Contact and support
Need help, have a question, or want to contact the ResearchHub team?
© 2026 ResearchHub. Built for responsible scholarly connection.
Research graph
References from The Representation of Different Populations in Studies Assessing the Validity of Consumer Wearable Photoplethysmography-Based Measurements: Scoping Review. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
The impact of wearable technologies in health research: scoping review
10.2196/34384 · External reference
Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement
10.1088/0967-3334/28/3/r01 · External reference
Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring
10.3390/bios11040126 · External reference
Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
10.1038/s41746-020-0226-6 · External reference
Monte Carlo analysis of optical heart rate sensors in commercial wearables: the effect of skin tone and obesity on the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal
10.1364/boe.439893 · External reference
Limiting racial disparities and bias for wearable devices in health science research
10.1093/sleep/zsaa159 · External reference
Wearable devices-addressing bias and inequity
10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00194-7 · External reference
Health data poverty: an assailable barrier to equitable digital health care
10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30317-4 · External reference
Keeping pace with wearables: a living umbrella review of systematic reviews evaluating the accuracy of consumer wearable technologies in health measurement
10.1007/s40279-024-02077-2 · External reference
Reliability and validity of commercially available wearable devices for measuring steps, energy expenditure, and heart rate: systematic review
10.2196/18694 · External reference
Accuracy of heart rate measurement with wrist-worn wearable devices in various skin tones: a systematic review
10.1007/s40615-022-01446-9 · External reference
Wearable device validity in measuring steps, energy expenditure, and heart rate across age, gender, and body mass index: data analysis from a systematic review
10.1123/jpah.2022-0160 · External reference
Impact of skin pigmentation on pulse oximetry blood oxygenation and wearable pulse rate accuracy: systematic review and meta-analysis
10.2196/62769 · External reference
Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework
10.1080/1364557032000119616 · External reference
10.2196/87324 · Admitted local publication
PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation
10.7326/m18-0850 · External reference
Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable heart rate devices: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE network
10.1136/bjsports-2020-103148 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI
10.1001/archderm.124.6.869 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Underrepresentation of elderly people in randomised controlled trials. The example of trials of 4 widely prescribed drugs
10.1371/journal.pone.0033559 · External reference
A framework for evaluating the diversity of clinical trials
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111299 · External reference
10.1109/metrolivenv56897.2023.10164071
10.1109/metrolivenv56897.2023.10164071 · External reference
Accuracy of Apple Watch measurements for heart rate and energy expenditure in patients with cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional study
10.2196/11889 · External reference
Accuracy of wearable electronic device compared to manual and automatic methods of blood pressure determination
10.1007/s11517-023-02869-0 · External reference
10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856533
10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856533 · External reference
Validating the accuracy of a multifunctional smartwatch sphygmomanometer to monitor blood pressure
10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.11.004 · External reference
Accuracy of vital signs measurements by a smartwatch and a portable health device: validation study
10.2196/16811 · External reference
Enhancing cardiac postoperative care: a smartwatch-integrated remote telemonitoring platform for health screening with ECG analysis
10.3389/fcvm.2024.1443998 · External reference
Validity of two consumer multisport activity tracker and one accelerometer against polysomnography for measuring sleep parameters and vital data in a laboratory setting in sleep patients
10.3390/s22239540 · External reference
10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856464
10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856464 · External reference
Reliability of continuous vital sign monitoring in post-operative patients employing consumer-grade fitness trackers: a randomised pilot trial
10.1177/20552076241254026 · External reference
Impact of placement of Fitbit HR under laboratory and free-living conditions
10.3390/su12166306 · External reference
Validity of a consumer-based wearable to measure clinical parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy controls: observational study
10.2196/56027 · External reference
Comparative evaluation of heart rate-based monitors: Apple Watch vs Fitbit Charge HR
10.1080/02640414.2017.1412235 · External reference
Accuracy assessment of Oura Ring nocturnal heart rate and heart rate variability in comparison with electrocardiography in time and frequency domains: comprehensive analysis
10.2196/27487 · External reference
A validation of six wearable devices for estimating sleep, heart rate and heart rate variability in healthy adults
10.3390/s22166317 · External reference
Concurrent heart rate validity of wearable technology devices during trail running
10.1371/journal.pone.0238569 · External reference
Assessing the accuracy of popular commercial technologies that measure resting heart rate and heart rate variability
10.3389/fspor.2021.585870 · External reference
10.1007/978-3-031-34586-9_2
10.1007/978-3-031-34586-9_2 · External reference
Validity of wearable activity monitors during cycling and resistance exercise
10.1249/mss.0000000000001471 · External reference
In-ear pulse rate measurement: a valid alternative to heart rate derived from electrocardiography?
