References

Epidemiology of malaria and helminth interaction: a review from 2001 to 2011

10.1097/coh.0b013e3283524d90 · 2012 · External reference

Malaria and helminth co-infections in children living in endemic countries: A systematic review with meta-analysis

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009138 · 2021 · External reference

Multiple infections and the evolution of virulence

10.1111/ele.12076 · 2013 · External reference

The Food Resource of Adult Heligmosomoides polygyrus in the Small Intestine

10.2307/3283340 · 1994 · External reference

Timing and order of exposure to two echinostome species affect patterns of infection in larval amphibians

10.1017/s0031182020001092 · 2020 · External reference

A longitudinal cohort study of soil-transmitted helminth infections during the second year of life and associations with reduced long-term cognitive and verbal abilities

10.1371/journal.pntd.0006688 · 2018 · External reference

Estimating the global distribution and disease burden of intestinal nematode infections: Adding up the numbers – A review

10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.004 · 2010 · External reference

Association Between Age and Plasmodium falciparum Infection Dynamics

10.1093/aje/kwy213 · 2019 · External reference

Competing for blood: the ecology of parasite resource competition in human malaria–helminth co‐infections

10.1111/ele.12919 · 2018 · External reference

Phenotypic and functional profiling of malaria-induced CD8 and CD4 T cells during blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii: Profiling of T cells during malaria infection

10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03363.x · 2010 · External reference

Modulation of the Course and Outcome of Blood‐Stage Malaria by Erythropoietin‐Induced Reticulocytosis

10.1086/381458 · 2004 · External reference

Heme oxygenase-1: emerging target of cancer therapy

10.1186/s12929-015-0128-0 · 2015 · External reference

The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections in children up to 8 years of age: Findings from an Ecuadorian birth cohort

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009972 · 2021 · External reference

Early Nonspecific Immune Responses and Immunity to Blood-Stage Nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii Malaria

10.1128/iai.68.11.6127-6132.2000 · 2000 · External reference

How parasite interaction strategies alter virulence evolution in multi‐parasite communities

10.1111/evo.13843 · 2019 · External reference

Chronic helminth infection does not impair immune response to malaria transmission blocking vaccine Pfs230D1-EPA/Alhydrogel® in mice

10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.027 · 2019 · External reference

Restricted Hematopoietic Progenitors and Erythropoiesis Require SCF from Leptin Receptor+ Niche Cells in the Bone Marrow

10.1016/j.stem.2018.11.022 · 2019 · External reference

Antecedent Nippostrongylus infection alters the lung immune response to Plasmodium berghei

10.1111/pim.12441 · 2017 · External reference

High CD4‐to‐CD8 ratio identifies an at‐risk population susceptible to lethal COVID‐19

10.1111/sji.13125 · 2022 · External reference

Epidemiology of Plasmodium and Helminth Coinfection and Possible Reasons for Heterogeneity

10.1155/2016/3083568 · 2016 · External reference

Plasmodium falciparum and soil-transmitted helminth co-infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1186/s13071-016-1594-2 · 2016 · External reference

Association of Heme Oxygenase 1 with the Restoration of Liver Function after Damage in Murine Malaria by Plasmodium yoelii

10.1128/iai.01598-14 · 2014 · External reference

Association of anthelmintic treatment with malaria prevalence, incidence, and parasitemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106213 · 2022 · External reference

Disease severity in coinfected hosts: the importance of infection order

10.5061/dryad.0gb5mkmcb · 2025 · External reference

Heme Oxygenase-1 Is an Anti-Inflammatory Host Factor that Promotes Murine Plasmodium Liver Infection

10.1016/j.chom.2008.04.003 · 2008 · External reference

From Host Immunity to Pathogen Invasion: The Effects of Helminth Coinfection on the Dynamics of Microparasites

10.1093/icb/icr058 · 2011 · External reference

Dances with worms: the ecological and evolutionary impacts of deworming on coinfecting pathogens

10.1017/s0031182013000590 · 2013 · External reference

Intestinal helminth infection promotes IL-5- and CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity in the lung against migrating parasites

10.1038/s41385-018-0102-8 · 2019 · External reference

Heme induces programmed necrosis on macrophages through autocrine TNF and ROS production

