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References from Active without thinking? Distinguishing between automatic responses as predictors of physical activity. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The influence of attitudes on behavior
2005 · External reference
Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief review
10.1016/j.smhs.2019.08.006 · 2019 · External reference
Adults’ Motivation for Physical Activity: Differentiating Motives for Exercise, Sport, and Recreation
10.1123/rsj.2014-0048 · 2014 · External reference
Reliability and validity of the Single‐Target IAT (ST‐IAT): Assessing automatic affect towards multiple attitude objects
10.1002/ejsp.487 · 2008 · External reference
An Analysis of Transformations
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x · 1964 · External reference
Theories to explain exercise motivation and physical inactivity: Ways of expanding our current theoretical perspective
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01147 · 2019 · External reference
Affective-reflective theory of physical activity and exercise: Foundations and preliminary evidence
10.1007/s12662-017-0477-9 · 2018 · External reference
Why do people sit? A framework for targeted behavior change
10.1080/17437199.2022.2143851 · 2023 · External reference
Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research
1985 · External reference
pwr: Basic Functions for Power Analysis
2020 · External reference
The theory of effort minimization in physical activity
10.1249/jes.0000000000000252 · 2021 · External reference
Behavioral and neural evidence of the rewarding value of exercise behaviors: A systematic review
10.1007/s40279-018-0898-0 · 2018 · External reference
Reflective and impulsive processes explain (in) effectiveness of messages promoting physical activity: A randomized controlled trial
10.1037/hea0000102 · 2015 · External reference
Impulsive approach tendencies towards physical activity and sedentary behaviors, but not reflective intentions, prospectively predict non-exercise activity thermogenesis
10.1371/journal.pone.0115238 · 2014 · External reference
Effect of retraining approach-avoidance tendencies on an exercise task: A randomized controlled trial
10.1123/jpah.2015-0597 · 2016 · External reference
The association between implicit attitudes toward physical activity and physical activity behaviour: A systematic review and correlational meta-analysis
10.1080/17437199.2019.1618726 · 2019 · External reference
Do implicit attitudes toward physical activity and sedentary behavior prospectively predict objective physical activity among persons with obesity?
10.1007/s10865-017-9881-8 · 2018 · External reference
Measuring implicit attitudes toward physical activity and sedentary behaviors: Test-retest reliability of three scoring algorithms of the Implicit Association Test and Single Category-Implicit Association Test
10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.04.007 · 2017 · External reference
Physical activity patterns in university students: Do they follow the public health guidelines?
10.1371/journal.pone.0152516 · 2016 · External reference
A power primer
10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 · 1992 · External reference
Automatic affective evaluations of physical activity
10.1249/jes.0000000000000120 · 2017 · External reference
Implicit attitudes and explicit motivation prospectively predict physical activity
10.1007/s12160-010-9161-0 · 2010 · External reference
Heartphone: Mobile evaluative conditioning to enhance affective processes and promote physical activity
10.1037/hea0000886 · 2021 · External reference
Self-reports are better measurement instruments than implicit measures
10.1038/s44159-024-00376-z · 2024 · External reference
International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity
10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb · 2003 · External reference
Habit formation in context: Context-specific and context-free measures for tracking fruit consumption habit formation and behaviour
10.1111/bjhp.12637 · 2023 · External reference
Validity and reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in college students
10.1080/19325037.2006.10598924 · 2006 · External reference
Motivations to be active in club-based sport compared to fitness centres
10.1080/23750472.2023.2248139 · 2023 · External reference
Dual-process theories of higher cognition: Advancing the debate
10.1177/1745691612460685 · 2013 · External reference
Correlates and determinants of transport-related physical activity among adults: an interdisciplinary systematic review
10.1186/s12889-022-13937-9 · 2022 · External reference
The intention-behaviour gap in physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the action control framework
10.1136/bjsports-2022-106640 · 2023 · External reference
A review and analysis of the use of ‘habit’ in understanding, predicting and influencing health-related behaviour
10.1080/17437199.2013.876238 · 2015 · External reference
Towards parsimony in habit measurement: Testing the convergent and predictive validity of an automaticity subscale of the Self-Report Habit Index
10.1186/1479-5868-9-102 · 2012 · External reference
A systematic review and meta-analysis of applications of the Self-Report Habit Index to nutrition and physical activity behaviours
10.1007/s12160-011-9282-0 · 2011 · External reference
Does habit weaken the intention-behaviour relationship? Revisiting the habit-intention interaction hypothesis
10.1111/spc3.12553 · 2020 · External reference
Habitual instigation and habitual execution: Definition, measurement, and effects on behaviour frequency
10.1111/bjhp.12189 · 2016 · External reference
Habit interventions
10.1017/9781108677318.041 · 2020 · External reference
Habitually deciding’ or ‘habitually doing’? A response to Hagger (2019
10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.008 · 2020 · External reference
How does habit form? Guidelines for tracking real-world habit formation
10.1080/23311908.2022.2041277 · 2022 · External reference
What is habit and how can it be used to change real-world behaviour? Narrowing the theory-reality gap
10.1111/spc3.12975 · 2024 · External reference
Reflecting on non-reflective action: An exploratory think-aloud study of self-report habit measures
10.1111/bjhp.12060 · 2014 · External reference
Implicit measures in social and personality psychology
10.1017/cbo9780511996481 · 2014 · External reference
Best research practices for using the Implicit Association Test
10.3758/s13428-021-01624-3 · 2022 · External reference
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test
10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · 1998 · External reference
Non-conscious processes and dual-process theories in health psychology
