Research graph
References from Active sites and mass/charge transport engineering in carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical CO <sub>2</sub> reduction reaction. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Doping and defect engineering in carbon-based electrocatalysts for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction: From 0D to 3D materials
10.1016/j.cis.2025.103429 · 2025 · External reference
Metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction: 10.1039/d5cc02297eFrom design to industrial applications
10.1039/d5cc02297e · 2025 · External reference
Screening nitrogen-coordinated single atom catalysts on armchair carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C1 products
10.1021/acscatal.5c03565 · 2025 · External reference
A review of biomass porous carbon for carbon dioxide adsorption from flue gas: Physicochemical properties and performance
10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134318 · 2025 · External reference
N-rich chitosan-derived porous carbon materials for efficient CO2 adsorption and gas separation
10.3389/fchem.2023.1333475 · 2023 · External reference
Pore size engineering of carbon-modulated zeolite framework for controllable selective adsorption of small gas molecules
10.26599/nr.2025.94907770 · 2025 · External reference
Kinetic and thermodynamic considerations in thermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation
10.1021/acscatal.4c05805 · 2025 · External reference
Catalytic systems for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol
10.1016/j.mcat.2024.114403 · 2024 · External reference
g-C3N4 S-scheme homojunction through van der Waals interface regulation by intrinsic polymerization tailoring for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction
10.1002/anie.202425439 · 2025 · External reference
Cu-based S-scheme photocatalysts
10.1039/d4cs01091d · 2025 · External reference
Fluorine doping-assisted reconstruction of isolated Cu sites for CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products
10.1002/adma.202417443 · 2025 · External reference
Plasma-activated 2D CuMnO2 nanosheet catalysts with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient CO2 electroreduction
10.1016/j.apcatb.2025.125255 · 2025 · External reference
In situ NADH regeneration coupled to enzymatic CO2 reduction: From fundamental concepts to recent advances
10.1016/j.jece.2025.116657 · 2025 · External reference
Biocatalytic conversion of CO2 to value-added chemicals using hybrid protein scaffolds
10.1016/j.cej.2025.166023 · 2025 · External reference
NiNC catalysts in CO2-to-CO electrolysis
10.1007/s40820-024-01595-y · 2025 · External reference
Carbon-encapsulated nickel nanoparticles spatial confinement *H enhance electrocatalytic CO2 to CO
10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138023 · 2025 · External reference
Liquid–gas interface confined AgPd nanosheets construct corn-shaped AgPd@Cu nanowires for electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4
10.26599/nr.2025.94908282 · 2026 · External reference
Cu nanoparticles embedded in fluorinated mesoporous carbon for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2 products
10.26599/cf.2025.9200034 · 2025 · External reference
Exploring the influence of cell configurations on Cu catalyst reconstruction during CO2 electroreduction
10.1038/s41467-024-52692-w · 2024 · External reference
Breaking the scaling relationship via lattice expansion of Ag for CO2 electroreduction over a wide potential window
10.1002/aic.18365 · 2024 · External reference
Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to CH4 over amino acid-modified copper under acidic conditions
10.1002/cbh2.70005 · 2025 · External reference
In situ construction of thiol–silver interface for selectively electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
10.1007/s12274-021-3978-7 · 2022 · External reference
CuBi2O4/Cu2O nano-enabled stable photocathodes promoting CO2 to methyl acetate conversion under low bias potential and solar irradiation
10.1016/j.jechem.2025.09.002 · 2026 · External reference
Unlocking the potential of Bi2S3-derived Bi nanoplates: Enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction to formate
10.1002/advs.202400874 · 2024 · External reference
Exploration of gas-dependent self-adaptive reconstruction behavior of Cu2O for electrochemical CO2 conversion to multi-carbon products
10.1007/s40820-024-01568-1 · 2025 · External reference
Minireview and perspectives of bimetallic metal-organic framework electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01657 · 2023 · External reference
Atomic-scale effect of 2D conjugated metal-organic frameworks as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction towards highly selective products
10.1016/j.mtnano.2025.100658 · 2025 · External reference
Advances in hydrophobic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for photo/electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
10.26599/nr.2025.94908041 · 2026 · External reference