10.3390/s19173641 · External reference
Assessing heart rate using Consumer Technology Association standards
10.3390/technologies9030046 · External reference
Consumer wearable devices for activity monitoring among individuals after a stroke: a prospective comparison
10.2196/cardio.8199 · External reference
Performance of a commercial smart watch compared to polysomnography reference for overnight continuous oximetry measurement and sleep apnea evaluation
10.5664/jcsm.11178 · External reference
Comprehensive comparison of Apple Watch and Fitbit monitors in a free-living setting
10.1371/journal.pone.0251975 · External reference
Variable accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors during aerobic exercise
10.1249/mss.0000000000001284 · External reference
Accuracy of PurePulse photoplethysmography technology of Fitbit Charge 2 for assessment of heart rate during sleep
10.1080/07420528.2019.1596947 · External reference
Investigating the accuracy of blood oxygen saturation measurements in common consumer smartwatches
10.1371/journal.pdig.0000296 · External reference
Accuracy of commercially available heart rate monitors in athletes: a prospective study
10.21037/cdt.2019.06.05 · External reference
Accuracy in wrist-worn, sensor-based measurements of heart rate and energy expenditure in a diverse cohort
10.3390/jpm7020003 · External reference
How accurate are the wrist-based heart rate monitors during walking and running activities? Are they accurate enough?
10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000106 · External reference
The accuracy of heart rate monitoring by some wrist-worn activity trackers
10.7326/l16-0353 · External reference
Estimating accuracy at exercise intensities: a comparative study of self-monitoring heart rate and physical activity wearable devices
10.2196/mhealth.7043 · External reference
Are currently available wearable devices for activity tracking and heart rate monitoring accurate, precise, and medically beneficial?
10.4258/hir.2015.21.4.315 · External reference
“But for the blind spot”: accuracy and diagnostic performance of smart watch cardiac features in pediatric patients
10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.01.021 · External reference
Accuracy of wrist-worn heart rate monitors
10.1001/jamacardio.2016.3340 · External reference
Feasibility of using an armband optical heart rate sensor in naturalistic environment
10.1142/9789811270611_0005 · External reference
Congruent accuracy of wrist-worn activity trackers during controlled and free-living conditions
10.70252/ubbt6886 · External reference
A comparison of manual electrocardiographic interval and waveform analysis in lead 1 of 12-lead ECG and Apple Watch ECG: a validation study
10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.07.002 · External reference
Accuracy of the Apple Watch 4 to measure heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
10.1109/jtehm.2019.2950397 · External reference
Validation of photoplethysmography as a method to detect heart rate during rest and exercise
10.3109/03091902.2015.1047536 · External reference
Validity of wrist-worn consumer products to measure heart rate and energy expenditure
10.1177/2055207618770322 · External reference
Heart rate measures from the Apple Watch, Fitbit Charge HR 2, and electrocardiogram across different exercise intensities
10.1080/02640414.2018.1560644 · External reference
10.1145/3453892.3462647
10.1145/3453892.3462647 · External reference
An investigation of heartrate sensing accuracy by wrist-worn fitness tracking devices
10.1109/embc.2019.8856375 · External reference
