targeting chimera
2025 · External reference
Telomerase peptide vaccination in NSCLC: a phase II trial in stage III patients vaccinated after chemoradiotherapy and an 8-year update on a phase I/II trial
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1385 · 2011 · External reference
A phase II open label trial evaluating safety and efficacy of a telomerase peptide vaccination in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1186/1471-2407-10-209 · 2010 · External reference
Telomerase peptide vaccination of patients with non-resectable pancreatic cancer: a dose escalating phase I/II study
10.1038/sj.bjc.6603437 · 2006 · External reference
Combining a universal telomerase based cancer vaccine with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma – five-year follow up of a phase I/IIa trial
10.3389/fimmu.2021.663865 · 2021 · External reference
Targeting telomerase with an HLA class II-restricted TCR for cancer immunotherapy
10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.11.019 · 2021 · External reference
Targeting telomerase reverse transcriptase with the covalent inhibitor NU-1 confers immunogenic radiation sensitization
10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.09.002 · 2022 · External reference
Clinical research progress of telomerase targeted cancer immunotherapy: a literature review
10.21037/tcr-24-196 · 2024 · External reference
A phase I/II escalation trial design T-RAD: treatment of metastatic lung cancer with mRNA-engineered T cells expressing a T cell receptor targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)
10.3389/fonc.2022.1031232 · 2022 · External reference
Redifferentiation therapies in thyroid oncology: molecular and clinical aspects
10.3390/jcm13237021 · 2024 · External reference
Advances in targeted therapy and biomarker research in thyroid cancer
10.3389/fendo.2024.1372553 · 2024 · External reference