Exploring Mg-Sn alloys as electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction
10.1016/j.apcata.2024.120050 · 2025 · External reference
Fast preparation of BiIn alloy membrane by joule heating for highly-efficient CO2 electroreduction
10.1016/j.cej.2025.171697 · 2026 · External reference
Synergistic active site and mass transport engineering in N-doped porous carbon nanosheets for high-efficiency CO2 electroreduction
10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.164054 · 2025 · External reference
Oxygen-substituted porous C2N frameworks as efficient electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction
10.1002/anie.202501896 · 2025 · External reference
CO2 laser-induced porous carbon attached Bi2O3 as highly efficient catalyst for CO2 electroreduction to formate
10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119385 · 2024 · External reference
Efficient CO2 electroreduction over N-doped hieratically porous carbon derived from petroleum pitch
10.1016/j.jechem.2020.07.049 · 2021 · External reference
Carbon-based material for CO2 catalytic conversion applications
10.26599/cf.2024.9200016 · 2024 · External reference
Hierarchically porous N-doped carbon confined single-atom Fe catalyst for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction
10.26599/nr.2025.94907297 · 2025 · External reference
Potassium-assisted fabrication of intrinsic defects in porous carbons for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
10.1002/adma.202205933 · 2022 · External reference
Effective strategy to develop a metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon with abundant intrinsic carbon defects for electrochemical CO2 reduction
10.1021/acsaem.5c01071 · 2025 · External reference
Creation of intrinsic defects on ZIF-8 particles to facilitate electrochemical reduction of CO2 over Fe single-atom catalyst
10.1016/j.cej.2024.153073 · 2024 · External reference
Insight into the metal-free electrocatalysis of heteroatom-doped carbon nanocages in competitive CO2 reduction and H2 evolution
10.26599/nr.2025.94907171 · 2025 · External reference
Nitrogen-doped cellulose-based porous carbon for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO
10.1007/s10562-024-04696-w · 2024 · External reference
Morphological attributes govern carbon dioxide reduction on N-doped carbon electrodes
10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.007 · 2019 · External reference
Ordered mesoporous electrocatalysts for highly selective formate production from electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
10.1039/d4ta08622h · 2025 · External reference
Electrolyte-mediated Cu+/Cu0 ratio control in Cu/graphene catalysts for divergent CO2 electroreduction pathways
10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138687 · 2026 · External reference
Rational design of trimetallic single-cluster catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2
10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.162672 · 2025 · External reference
Tailoring of single copper atoms anchored on N, P co-doped carbon for electrochemical CO2 reduction
10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115284 · 2025 · External reference
Catalytic electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4 using Cu2O supported on 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole functionalized graphite sheets
10.3866/pku.whxb201801263 · 2018 · External reference
Graphene-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
10.1039/d5su00174a · 2025 · External reference
Rational design of highly efficient carbon-based materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129760 · 2024 · External reference
Metal-free carbon materials for CO2 electrochemical reduction
10.1002/adma.201701784 · 2017 · External reference
Recent advances in inorganic heterogeneous electrocatalysts for reduction of carbon dioxide
10.1002/adma.201504766 · 2016 · External reference
Rational design of copper alloy electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
10.1016/j.jechem.2025.06.046 · 2025 · External reference
Recent progress on Cu-based MOF electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136133 · 2026 · External reference
Promotion of C–C coupling in the CO2 electrochemical reduction to valuable C2+ products: From micro-foundation to macro-application
10.1002/adma.202417567 · 2025 · External reference
Recent advances in interface engineering for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
10.1007/s40820-021-00738-9 · 2021 · External reference
Kinetic understanding of catalytic selectivity and product distribution of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction
10.1021/jacsau.3c00002 · 2023 · External reference
Facet dopant regulation of Cu2O boosts electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate
10.1002/adfm.202213145 · 2023 · External reference
Advancing electrocatalytic reactions through mapping key intermediates to active sites via descriptors
10.1039/d3cs01130e · 2024 · External reference