Accuracy and reliability of commercial wrist-worn pulse oximeter during normobaric hypoxia exposure under resting conditions
10.1080/02701367.2020.1759768 · External reference
Validation of Garmin and Polar devices for continuous heart rate monitoring during common training movements in tactical populations
10.1080/1091367x.2022.2161820 · External reference
Commercial smart watches and heart rate monitors: a concurrent validity analysis
10.1519/jsc.0000000000004482 · External reference
A comparison of multiple wearable technology devices heart rate and step count measurements during free motion and treadmill based measurements
10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.2p.30 · External reference
Comparative accuracy of a wrist-worn activity tracker and a smart shirt for physical activity assessment
10.1080/1091367x.2017.1331166 · External reference
Validity and reliability of wearable devices during self-paced walking, jogging and overground skipping
10.26773/smj.231004 · External reference
Accuracy of heart rate and energy expenditure estimations of wrist-worn and arm-worn Apple watches
10.1123/jmpb.2018-0061 · External reference
Validation of four smartwatches in energy expenditure and heart rate assessment during exergaming
10.1089/g4h.2018.0087 · External reference
Validation of a self-monitoring tool for use in exercise therapy
10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.03.012 · External reference
Measures of sleep and cardiac functioning during sleep using a multi-sensory commercially-available wristband in adolescents
10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.006 · External reference
Accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors in cardiac rehabilitation
10.21037/cdt.2019.04.08 · External reference
Heart rate measurements in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: prospective pilot study assessing Apple Watch’s agreement with telemetry data
10.2196/18050 · External reference
Accuracy of wrist-worn activity monitors during common daily physical activities and types of structured exercise: evaluation study
10.2196/10338 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Validity and wearability of consumer-based fitness trackers in free-living children
10.70252/bbtu4889 · External reference
Accuracy and role of consumer facing wearable technology for continuous monitoring during endoscopic procedures
10.3389/fdgth.2024.1422929 · External reference
Validity of heart rate variability measured with Apple Watch Series 6 compared to laboratory measures
10.3390/s25082380 · External reference
Validation of aerobic capacity (VO2max) and pulse oximetry in wearable technology
10.3390/s25010275 · External reference
Accuracy of the Apple Watch Series 9 for measures of energy expenditure and heart rate at rest and during exercise: impact of skin pigmentation
10.3390/jfmk9040275 · External reference
Investigating the accuracy of Garmin PPG sensors on differing skin types based on the Fitzpatrick scale: cross-sectional comparison study
10.3389/fdgth.2025.1553565 · External reference
Validity and reliability of wearable technology devices during simulated pickleball game play
10.3390/sports12090234 · External reference
Heart rate monitoring among breast cancer survivors: quantitative study of device agreement in a community-based exercise program
10.2196/51210 · External reference
Validity of wrist-worn activity tracker heart rate detection in Fontan patients during exercise
10.1249/mss.0000000000003567 · External reference
Can caregivers reliably assess their child’s heart rate and respiration rate using smartphone or smartwatch applications?
