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References from Functional Exhaustion Limits CAR-NK Therapy in Glioblastoma but Can Be Mitigated by Early Repeated Dosing. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Intravenous and intracranial GD2-CAR T cells for H3K27M+ diffuse midline gliomas
10.1038/s41586-024-08171-9 · 2025 · External reference
A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvIII-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
2017 · External reference
HER2-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified Virus-Specific T Cells for Progressive Glioblastoma: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Trial
10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0184 · 2017 · External reference
Intrathecal bivalent CAR T cells targeting EGFR and IL13Rα2 in recurrent glioblastoma: phase 1 trial interim results
10.1038/s41591-024-02893-z · 2024 · External reference
Phase II Clinical Trial of “Off-the-Shelf” NK Cells with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with High-Risk Myeloid Malignancies
10.1182/blood-2024-211389 · 2024 · External reference
Safety, efficacy and determinants of response of allogeneic CD19-specific CAR-NK cells in CD19 + B cell tumors: a phase 1/2 trial
10.1038/s41591-023-02785-8 · 2024 · External reference
Intracranial injection of natural killer cells engineered with a HER2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
10.1093/neuonc/noad087 · 2023 · External reference
The safety and feasibility of multiple intrathecal injections of allogenic NK cells in pediatrics with refractory/recurrent brain tumors
10.1186/s12885-025-14314-6 · 2025 · External reference
Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells for Solid Tumors: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Frontiers in Immunotherapy
10.34133/cancomm.0023 · 2026 · External reference
CAR-Engineered NK Cells for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Turning Innate Effectors Into Precision Tools for Cancer Immunotherapy
10.3389/fimmu.2019.02683 · 2019 · External reference
Co-transducing B7H3 CAR-NK cells with the DNR preserves their cytolytic function against GBM in the presence of exogenous TGF-β
10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.010 · 2022 · External reference
Antitumor Responses in the Absence of Toxicity in Solid Tumors by Targeting B7-H3 via Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.002 · 2019 · External reference
B7-H3-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T cells target glioblastoma and neurospheres
10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.030 · 2019 · External reference
Transforming Growth Factor-beta Signaling in Immunity and Cancer
10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.024 · 2019 · External reference
Periostin (POSTN) Regulates Tumor Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapy in Glioma Models
10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0427 · 2016 · External reference
Targeting the αv integrin/TGF-β axis improves natural killer cell function against glioblastoma stem cells
10.1172/jci142116 · 2021 · External reference
Inhibition of the B7-H3 immune checkpoint limits tumor growth by enhancing cytotoxic lymphocyte function
10.1038/cr.2017.90 · 2017 · External reference
KIR-based inhibitory CARs overcome CAR-NK cell trogocytosis-mediated fratricide and tumor escape
10.1038/s41591-022-02003-x · 2022 · External reference
The Activating Human NK Cell Receptor KIR2DS2 Recognizes a β < sub > 2-Microglobulin–Independent Ligand on Cancer Cells
10.4049/jimmunol.1600930 · 2017 · External reference
Expression of IL-15 in NK cells results in rapid enrichment and selective cytotoxicity of gene-modified effectors that carry a tumor-specific antigen receptor
10.1007/s00262-012-1212-x · 2012 · External reference
Cord blood NK cells engineered to express IL-15 and a CD19-targeted CAR show long-term persistence and potent antitumor activity
10.1038/leu.2017.226 · 2018 · External reference
Loss of metabolic fitness drives tumor resistance after CAR-NK cell therapy and can be overcome by cytokine engineering
10.1126/sciadv.add6997 · 2023 · External reference
DNAM1 and 2B4 Costimulatory Domains Enhance the Cytotoxicity of Anti-GPC3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified Natural Killer Cells Against Hepatocellular Cancer Cells in vitro
10.2147/cmar.s253565 · 2020 · External reference
B7-H3-targeted natural killer cells effectively kill atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumors and extend survival in orthotopic xenografts
2026 · External reference
Adapting a transforming growth factor β–related tumor protection strategy to enhance antitumor immunity
10.1182/blood.v99.9.3179 · 2002 · External reference
Selecting the Best Donor for Haploidentical Transplant: Impact of HLA, Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genotyping, and Other Clinical Variables
10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.01.013 · 2018 · External reference
Role of Natural Killer Cell Alloreactivity in HLA-Mismatched Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
10.1182/blood.v94.1.333.413a31_333_339 · 1999 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2023 · External reference
Systemic IL-15 promotes allogeneic cell rejection in patients treated with natural killer cell adoptive therapy
10.1182/blood.2021011532 · 2022 · External reference
Hematopoietic cell transplantation donor-derived memory-like NK cells functionally persist after transfer into patients with leukemia
10.1126/scitranslmed.abm1375 · 2022 · External reference
Natural killer cell recognition of missing self
10.1038/ni0508-477 · 2008 · External reference
Hypoimmunogenic derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells evade immune rejection in fully immunocompetent allogeneic recipients
10.1038/s41587-019-0016-3 · 2019 · External reference
HLA-E-expressing pluripotent stem cells escape allogeneic responses and lysis by NK cells
10.1038/nbt.3860 · 2017 · External reference
Antitumor Effects of Intravenous Natural Killer Cell Infusion in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Murine Model and Gene Expression Profile Analysis
10.3390/ijms25042435 · 2024 · External reference
Natural killer cell therapy potentially enhances the antitumor effects of bevacizumab plus irinotecan in a glioblastoma mouse model
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009484 · 2022 · External reference
Antitumor effects of intracranial injection of B7-H3-targeted Car-T and Car-Nk cells in a patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft model
10.1007/s00262-024-03808-0 · 2024 · External reference
Interleukin-21 engineering enhances NK cell activity against glioblastoma via CEBPD
10.1016/j.ccell.2024.07.007 · 2024 · External reference
Gene Modification of Human Natural Killer Cells Using a Retroviral Vector
10.1007/978-1-4939-3684-7_17 · 2016 · External reference
CAR T Cells Targeting B7-H3, a Pan-Cancer Antigen, Demonstrate Potent Preclinical Activity Against Pediatric Solid Tumors and Brain Tumors
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0432 · 2019 · External reference
Abstract 1303: Quantification of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity using Celigo imaging cytometry
10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1303 · 2015 · External reference
High-throughput direct cell counting-based natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay using Celigo Imaging Cytometry (TUM2P. 1027)
10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.69.24 · 2015 · External reference
Biophotonic cytotoxicity assay for high-throughput screening of cytolytic killing
10.1016/j.jim.2004.11.021 · 2005 · External reference
Measuring Cytotoxicity by Bioluminescence Imaging Outperforms the Standard Chromium-51 Release Assay
10.1371/journal.pone.0089357 · 2014 · External reference
Assessing the safety of cytotoxic T lymphocytes transduced with a dominant negative transforming growth factor-beta receptor
10.1097/01.cji.0000192104.24583.ca · 2006 · External reference