Advances in morphological and interfacial tuning of metal oxides for electrochemical CO2 conversion
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101522 · 2026 · External reference
The sabatier principle in electrocatalysis: Basics, limitations, and extensions
10.3389/fenrg.2021.654460 · 2021 · External reference
Carbon catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction toward multicarbon products
10.1002/aenm.202200586 · 2022 · External reference
Surface and interface chemistry in metal-free electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction
10.1002/smm2.1090 · 2022 · External reference
Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) using coal-based nano-carbon materials
10.1039/d4ra03407d · 2024 · External reference
Efficient electroreduction of CO2 into CO in flow cell with a metal-free ternary-doped porous carbon
10.1016/j.mcat.2024.114310 · 2024 · External reference
Defect graphene as a trifunctional catalyst for electrochemical reactions
10.1002/adma.201602912 · 2016 · External reference
Effects of intrinsic pentagon defects on electrochemical reactivity of carbon nanomaterials
10.1002/anie.201813805 · 2019 · External reference
Recent advances in single atom catalysts for the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction
10.1039/d1sc01375k · 2021 · External reference
Carbon-based single-atom catalysts for CO2 electroreduction: Progress and optimization strategies
10.1039/d0ta01955k · 2020 · External reference
Synthesis and catalytic activity of nitrogen-doped end-sealed carbon nanotube nanoclusters for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
10.34133/energymatadv.0154 · 2026 · External reference
Electroreduction of carbon dioxide driven by the intrinsic defects in the carbon plane of a single Fe–N4 site
10.1002/adma.202003238 · 2021 · External reference
Rational design of carbon-based metal-free catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction: A review
10.1016/j.jechem.2019.06.013 · 2019 · External reference
Defect engineering in carbon-based electrocatalysts: Insight into intrinsic carbon defects
10.1002/adfm.202001097 · 2020 · External reference
Defect engineering of carbons for energy conversion and storage applications
10.1002/eem2.12402 · 2023 · External reference
Defect chemistry of electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
10.3389/fchem.2022.1067327 · 2022 · External reference
Plasma-assisted synthesis and surface modification of electrode materials for renewable energy
10.1002/adma.201705850 · 2018 · External reference
Theoretical investigations into defected graphene for electrochemical reduction of CO2
10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03031 · 2017 · External reference
Electroreduction of CO2 to CO on a mesoporous carbon catalyst with progressively removed nitrogen moieties
10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01409 · 2018 · External reference
Intrinsic carbon-defect-driven electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
10.1002/adma.201808276 · 2019 · External reference
N-doped biochar for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and insight into active sites
10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119598 · 2025 · External reference
Metal-free N, P-codoped carbon for syngas production with tunable composition via CO2 electrolysis: Addressing the competition between CO2 reduction and H2 evolution
10.1002/cssc.202402249 · 2025 · External reference
Unravelling the performance of N-doped lignin-derived carbon materials during electro-catalytic reduction of CO2
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.03.376 · 2024 · External reference
Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction coupled with urea oxidation using bifunctional atomically dispersed CuNi catalysts
10.26599/nr.2025.94907051 · 2025 · External reference
Dimensionality engineering toward carbon materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction: Progress and prospect
10.1002/adfm.202408013 · 2024 · External reference
Metal-free Se-based tetra-doped carbon catalyst for high-selective electro-reduction of CO2 into CO
10.1016/j.jece.2023.110435 · 2023 · External reference
Identification of role of nitrogen dopants in nanocarbon catalysis
10.26599/cf.2024.9200008 · 2024 · External reference
MOF-derived 1D/3D N-doped porous carbon for spatially confined electrochemical CO2 reduction to adjustable syngas
10.1002/cey2.461 · 2024 · External reference
Monolithic nitrogen-doped carbon electrode with hierarchical porous structure for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction
10.1021/acsami.4c15571 · 2024 · External reference
Self-nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon spheres as metal-free catalyst for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction
10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127008 · 2024 · External reference
Pyrrolic N-doped carbon catalysts for highly efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with superior CO selectivity over a wide potential window