10.1097/pec.0000000000003400 · External reference
A validation study versus portable polysomnography
10.1111/jsr.13346 · External reference
Assessment of the Fitbit Charge 2 for monitoring heart rate
10.1371/journal.pone.0192691 · External reference
Accuracy and precision of wearable devices for real-time monitoring of swimming athletes
10.3390/s22134726 · External reference
Accuracy of a wrist-worn heart rate sensing device during elective pediatric surgical procedures
10.3390/children5030038 · External reference
10.1007/978-3-031-49062-0_3
10.1007/978-3-031-49062-0_3 · External reference
Validity of peripheral oxygen saturation measurements with the Garmin Fēnix 5X plus wearable device at 4559 m
10.3390/s21196363 · External reference
Assessment of non-invasive measurements of oxygen saturation and heart rate with an Apple smartwatch: comparison with a standard pulse oximeter
10.3390/jcm11061467 · External reference
10.1109/memea.2019.8802216
10.1109/memea.2019.8802216 · External reference
Wearable electrocardiography for physical activity monitoring: definition of validation protocol and automatic classification
10.3390/bios13020154 · External reference
10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797108
10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797108 · External reference
Heart rate and distance measurement of two multisport activity trackers and a cellphone app in different sports: a cross-sectional validation and comparison field study
10.3390/s22010180 · External reference
Wrist-worn wearables for monitoring heart rate and energy expenditure while sitting or performing light-to-vigorous physical activity: validation study
10.2196/16716 · External reference
10.1145/3173574.3173719
10.1145/3173574.3173719 · External reference
Accuracy and systematic biases of heart rate measurements by consumer-grade fitness trackers in postoperative patients: prospective clinical trial
10.2196/42359 · External reference
Heart rate measurement accuracy of Fitbit Charge 4 and Samsung Galaxy Watch Active2: device evaluation study
10.2196/33635 · External reference
Accuracy of the Apple Watch oxygen saturation measurement in adults and children with congenital heart disease
10.1007/s00246-022-02987-w · External reference
Validation and application of wrist-worn wearable physiological measures in psychotherapy
10.1007/s10608-025-10601-5 · External reference
Oxygen saturation measurement in cyanotic heart disease with the Apple Watch
10.1017/s1047951124025216 · External reference
10.24251/hicss.2024.385
10.24251/hicss.2024.385 · External reference
Accuracy of wrist-worn heart rate monitors for rate control assessment in atrial fibrillation
10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.120 · External reference
Reliability of the Polar Vantage M sports watch when measuring heart rate at different treadmill exercise intensities
10.3390/sports8090117 · External reference
Variable agreement between wearable heart rate monitors during exercise in cystic fibrosis
10.1183/23120541.00006-2019 · External reference
10.1109/icaccaf.2016.7748986
10.1109/icaccaf.2016.7748986 · External reference
Validation of Polar OH1 optical heart rate sensor for moderate and high intensity physical activities
10.1371/journal.pone.0217288 · External reference
Smart watches for heart rate assessment in atrial arrhythmias
10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.073 · External reference
Validity of the Polar Vantage M watch when measuring heart rate at different exercise intensities
10.7717/peerj.10893 · External reference
Validity of Apple Watch, Garmin Forerunner 935 and GENEActiv for estimating energy expenditure during close quarter battle training in Special Forces soldiers
10.1002/ejsc.12080 · External reference
Accuracy of heart rate watches: implications for weight management
10.1371/journal.pone.0154420 · External reference
Accuracy of smartwatch pulse oximetry measurements in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019
10.1016/j.mcpdig.2024.02.001 · External reference
Comparing a Fitbit wearable to an electrocardiogram gold standard as a measure of heart rate under psychological stress: a validation study