10.1182/blood-2011-08-375303 · 2012 · External reference

Phenotypic Evidence of T Cell Exhaustion and Senescence During Symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

10.3389/fimmu.2019.01345 · 2019 · External reference

Ecological rules governing helminth–microparasite coinfection

10.1073/pnas.0707221105 · 2008 · External reference

Population Biology of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) in the Wood Mouse

10.2307/5628 · 1992 · External reference

Bottom‐up regulation of malaria population dynamics in mice co‐infected with lung‐migratory nematodes

10.1111/ele.12534 · 2015 · External reference

Co‐infection of helminths and malaria: modulation of the immune responses to malaria

10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00901.x · 2006 · External reference

Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection Exacerbates Malaria-Induced Liver Pathology

10.4049/jimmunol.0803790 · 2009 · External reference

Pathogenic CD8+ T cells in experimental cerebral malaria

10.1007/s00281-015-0476-6 · 2015 · External reference

Antagonistic effects of Plasmodium-helminth co-infections on malaria pathology in different population groups in Côte d’Ivoire

10.1371/journal.pntd.0007086 · 2019 · External reference

Cytotoxic activities of CD8+ T cells collaborate with macrophages to protect against blood-stage murine malaria

10.7554/elife.04232 · 2015 · External reference

Involvement of CD8⁺ T cells in protective immunity against murine blood‐stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii 17XL strain

10.1002/eji.200939525 · 2010 · External reference

Heme as a Target for Therapeutic Interventions

10.3389/fphar.2017.00146 · 2017 · External reference

Investigating the outcomes of virus coinfection within and across host species

10.1371/journal.ppat.1011044 · 2023 · External reference

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Prevents the Death of Mice during Cerebral Malaria

10.1086/500844 · 2006 · External reference

Importance of Sequence and Timing in Parasite Coinfections

10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.007 · 2019 · External reference

Coinfection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus Fails To Establish CD8⁺ T-Cell Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii

10.1128/iai.01236-07 · 2008 · External reference

The effect of helminth co-infection on malaria in mice: A meta-analysis

10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.05.009 · 2011 · External reference

Efficient control of Plasmodium yoelii infection in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with pre‐existing Strongyloides ratti infection

10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01369.x · 2012 · External reference

Nematode‐induced interference with the anti‐ Plasmodium CD8⁺ T‐cell response can be overcome by optimizing antigen administration

10.1002/eji.201141955 · 2012 · External reference

Distinct cytokine profiles in malaria coinfections: A systematic review

10.1371/journal.pntd.0011061 · 2023 · External reference

Identification of the haemoglobin scavenger receptor

10.1038/35051594 · 2001 · External reference

Free heme toxicity and its detoxification systems in human

10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.03.004 · 2005 · External reference

Regulatory T cells impede acute and long-term immunity to blood-stage malaria through CTLA-4

10.1038/nm.4395 · 2017 · External reference

Seroepidemiology of helminths and the association with severe malaria among infants and young children in Tanzania

10.1371/journal.pntd.0006345 · 2018 · External reference

Ubiquitin–proteasome system mediates heme oxygenase-1 degradation through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway

10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.05.008 · 2008 · External reference

Reaction norms of host immunity, host fitness and parasite performance in a mouse – intestinal nematode interaction

10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.10.003 · 2016 · External reference

The Roles of Type I Interferon in Co-infections With Parasites and Viruses, Bacteria, or Other Parasites

10.3389/fimmu.2020.01805 · 2020 · External reference

Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health?

10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624 · 2017 · External reference

CD8 T Cell Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infection and Cancer

10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055318 · 2019 · External reference

Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy

10.1126/science.1214935 · 2012 · External reference

Life-History Traits in Parasitic Nematodes: A Comparative Approach for the Search of Invariants

10.2307/2389845 · 1996 · External reference

Interactions between worms and malaria: Good worms or bad worms?