10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118320 · 2023 · External reference
Efficient CO2 electroreduction over pyridinic-N active sites highly exposed on wrinkled porous carbon nanosheets
10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.077 · 2018 · External reference
Tuning the properties of N-doped biochar for selective CO2 electroreduction to CO
10.1021/acscatal.3c01773 · 2023 · External reference
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays for high-efficiency electrochemical reduction of CO2: On the understanding of defects, defect density, and selectivity
10.1002/anie.201506062 · 2015 · External reference
Design of high-performance wood-derived N-doped ECR electrocatalysts based on Marcus theory
10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124340 · 2024 · External reference
Identifying active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon materials for the CO2 reduction reaction
10.1002/adfm.201800499 · 2018 · External reference
Graphitic-N highly doped graphene-like carbon: A superior metal-free catalyst for efficient reduction of CO2
10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120510 · 2021 · External reference
Nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped high-surface-area hollow carbon nanospheres for efficient CO2 reduction
10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63485-6 · 2020 · External reference
Efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C1 and C2 products using atomically dispersed boron N-C@graphite catalysts
10.1039/d5ya00260e · 2025 · External reference
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to methanol on boron-doped diamond electrode in monoethanolamine aqueous solution
10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c02893 · 2025 · External reference
Dynamic (sub)surface-oxygen enables highly efficient carbonyl-coupling for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
10.1002/adma.202400640 · 2024 · External reference
Boron- and nitrogen-codoped diamond electrodes for the improved reactivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00835 · 2023 · External reference
Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanosheets for electrochemical reduction of CO2
10.1002/cctc.201902326 · 2020 · External reference
Copper/metal oxide heterostructures for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
10.1007/s12598-024-03057-1 · 2025 · External reference
Copper-based electrocatalysts converting carbon dioxide to narrowly distributed products
10.1016/j.cej.2025.163925 · 2025 · External reference
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to chemicals and fuels: From single-atom to dual-atom
10.1002/smll.202505474 · 2025 · External reference
Fe nanoparticles confined by multiple-heteroatom-doped carbon frameworks for aqueous Zn-air battery driving CO2 electrolysis
10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.157 · 2024 · External reference
Integrating carbon-coated Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles with biochars enabled efficient capture and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2
10.3390/catal15080767 · 2025 · External reference
Co-catalytic application of in situ encapsulation nickel nanoparticles and nickel single atoms on nitrogen-rich carbon frameworks enable efficient and selective CO2 electroreduction
10.1016/j.jcis.2025.139363 · 2026 · External reference
Design of less than 1 nm scale spaces on SnO2 nanoparticles for high-performance electrochemical CO2 reduction
10.1002/adfm.202107349 · 2022 · External reference
Highly selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethanol by metallic clusters dynamically formed from atomically dispersed copper
10.1038/s41560-020-0666-x · 2020 · External reference
Formation and growth characteristics of nanostructured carbon films on nascent Ag clusters during room-temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction
10.1039/d1na00876e · 2022 · External reference
Enhancing CO2 reduction efficiency with axial oxygen coordinated Ni–N4 active sites on hierarchical pore N-doped carbon
10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110340 · 2025 · External reference
Synergistic Fe-Ni diatomic catalysts on 3D N-doped carbon for high-efficiency and stable electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO
10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115292 · 2025 · External reference
Fluorine-tuned of Ni single-atom catalysts for efficient pH-universal CO2 reduction via d-orbital modulation
10.1002/cbh2.70034 · 2025 · External reference
Tailoring N-coordination species in Cu single-atom catalysts for selective electrocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 conversion
10.1021/acscatal.5c08050 · 2026 · External reference
Single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation using Pt1/FeOx
10.1038/nchem.1095 · 2011 · External reference
Metal-coordinated phthalocyanines as platform molecules for understanding isolated metal sites in the electrochemical reduction of CO2