10.2196/37885 · External reference
Accuracy of a wrist-worn wearable device for monitoring heart rates in hospital inpatients: a prospective observational study
10.2196/jmir.6025 · External reference
Comparison of Apple Watch vs KardiaMobile: a tale of two devices
10.1016/j.cjco.2022.07.011 · External reference
Assessment of Apple Watch Series 6 pulse oximetry and electrocardiograms in a pediatric population
10.1371/journal.pdig.0000051 · External reference
Assessing the use of wrist-worn devices in patients with heart failure: feasibility study
10.2196/cardio.8301 · External reference
10.1109/percomworkshops51409.2021.9431120
10.1109/percomworkshops51409.2021.9431120 · External reference
Common wearable devices demonstrate variable accuracy in measuring heart rate during supraventricular tachycardia
10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.02.018 · External reference
Comparison of Polar M600 optical heart rate and ECG heart rate during exercise
10.1249/mss.0000000000001388 · External reference
Validity of heart rate measurements in wrist-based monitors across skin tones during exercise
10.1371/journal.pone.0318724 · External reference
Agreement of the Apple Watch and Fitbit Charge for recording step count and heart rate when exercising in water
10.1007/s11517-022-02536-w · External reference
On-device filter design for self-identifying inaccurate heart rate readings on wrist-worn PPG sensors
10.1109/access.2020.3025776 · External reference
Accuracy of wearable devices for measuring heart rate during conventional and Nordic walking
10.1002/pmrj.12424 · External reference
Accuracy verification of heart rate and energy consumption tracking devices to develop forest-based customized health care service programs
10.11628/ksppe.2019.22.2.219 · External reference
Assessing accuracy of wrist-worn wearable devices in measurement of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia heart rate
10.4070/kcj.2018.0323 · External reference
Validating a consumer smartwatch for nocturnal respiratory rate measurements in sleep monitoring
10.3390/s23187976 · External reference
Performance evaluation of a wrist-worn reflectance pulse oximeter during sleep
10.1016/j.sleh.2022.04.003 · External reference
Comparison of a wearable tracker with actigraph for classifying physical activity intensity and heart rate in children
10.3390/ijerph16152663 · External reference
Validation of wearable digital devices for heart rate measurement during exercise test in patients with coronary artery disease
10.5535/arm.23019 · External reference
The validity and inter-device variability of the Apple Watch for measuring maximal heart rate
10.1080/02640414.2017.1397282 · External reference
Version reporting and assessment approaches for new and updated activity and heart rate monitors
10.3390/s19071705 · External reference
The accuracy of wrist-worn heart rate monitors across a range of exercise intensities
10.12691/jpar-2-2-8 · External reference
10.1109/bsn.2018.8329679
10.1109/bsn.2018.8329679 · External reference
Validity and reliability of the Apple Watch for measuring heart rate during exercise
10.1055/s-0043-120195 · External reference
Measurement of heart rate using the Polar OH1 and Fitbit Charge 3 wearable devices in healthy adults during light, moderate, vigorous, and sprint-based exercise: validation study
10.2196/25313 · External reference
The validity of two widely used commercial and research-grade activity monitors, during resting, household and activity behaviours
10.1007/s12553-019-00392-7 · External reference
10.22489/cinc.2023.237
10.22489/cinc.2023.237 · External reference
Accuracy of smartwatches for the remote assessment of exercise capacity
10.1038/s41598-024-74140-x · External reference
Agreement between two photoplethysmography-based wearable devices for monitoring heart rate during different physical activity situations: a new analysis methodology
10.1038/s41598-022-18356-9 · External reference
Validation of the Apple Watch for heart rate variability measurements during relax and mental stress in healthy subjects
10.3390/s18082619 · External reference
Are activity wrist-worn devices accurate for determining heart rate during intense exercise?