10.1186/1475-2875-10-259 · 2011 · External reference

Malaria incidence and prevalence during the first year of life in Nanoro, Burkina Faso: a birth-cohort study

10.1186/s12936-018-2315-4 · 2018 · External reference

Helminth infection impairs the immunogenicity of a Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine, but not irradiated sporozoites, in mice

10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.055 · 2010 · External reference

ENHANCED MALARIA PARASITE TRANSMISSION FROM HELMINTH CO-INFECTED MICE

10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.1052 · 2007 · External reference

Counter-regulatory anti-parasite cytokine responses during concurrent Plasmodium yoelii and intestinal helminth infections in mice

10.1016/j.exppara.2008.02.009 · 2008 · External reference

Mouse Models for Unravelling Immunology of Blood Stage Malaria

10.3390/vaccines10091525 · 2022 · External reference

Interleukin‐4 and Interferon‐γ: The Quintessence of a Mutual Antagonistic Relationship

10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00435.x · 1998 · External reference

Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide suppress the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria

10.1038/nm1586 · 2007 · External reference

Individuals With Higher CD4/CD8 Ratio Exhibit Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and In-Hospital Mortality During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection

10.3389/fmed.2022.924267 · 2022 · External reference

IL-4-producing ILC2s are required for the differentiation of TH2 cells following Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection

10.1038/mi.2016.4 · 2016 · External reference

Immunity to the model intestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus

10.1007/s00281-012-0347-3 · 2012 · External reference

Co-infection: the outcome of Plasmodium infection differs according to the time of pre-existing helminth infection

10.1007/s00436-018-5965-9 · 2018 · External reference

Helminth Parasites Alter Protection against Plasmodium Infection

10.1155/2014/913696 · 2014 · External reference

Heroes or villains? T regulatory cells in malaria infection

10.1016/j.pt.2009.10.004 · 2010 · External reference

Modulation of malaria-induced immunopathology by concurrent gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice

10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.08.007 · 2009 · External reference

Heme oxygenase-1 affords protection against noncerebral forms of severe malaria

10.1073/pnas.0903419106 · 2009 · External reference

Infection against infection: parasite antagonism against parasites, viruses and bacteria

10.1186/s40249-019-0560-6 · 2019 · External reference

Supplementary Material for Disease severity in coinfected hosts: the importance of infection order

10.5281/zenodo.17140307 · 2025 · External reference

Impairment of Protective Immunity to Blood-Stage Malaria by Concurrent Nematode Infection

10.1128/iai.73.6.3531-3539.2005 · 2005 · External reference

Reduced Protective Efficacy of a Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine by Concurrent Nematode Infection

10.1128/iai.74.4.2138-2144.2006 · 2006 · External reference

Polyparasitism and its impact on the immune system

10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.003 · 2010 · External reference

Erythroid-specific expression of the erythropoietin receptor rescued its null mutant mice from lethality

10.1182/blood-2002-01-0124 · 2002 · External reference

Heligmosomoides bakeri and Toxoplasma gondii co-infection leads to increased mortality associated with changes in immune resistance in the lymphoid compartment and disease pathology

10.1371/journal.pone.0292408 · 2024 · External reference

The shape of the iceberg: quantification of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia and gametocytaemia in five low endemic settings in Ethiopia

10.1186/s12936-017-1749-4 · 2017 · External reference

Concurrent infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppresses anti‐ Plasmodium yoelii protection partially by induction of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg in mice

10.1002/eji.200939433 · 2009 · External reference

How does a previous infection by worms worsen malaria in mice ? A comprehensive study providing experimental insights into top-down parasite-parasite interactions

10.24072/pci.infections.100246 · 2025 · External reference

One hundred malaria attacks since birth. A longitudinal study of African children and young adults exposed to high malaria transmission

10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102379 · 2024 · External reference

Protection against malaria by anti‐erythropoietin antibody due to suppression of erythropoiesis in the liver and at other sites

10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01385.x · 2005 · External reference

Patterns and Processes in Parasite Co-Infection

10.1016/b978-0-12-407706-5.00005-8 · 2013 · External reference

Differential drivers of intraspecific and interspecific competition during malaria–helminth co-infection

10.1017/s003118202100072x · 2021 · External reference

Epidemiology and immunology of helminth–HIV interactions

10.1097/coh.0b013e32835210cd · 2012 · External reference

Immune checkpoint blockade in infectious diseases

10.1038/nri.2017.112 · 2018 · External reference

Critical and diverse role of alarmin cytokines in parasitic infections

10.3389/fcimb.2024.1418500 · 2024 · External reference