10.1021/jacs.2c06953 · 2022 · External reference
Pressure-dependent CO2 electroreduction to methane over asymmetric Cu–N2 single-atom sites
10.1021/jacs.4c04031 · 2024 · External reference
A tandem strategy for enhancing electrochemical CO2 reduction activity of single-atom Cu-S1N3 catalysts via integration with Cu nanoclusters
10.1002/anie.202109579 · 2021 · External reference
Inter-metal interaction with a threshold effect in NiCu dual-atom catalysts for CO2 electroreduction
10.1002/adma.202209386 · 2023 · External reference
Measuring and directing charge transfer in heterogenous catalysts
10.1038/s41467-022-30923-2 · 2022 · External reference
MOF-based materials for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215333 · 2023 · External reference
Ionic porous polyamide derived N-doped carbon towards highly selective electroreduction of CO2
10.1016/j.cjche.2022.05.030 · 2023 · External reference
Advances in CO2 electroreduction over hollow fiber gas diffusion electrodes
10.1002/cctc.202400361 · 2024 · External reference
Highly ordered hierarchical porous single-atom Fe catalyst with promoted mass transfer for efficient electroreduction of CO2
10.1002/aenm.202302007 · 2023 · External reference
Cobalt-nitrogen-carbon sites on carbon aerogels for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 activity
10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157437 · 2023 · External reference
Polydopamine-derived carbon catalysts with optimized structure-activity design towards electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO
10.1002/cplu.202300281 · 2023 · External reference
Rational design of nitrogen-doped porous carbon support on single atom catalysts for efficient CO2 electroreduction
10.1039/d4ta08536a · 2025 · External reference
Proton-transfer dynamics regulates CO2 electroreduction products via hydrogen coverage
10.1021/acscentsci.4c01534 · 2024 · External reference
Unravelling the effect of activators used in the synthesis of biomass-derived carbon electrocatalysts on the electrocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction
10.1002/cssc.202202188 · 2023 · External reference
Ni-decorated N-doped biomass-derived porous carbon toward efficient electroreduction of CO2 to CO
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c01163 · 2024 · External reference
Modulation engineering of graphitic/pyrrolic nitrogen co-doped porous carbon-based electrocatalysts with abundant active sites for efficient CO2 reduction
10.1002/cssc.202500152 · 2025 · External reference
Ni single-atom arrays as self-supported electrocatalysts for CO2RR
10.1002/aic.18161 · 2023 · External reference
Graphene-assisted construction of electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction
10.1016/j.cej.2021.130587 · 2021 · External reference
Improving CO2 electroreduction over ZIF-derived carbon doped with Fe–N sites by an additional ammonia treatment
10.1016/j.cattod.2018.03.062 · 2019 · External reference
Impact of pore structure on electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in iron- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials: Solid–liquid interface versus solid–gas–liquid triple-phase boundary
10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08467 · 2023 · External reference
Effects of substrate porosity in carbon aerogel supported copper for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction
10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.203 · 2019 · External reference
Enhancing C–C coupling in CO2 electroreduction by engineering pore size of porous carbon-supported Cu catalysts
10.3390/catal15030199 · 2025 · External reference
Highly efficient porous carbon electrocatalyst with controllable N‐species content for selective CO2 reduction
10.1002/anie.201912751 · 2020 · External reference
Precise site-hydrophobicity modulation for boosting high-performance CO2 electroreduction
10.1021/acscatal.2c06106 · 2023 · External reference
Designing CO2 reduction electrode materials by morphology and interface engineering
10.1039/d0ee00900h · 2020 · External reference
Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide in confined microspace utilizing single nickel atom decorated nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres
10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108384 · 2023 · External reference
Fluorine doped cagelike carbon electrocatalyst: An insight into the structure-enhanced CO selectivity for CO2 reduction at high overpotential
10.1021/acsnano.9b08528 · 2020 · External reference
Laser-induced synthesis of copper-based nanomaterials for CO2 electroreduction into methanol
10.1021/acsaem.5c01617 · 2025 · External reference
Domino electroreduction of CO2 to methanol on a molecular catalyst
10.1038/s41586-019-1760-8 · 2019 · External reference
Phosphorus-doped onion-like carbon for CO2 electrochemical reduction: The decisive role of the bonding configuration of phosphorus
10.1039/c8ta06649c · 2018 · External reference