10.3390/bioengineering10020254 · External reference
Accuracy of a smartwatch to assess heart rate monitoring and atrial fibrillation in stroke patients
10.3390/s23104632 · External reference
Concurrent validity of the Polar Precision Prime photoplethysmographic system to measure heart rate during a tennis training session
10.1177/17543371231165102 · External reference
Comparison between photoplethysmographic heart rate monitor from Polar Vantage M and Polar V800 with H10 chest strap while running on a treadmill: validation of the Polar Precision Prime photoplethysmographic system
10.1177/1754337120976659 · External reference
Pilot study assessing the influence of skin type on the heart rate measurements obtained by photoplethysmography with the Apple Watch
10.1007/s10916-019-1325-2 · External reference
Heart rate measurement accuracy during intermittent efforts under laboratory conditions: a comparative analysis between chest straps and armband
10.3390/app142411872 · External reference
Validity of heart rate measurements by the Garmin Forerunner 225 at different walking intensities
10.1080/03091902.2017.1333166 · External reference
Smartwatch-based blood pressure measurement demonstrates insufficient accuracy
10.3389/fcvm.2022.958212 · External reference
10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781880
10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781880 · External reference
Continuous heart rate measurements in patients with cardiac disease: device comparison and development of a novel artefact removal procedure
10.1177/20552076251337598 · External reference
HRV monitoring using commercial wearable devices as a health indicator for older persons during the pandemic
10.3390/s22052001 · External reference
Criterion validity and accuracy of a heart rate monitor
10.5114/hm.2021.104188 · External reference
Assessment of Samsung Galaxy Watch4 PPG-based heart rate during light-to-vigorous physical activities
10.1109/lsens.2024.3408089 · External reference
Comparison of SpO and heart rate values on Apple Watch and conventional commercial oximeters devices in patients with lung disease
10.1038/s41598-021-98453-3 · External reference
Heart rate responses, agreement and accuracy among persons with severe disabilities participating in the indirect movement program: Team Twin—an observational study
10.3389/fspor.2023.1213655 · External reference
Evaluation of commercial self-monitoring devices for clinical purposes: results from the Future Patient Trial, phase I
10.3390/s17010211 · External reference
Assessment of noninvasive oxygen saturation in patients with COPD during pulmonary rehabilitation: smartwatch versus pulse oximeter
10.4187/respcare.10760 · External reference
Accuracy of the Apple Watch Series 6 and the Whoop Band 3.0 for assessing heart rate during resistance exercises
10.1080/02640414.2023.2180160 · External reference
Accuracy of the wearable activity tracker Garmin Forerunner 235 for the assessment of heart rate during rest and activity
10.1080/02640414.2018.1535563 · External reference
Measurement latency significantly contributes to reduced heart rate measurement accuracy in wearable devices
10.1080/03091902.2020.1753836 · External reference
10.1145/3329189.3329215
10.1145/3329189.3329215 · External reference
Validation of ambulatory monitoring devices to measure energy expenditure and heart rate in a military setting
10.1088/1361-6579/ac19f9 · External reference
A functionality, safety and validity study of innovative REACH devices
10.4017/gt.2017.16.3.007.00 · External reference
Validation of Fitbit Charge 2 sleep and heart rate estimates against polysomnographic measures in shift workers: naturalistic study
10.2196/26476 · External reference
Wrist-worn and arm-worn wearables for monitoring heart rate during sedentary and light-to-vigorous physical activities: device validation study
10.2196/67110 · External reference
Feasible assessment of recovery and cardiovascular health: accuracy of nocturnal HR and HRV assessed via ring PPG in comparison to medical grade ECG
10.1088/1361-6579/ab840a · External reference
Validity of the wrist-worn Polar Vantage V2 to measure heart rate and heart rate variability at rest
10.3390/s22010137 · External reference
A comprehensive accuracy assessment of Samsung smartwatch heart rate and heart rate variability
10.1371/journal.pone.0268361 · External reference
Accuracy and reliability of pulse O2 saturation measured by a wrist-worn oximeter
10.1055/a-1337-2790 · External reference
Accuracy of heart-rate-recovery parameters assessed from a wrist-worn photoplethysmography monitor (Polar Unite)
10.1123/ijspp.2023-0120 · External reference
Parameters influencing the accuracy of a wrist photoplethysmography heart-rate monitor (Polar Unite) during exercise
10.1123/ijspp.2022-0288 · External reference
Reliability and accuracy of the Fitbit Charge 4 photoplethysmography heart rate sensor in ecological conditions: validation study
