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References from Exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles for intervertebral disc degeneration: Mechanisms and applications. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
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Smoking and tetramer tryptase accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration by inducing METTL14-mediated DIXDC1 m6 modification
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Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the applications of exosomes based drug delivery
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Epigenetic modifications of inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration
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10.1038/nrm3904 · 2014 · External reference
A new immunometabolic perspective of intervertebral disc degeneration
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10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107119 · 2024 · External reference
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Endogenous/exogenous dual stimulation "ROS engineering" amplification combined with autophagy-augmented for efficient ferroptosis therapy
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Mitochondrial dysfunction: A new molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1007/s00011-023-01813-0 · 2023 · External reference
Endoplasmic reticulum stress associates with the development of intervertebral disc degeneration
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Autophagy: Regulator of cell death
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Role of autophagy and pyroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration
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MicroRNAs regulating apoptosis and delivery strategies for treating intervertebral disc degeneration
10.3389/fcell.2025.1683247 · 2025 · External reference
Sirt6 deficiency promotes senescence and age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration in mice
10.1038/s41413-025-00422-3 · 2025 · External reference
Restoration of lysosomal function attenuates autophagic flux impairment in nucleus pulposus cells and protects against mechanical overloading-induced intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1080/15548627.2024.2440844 · 2025 · External reference
Rejuvenation modulation of nucleus pulposus progenitor cells reverses senescence-associated intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1002/adma.202409979 · 2025 · External reference
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10.7150/thno.40122 · 2020 · External reference
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10.1002/jev2.12451 · 2024 · External reference
Machine learning-guided one-step fabrication of targeted emodin liposomes via novel micromixer for ulcerative colitis therapy
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Exosome-based candidates move into the clinic
10.1038/d41573-020-00220-y · 2021 · External reference
Extracellular vesicles versus synthetic nanoparticles for drug delivery
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Food-derived exosomes as the future of drug delivery
10.1007/s12274-024-6961-2 · 2024 · External reference
Extracellular vesicles as a next-generation drug delivery platform
10.1038/s41565-021-00931-2 · 2021 · External reference
CAR exosomes derived from effector CAR-T cells have potent antitumour effects and low toxicity
10.1038/s41467-019-12321-3 · 2019 · External reference
Decoy exosomes offer protection against chemotherapy-induced toxicity
10.1002/advs.202203505 · 2022 · External reference
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10.1126/science.aau6977 · 2020 · External reference
Exosomes: Composition, biogenesis, and mechanisms in cancer metastasis and drug resistance
10.1186/s12943-019-0991-5 · 2019 · External reference
Exosome heterogeneity affects the distal "barrier-crossing" trafficking of exosome encapsulated quantum dots
10.1021/acsnano.3c09378 · 2024 · External reference
Exosomes form tunneling nanotubes (TUNTs) in the blood-brain barrier: A nano-anatomical perspective of barrier genesis
10.3389/fnmol.2022.938315 · 2022 · External reference
The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes for orthopedic diseases treatment
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Macrophage-derived exosomes promote telomere fragility and senescence in tubular epithelial cells by delivering miR-155
10.1186/s12964-024-01708-5 · 2024 · External reference
Dendritic cell derived exosomes loaded neoantigens for personalized cancer immunotherapies
10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.053 · 2023 · External reference
T cell-derived exosomes in tumor immune modulation and immunotherapy
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130033 · 2023 · External reference
A two-pronged strategy utilizing exosomes extracted from antigen-presenting cells to combat hepatitis B
10.1007/s12274-024-6723-1 · 2024 · External reference
Dual role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in dementia-related neurodegenerative disorders: Cargo of disease spreading signals and diagnostic-therapeutic molecules
10.1186/s40035-022-00326-w · 2022 · External reference
Epithelium- and endothelium-derived exosomes regulate the alveolar macrophages by targeting RGS1 mediated calcium signaling-dependent immune response
10.1038/s41418-021-00750-x · 2021 · External reference
Plasma-derived exosomal miR-15a-5p as a promising diagnostic biomarker for early detection of endometrial carcinoma
10.1186/s12943-021-01352-4 · 2021 · External reference
Fused exosomal targeted therapy in periprosthetic osteolysis through regulation of bone metabolic homeostasis