10.1080/17437199.2016.1244647 · 2016 · External reference
Habit and physical activity: Theoretical advances, practical implications, and agenda for future research
10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.007 · 2019 · External reference
The subjective experience of habit captured by self-report indexes may lead to inaccuracies in the measurement of habitual action
10.1080/17437199.2014.959728 · 2015 · External reference
Implicit approach–avoidance associations predict leisure-time exercise independently of explicit exercise motivation
10.1037/spy0000145 · 2019 · External reference
Immediate affect as a basis for intuitive moral judgement: An adaptation of the affect misattribution procedure
10.1080/02699930902847193 · 2010 · External reference
Impulsive versus reflective influences on health behavior: A theoretical framework and empirical review
10.1080/17437190802617668 · 2008 · External reference
Habit strength moderates the strength of within-person relations between weekly self-reported and objectively-assessed physical activity
10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.03.003 · 2012 · External reference
Habit formation following routine-based versus time-based cue planning: A randomized controlled trial
10.1111/bjhp.12504 · 2021 · External reference
Comparing measures of approach–avoidance behaviour: The manikin task vs. two versions of the joystick task
10.1080/02699930903047298 · 2010 · External reference
Theoretical explanations for maintenance of behaviour change: a systematic review of behaviour theories
10.1080/17437199.2016.1151372 · 2016 · External reference
How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world
10.1002/ejsp.674 · 2010 · External reference
Evolution of physical activity habits after a context change: The case of COVID-19 lockdown
10.1111/bjhp.12524 · 2021 · External reference
Improving physical activity using a single personalized consequence-based approach-avoidance training: Effects on self-reported behaviors, attitudes, and choices
10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102565 · 2024 · External reference
The mythical Number Two
10.1016/j.tics.2018.02.001 · 2018 · External reference
Positive implicit associations for physical activity predict physical activity and affective responses during exercise
10.1123/jsep.2021-0228 · 2022 · External reference
The strength of habit
10.1080/17437199.2014.992031 · 2015 · External reference
Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity
10.1097/00001504-200503000-00013 · 2005 · External reference
Habitual exercise instigation (vs. execution) predicts healthy adults’ exercise frequency
10.1037/hea0000249 · 2016 · External reference
Evidence that habit moderates the implicit belief-behavior relationship in health behaviors
10.1007/s12529-021-09975-z · 2021 · External reference
A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: a systematic review
10.1186/1479-5868-5-56 · 2008 · External reference
Make exercise easier: a brief intervention to influence implicit attitudes towards exercise and physical activity behavior
10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101660 · 2020 · External reference
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
2023 · External reference
An early phase trial testing the proof of concept for a gamified smartphone app in manipulating automatic evaluations of exercise
10.1037/spy0000278 · 2022 · External reference
Automaticity and exercise – multinational study
10.17605/osf.io/hma38 · 2025 · External reference
The measurement of habit
10.1007/978-3-319-97529-0_3 · 2018 · External reference
Automatic regulation used in sport and exercise research
10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.231 · 2017 · External reference
A systematic review of the effects of non-conscious regulatory processes in physical activity
10.1080/17437199.2016.1183505 · 2016 · External reference
Progression of Motivation Models in Exercise Science: Where we have been and where we are heading
10.1002/9781119568124.ch44 · 2020 · External reference
Experimental evidence for the intention–behavior relationship in the physical activity domain: A meta-analysis
10.1037/a0027290 · 2012 · External reference
Theories of physical activity behaviour change: A history and synthesis of approaches
10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.010 · 2019 · External reference
Should we stop looking for a better scoring algorithm for handling Implicit Association Test data? Test of the role of errors, extreme latencies treatment, scoring formula, and practice trials on reliability and validity
10.1371/journal.pone.0129601 · 2015 · External reference
Physical activity promotion and the United Nations sustainable development goals: building synergies to maximize impact
10.1123/jpah.2021-0413 · 2021 · External reference
Nonconscious processes and health
10.1037/a0029203 · 2013 · External reference
Health behavior change: Moving from observation to intervention
10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044007 · 2017 · External reference
The intention–behavior gap
10.1111/spc3.12265 · 2016 · External reference
Comparison of physical activity levels in physicians and medical students with the general adult population of the United States
10.3810/psm.2013.11.2039 · 2013 · External reference
The mental health benefits of regular physical activity, and its role in preventing future depressive illness
10.2147/nrr.s41956 · 2014 · External reference
Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior
10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_1 · 2004 · External reference
National, regional, and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 507 population-based surveys with 5·7 million participants
10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00150-5 · 2024 · External reference
Predicting adoption and maintenance of physical activity in the context of dual-process theories
10.1016/j.peh.2020.100162 · 2020 · External reference
The Study of Distinct Automatic Responses and Their Relation to Physical Activity
10.24072/pci.healthmovsci.100193 · 2025 · External reference
10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2_10
10.1007/978-0-387-21706-2_10 · 2002 · External reference
Predicting habit: The case of physical exercise
10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.01.002 · 2008 · External reference
Reflections on past behavior: A self‐report index of habit strength
10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x · 2003 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Internal consistency and validity of measures of automatic exercise associations
10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.005 · 2019 · External reference