10.2196/54871 · External reference
Accuracy of consumer-level and research-grade activity trackers in ambulatory settings in older adults
10.1371/journal.pone.0216891 · External reference
10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629522
10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629522 · External reference
The validity of Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 for serial measurements of heart rate variability and resting heart rate
10.3390/s24196220 · External reference
Heart rate measures from wrist-worn activity trackers in a laboratory and free-living setting: validation study
10.2196/14120 · External reference
Fitbit Charge HR wireless heart rate monitor: validation study conducted under free-living conditions
10.2196/mhealth.8233 · External reference
Validation of an open-source smartwatch for continuous monitoring of physical activity and heart rate in adults
10.3390/s25092926 · External reference
Smartwatch-derived heart rate variability: a head-to-head comparison with the gold standard in cardiovascular disease
10.1093/ehjdh/ztad022 · External reference
Validity of four consumer‐grade optical heart rate sensors for assessing volume and intensity distribution of physical activity
10.1111/sms.14756 · External reference
Validity of Hera Leto consumer earbuds for heart rate monitoring during stationary cycling
10.1038/s41598-025-00559-5 · External reference
Commercial smartwatch with pulse oximeter detects short-time hypoxemia as well as standard medical-grade device: validation study
10.1177/20552076221132127 · External reference
Evaluation of leading smartwatches for the detection of hypoxemia: comparison to reference oximeter
10.3390/s23229164 · External reference
Continuous monitoring of vital signs with wearable sensors during daily life activities: validation study
10.2196/30863 · External reference
Accuracy of heart rate measurement by the Fitbit Charge 2 during wheelchair activities in people with spinal cord injury: instrument validation study
10.2196/27637 · External reference
10.1109/ibitec59006.2023.10390911
10.1109/ibitec59006.2023.10390911 · External reference
Accuracy of Apple Watch to measure cardiovascular indices in patients with chronic diseases: a cross sectional study
10.2147/jmdh.s449071 · External reference
Accuracy of wrist-worn wearable devices for determining exercise intensity
10.1177/20552076221124393 · External reference
Accuracy of optical heart rate sensing technology in wearable fitness trackers for young and older adults: validation and comparison study
10.2196/14707 · External reference
Accuracy of the Apple Watch in measuring oxygen saturation: comparison with pulse oximetry and ABG
10.1007/s11845-023-03456-w · External reference
Diagnostic accuracy of Apple Watch ECG outputs in identifying dysrhythmias: a comparison with 12-lead ECG in emergency department
10.1016/j.ajem.2024.01.046 · External reference
Comparative assessment of smartwatch photoplethysmography accuracy
10.1109/lsens.2023.3342292 · External reference
Evaluation of telemetric single-lead cardiac transmitter and Apple Watch for heart rate monitoring: implications for heart failure management in home care
10.7759/cureus.80232 · External reference
Evaluation of wrist-worn photoplethysmography trackers with an electrocardiogram in patients with ischemic heart disease: a validation study
10.1007/s13239-023-00693-z · External reference
10.2139/ssrn.5412841
10.2139/ssrn.5412841 · External reference
Accuracy of the Apple Watch Series 4 and Fitbit Versa for assessing energy expenditure and heart rate of wheelchair users during treadmill wheelchair propulsion: cross-sectional study
10.2196/52312 · External reference
10.1145/3205946.3205954
10.1145/3205946.3205954 · External reference
Wristbands in home-based rehabilitation-validation of heart rate measurement
10.3390/s22010060 · External reference
Wrist-worn activity trackers in laboratory and free-living settings for patients with chronic pain: criterion validity study
10.2196/24806 · External reference
Improving heart rate estimation on consumer grade wrist-worn device using post-calibration approach
10.1109/jsen.2020.2979191 · External reference
Nocturnal finger skin temperature in menstrual cycle tracking: ambulatory pilot study using a wearable Oura Ring
10.1186/s12905-019-0844-9 · External reference
Has the STARD statement improved the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies published in European Radiology?
10.1007/s00330-022-09008-7 · External reference
Does the CONSORT checklist improve the quality of reports of randomised controlled trials? A systematic review
10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00557.x · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: Consensus Document 2011
10.1139/h11-062 · External reference
Melanometry for objective evaluation of skin pigmentation in pulse oximetry studies
10.1038/s43856-024-00550-7 · External reference