10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.04.006 · 2025 · External reference
Recommendations for reproducibility of cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicle studies
10.1002/jev2.12397 · 2024 · External reference
Human breast milk exosomes: Affecting factors, their possible health outcomes, and future directions in dietetics
10.3390/nu16203519 · 2024 · External reference
Saliva-derived extracellular vesicles: A promising therapeutic approach for salivary gland fibrosis
10.1186/s12967-025-06620-1 · 2025 · External reference
Exosome: A review of its classification, isolation techniques, storage, diagnostic and targeted therapy applications
10.2147/ijn.s264498 · 2020 · External reference
Trends and emerging frontiers of mesenchymal stem cells in intervertebral disc degeneration: A bibliometric analysis (2000-2024)
10.3389/fmed.2025.1601806 · 2025 · External reference
Stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: Clinical progress with exosomes and gene vectors
10.4252/wjsc.v17.i4.102945 · 2025 · External reference
Engineering exosomes as refined biological nanoplatforms for drug delivery
10.1038/aps.2017.12 · 2017 · External reference
Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery
10.7150/thno.52570 · 2021 · External reference
Engineering exosomes for therapeutic applications: Decoding biogenesis, content modification, and cargo loading strategies
10.2147/ijn.s464249 · 2024 · External reference
Surface functionalization of exosomes for target-specific delivery and in vivo imaging & tracking: Strategies and significance
10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.042 · 2020 · External reference
Hybrid exosomes, exosome-like nanovesicles and engineered exosomes for therapeutic applications
10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.027 · 2023 · External reference
Exosomal cargo-loading and synthetic exosome-mimics as potential therapeutic tools
10.1038/aps.2017.178 · 2018 · External reference
Exercise-intervened BMSC exosomes promote osteogenesis and alleviate aging-induced bone loss via YAP1/β-catenin signaling pathway
10.26599/nr.2025.94907354 · 2025 · External reference
Exosomes derived from human adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate osteoporosis through miR-335-3p/Aplnr axis
10.1007/s12274-022-4554-5 · 2022 · External reference
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Versatile nanomaterials for skin wound treatment
10.1007/s12274-023-6080-5 · 2024 · External reference
Enhanced homing of mesenchymal stem cells for in situ niche remodeling and bone regeneration
10.1007/s12274-024-6715-1 · 2024 · External reference
Uncovering the bequeathing potential of apoptotic mesenchymal stem cells via small extracellular vesicles for its enhanced immunomodulatory and regenerative ability
10.1186/s13287-025-04370-x · 2025 · External reference
Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in diseases
10.1186/s43556-025-00277-4 · 2025 · External reference
Native and engineered exosomes for inflammatory disease
10.1007/s12274-022-5275-5 · 2023 · External reference
Glioblastoma cell-derived exosomes functionalized with peptides as efficient nanocarriers for synergistic chemotherapy of glioblastoma with improved biosafety
10.1007/s12274-023-5921-6 · 2023 · External reference
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous miR-26a-5p via exosomes to inhibit nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis through METTL14/NLRP3
10.1186/s10020-021-00355-7 · 2021 · External reference
Enhanced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into NP-like cells via 3D co-culturing with mechanical stimulation
10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.02.008 · 2009 · External reference
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles carrying circ_0050205 attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1155/2022/8983667 · 2022 · External reference
Controlled release of hypoxic exosomes from PLGA microspheres attenuates IVDD progression through activating PPAR-γ and suppressing oxidative stress-mediated NPCs senescence
10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118940 · 2026 · External reference
Duhuo Jisheng decoction alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis via the exosome-mediated miR-19b-3p/ACSL4 axis
10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157113 · 2025 · External reference
Static magnetic field-modulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived mitochondria-containing microvesicles for enhanced intervertebral disc degeneration therapy
10.1186/s12951-024-02728-6 · 2024 · External reference
Exosomes derived from MSCs exposed to hypoxic and inflammatory environments slow intervertebral disc degeneration by alleviating the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells through epigenetic modifications
10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.046 · 2025 · External reference
Spheroid-derived BMSC exosomes enhance proliferation and matrix remodeling of nucleus pulposus cell clusters in degenerative disc repair
10.1002/smll.202507073 · 2025 · External reference
Hypoxia-preconditioned BMSC-derived exosomes induce mitophagy via the BNIP3-ANAX2 axis to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1002/advs.202404275 · 2024 · External reference
Exosomes inhibit ferroptosis to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration via the p62-KEAP1-NRF2 pathway
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.02.027 · 2025 · External reference
Injectable exosome-functionalized extracellular matrix hydrogel for metabolism balance and pyroptosis regulation in intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1186/s12951-021-00991-5 · 2021 · External reference
