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References from Antimicrobial Resistance Across Four Iraqi Governorates: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Surveillance Analysis With Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship Policy and WHO AWaRe–Aligned Public Health Strategies. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02724-0 · External reference
Antimicrobial resistance: a rising global threat to public health
10.2147/idr.s530557 · External reference
Antimicrobial resistance: a concise update
10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.010 · External reference
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Antibiotic resistance in the Middle East and Southern Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1093/jacamr/dlaf010 · External reference
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A review of antibiotic misuse and bacterial resistance in Iraq
10.26719/2024.30.10.663 · External reference
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Iraq: a comprehensive data collection approach
10.14500/aro.11689 · External reference
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Perceptions and practices of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial stewardship program in Erbil City, Iraq: a cross-sectional study: community pharmacists towards antimicrobial stewardship program
10.15218/zjms.2025.045 · External reference
An analysis of existing national action plans for antimicrobial resistance-gaps and opportunities in strategies optimising antibiotic use in human populations
10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00019-0 · External reference
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Multiple drugs resistance among urinary tract infection patients in Duhok City –Kurdistan region –Iraq
10.31386/dmj.2019.13.1.3 · External reference
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Trend of antibiotics usage in the intensive care unit in the medical city in Baghdad
10.31351/vol25iss1pp50-58 · External reference
Antimicrobial resistance and the Iraq wars: armed conflict as an underinvestigated pathway with growing significance
10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010863 · External reference
Prevalence and pattern of antibiotic use and resistance among Iraqi patients: a cross-sectional study
10.4314/ahs.v24i3.7 · External reference
Misuse of antibiotics in Iraq: a review of Iraqi published studies
10.32947/ajps.v21i2.805 · External reference
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies
10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · External reference
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: a fundamental shift in the routine practice of clinical microbiology
10.1128/cmr.00072-12 · External reference
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Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance
10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x · External reference
World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
10.1001/jama.2013.281053 · External reference
Antibiotic resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013 · External reference
Ceftriaxone resistance among patients at GAMBY teaching general hospital
10.1038/s41598-022-16132-3 · External reference
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Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance
10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00473-0 · External reference
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Infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus containing the vanA resistance gene
10.1056/nejmoa025025 · External reference
The prevalence of cephalosporins resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens in Basra, Iraq
10.32792/utq/utjsci/v10i1(si).1010 · External reference
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Global variation in antibiotic prescribing guidelines and the implications for decreasing AMR in the future
10.3389/fphar.2025.1600787 · External reference
The WHO essential medicines list AWaRe book: from a list to a quality improvement system
10.1016/j.cmi.2022.08.009 · External reference
The and prevention of antimicrobial resistance
10.2471/blt.22.288614 · External reference
Encouraging AWaRe-ness and discouraging inappropriate antibiotic use-the new 2019 Essential Medicines List becomes a global antibiotic stewardship tool
10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30532-8 · External reference
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Exposure to World Health Organization’s AWaRe antibiotics and isolation of multidrug resistant bacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.014 · External reference
Assessment of WHO antibiotic consumption and access targets in 76 countries, 2000-15: an analysis of pharmaceutical sales data
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30332-7 · External reference
The WHO AWaRe Antibiotic Book: providing guidance on optimal use and informing policy
10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00683-1 · External reference
Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries
10.1093/jacamr/dlaf031 · External reference
A multicentre point prevalence survey of hospital antibiotic prescribing and quality indices in the Kurdistan regional government of Northern Iraq: the need for urgent action
10.1080/14787210.2021.1834852 · External reference
Status and implications of the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards AWaRe antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship among low- and middle-income countries
10.1093/jacamr/dlaf033 · External reference
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Iraqi parents regarding antibiotic use in children and the implications
10.3390/antibiotics14040376 · External reference
A simulated client study on non-prescription antibiotic sales and counselling practices in Iraqi nurse-led clinics: implications for antimicrobial resistance
10.2147/idr.s533590 · External reference
Dispensing antibiotics without prescription in the Arab world: a narrative review of the prevalence, appropriateness, facilitators and preventive interventions
10.21608/bfsa.2023.301131 · External reference
Developing AWaRe-ness in primary care across low- and middle-income countries - a vital challenge for antibiotic stewardship programs
10.1080/14787210.2026.2628047 · External reference