Adipose tissue-derived exosome maintains metabolic balance of extracellular matrix in rat nucleus pulposus cells
10.2147/ijn.s504649 · 2025 · External reference
MSC-derived exosomes alleviate oxidative stress-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization damage in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells via promoting m6A demethylation of Nrf2
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.04.051 · 2025 · External reference
Exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration via repairing mitochondrial dysfunction
10.1016/j.jot.2023.10.004 · 2024 · External reference
Injectable hydrogel loaded with exosomes from hypoxic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by reversing nucleus pulposus cell senescence
10.1093/rb/rbaf039 · 2025 · External reference
Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stromal cells carrying antagomiR-4450 alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration through upregulation of ZNF121
10.1089/scd.2020.0083 · 2020 · External reference
Exosomes miR-15a promotes nucleus pulposus-mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenic differentiation by targeting MMP-3
10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110083 · 2021 · External reference
Endplate chondrocyte-derived exosomal miR-128-3p mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting TRAF6 via the miR-128-3p/TRAF6 axis to suppress pyroptosis
10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113620 · 2024 · External reference
Degenerated nucleus pulposus cells derived exosome carrying miR-27a-3p aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration by inducing M1 polarization of macrophages
10.1186/s12951-023-02075-y · 2023 · External reference
Injectable cartilage matrix hydrogel loaded with cartilage endplate stem cells engineered to release exosomes for non-invasive treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.007 · 2022 · External reference
Senescent cartilage endplate stem cells-derived exosomes induce oxidative stress injury in nucleus pulposus cells and aggravate intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating FOXO3
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.027 · 2025 · External reference
Cartilage endplate stem cells inhibit intervertebral disc degeneration by releasing exosomes to nucleus pulposus cells to activate Akt/autophagy
10.1002/stem.3322 · 2021 · External reference
Cartilage endplate stem cells transdifferentiate into nucleus pulposus cells via autocrine exosomes
10.3389/fcell.2021.648201 · 2021 · External reference
Exosomal MATN3 of urine-derived stem cells ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration by antisenescence effects and promotes NPC proliferation and ECM synthesis by activating TGF-β
10.1155/2021/5542241 · 2021 · External reference
Exosome-targeted injectable hydrogels for sustained DEPTOR delivery and delay of IDD via the mTORC1/SASP pathway
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148758 · 2025 · External reference
Human iPSCs derived MSCs-secreted exosomes modulate senescent nucleus pulposus cells induced macrophage polarization via metabolic reprogramming to mitigate intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1002/advs.202504347 · 2025 · External reference
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous miR-105-5p via small extracellular vesicles to rejuvenate senescent nucleus pulposus cells and attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration
10.1186/s13287-021-02362-1 · 2021 · External reference
The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived migrasomes induced by Titania nanotubes surface serve as chemotaxis effect for osteogenesis
10.1186/s12951-025-03641-2 · 2025 · External reference
Mitochondrial components transferred by MSC-derived exosomes promoted bone regeneration under high salt microenvironment via DRP1/Wnt signaling
10.1007/s12274-024-6758-3 · 2024 · External reference
Salvianolic acid B combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells piggybacked on HAMA hydrogel re-transplantation improves intervertebral disc degeneration
10.3389/fbioe.2022.950625 · 2022 · External reference
Bone mesenchymal stem cells stimulation by magnetic nanoparticles and a static magnetic field: Release of exosomal miR-1260a improves osteogenesis and angiogenesis
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Exosomes derived from magnetically actuated bone mesenchymal stem cells promote tendon-bone healing through the miR-21-5p/SMAD7 pathway
10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100319 · 2022 · External reference
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A biomimetic adipocyte mesenchymal stem cell membrane-encapsulated drug delivery system for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
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EZH2 inhibits senescence-associated inflammation and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the cGAS/STING pathway via H3K27me3
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Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote wound repair in a diabetic mouse model via an anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory mechanism
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3D human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived bioengineered skeletal muscles for tissue, disease and therapy modeling
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3D-printed PCL scaffolds combined with injectable sodium alginate/magnesium-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanosphere hydrogel for meniscus regeneration: In vitro, in vivo, and multiomics-based therapeutic analyses
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