Research graph
References from Are we there yet? understanding interactions between respiratory viral infections, atopy, and the microbiome. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Epidemiology and natural history of atopic diseases
10.3402/ecrj.v2.24642 · 2015 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Respiratory viral infections and atopic development: from possible mechanisms to advances in treatment
10.1002/eji.201747052 · 2018 · External reference
Economic burden of severe asthma treatment: a real-life study
10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100662 · 2022 · External reference
Burden of respiratory viruses in children less than 2 years old in a community-based longitudinal US birth cohort
10.1093/cid/ciad289 · 2023 · External reference
Viral infections, atopy, and asthma: is there a causal relationship?
10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.033 · 2004 · External reference
Viruses and atopic sensitization in the first years of life
10.1164/ajrccm.162.supplement_2.ras-8 · 2000 · External reference
Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7
10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9906076 · 2000 · External reference
A cohort of children hospitalised with acute RSV bronchiolitis: impact on later respiratory disease
10.1016/s1526-0542(02)00191-4 · 2002 · External reference
Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life
10.1136/thx.2009.121582 · 2010 · External reference
Seasonality of long term wheezing following respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection
10.1136/thx.2003.013391 · 2004 · External reference
Predictive factors and clinical markers of recurrent wheezing and asthma after RSV infection
10.3390/v17081073 · 2025 · External reference
Association between early viral LRTI and subsequent wheezing development, a meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses for studies comparable for confounding factors
10.1371/journal.pone.0249831 · 2021 · External reference
The usual suspects: respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus drive asthma development and exacerbation
10.1016/j.anai.2025.04.013 · 2025 · External reference
Respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy and asthma during childhood in the USA (INSPIRE): a population-based, prospective birth cohort study
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00811-5 · 2023 · External reference
A retrospective cohort study on infant respiratory tract infection hospitalizations and recurrent wheeze and asthma risk: impact of respiratory syncytial virus
10.1093/infdis/jiac141 · 2022 · External reference
Role of type I interferon (IFN) in the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune response and disease severity
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00566 · 2019 · External reference
The effect of respiratory syncytial virus on subsequent recurrent wheezing in atopic and nonatopic children
10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.026 · 2010 · External reference
Rhinovirus-induced first wheezing episode predicts atopic but not nonatopic asthma at school age
10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.991 · 2017 · External reference
Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children
10.1164/rccm.200802-309oc · 2008 · External reference
Allergic sensitization is associated with rhinovirus-, but not other virus-, induced wheezing in children
10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01059.x · 2010 · External reference
STAT1 represses cytokine-producing group 2 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells during viral infection
10.4049/jimmunol.1601984 · 2017 · External reference
Innate type 2 responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection
10.3390/v12050521 · 2020 · External reference
Cutting edge: cD49d+ neutrophils induce FcepsilonRI expression on lung dendritic cells in a mouse model of postviral asthma
10.4049/jimmunol.1002456 · 2010 · External reference
Development of atopy by severe paramyxoviral infection in a mouse model
10.1016/j.anai.2010.09.010 · 2010 · External reference
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 expression identifies a subset of neutrophils during the antiviral response that contributes to postviral atopic airway disease
10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.026 · 2018 · External reference
Induction of high-affinity IgE receptor on lung dendritic cells during viral infection leads to mucous cell metaplasia
10.1084/jem.20070360 · 2007 · External reference
Structure-function analysis of CCL28 in the development of post-viral asthma
10.1074/jbc.m114.627786 · 2015 · External reference
Alternatively activated macrophages and airway disease
10.1378/chest.10-2132 · 2011 · External reference
Randomized trial of omalizumab (anti-IgE) for asthma in inner-city children
10.1056/nejmoa1009705 · 2011 · External reference
Human blood dendritic cells from allergic subjects have impaired capacity to produce interferon-alpha via toll-like receptor 9
10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02954.x · 2008 · External reference
Enhanced plasmacytoid dendritic cell antiviral responses after omalizumab
10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.035 · 2018 · External reference
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) evades the human adaptive immune system by skewing the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward increased levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE, markers of allergy–a review
10.1007/s11262-006-0064-x · 2006 · External reference
Reduced type-I interferon by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and asthma in school-aged children
10.1111/all.70005 · 2026 · External reference
Understanding the asthmatic response to an experimental rhinovirus infection: exploring the effects of blocking IgE
10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.035 · 2020 · External reference
Effects of omalizumab on rhinovirus infections, illnesses, and exacerbations of asthma
10.1164/rccm.201701-0120oc · 2017 · External reference
Predictors of clinical outcome in a national hospitalised cohort across both waves of the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic 2009–2010 in the UK
10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200266 · 2012 · External reference
Influenza in asthmatics: for better or for worse?
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01843 · 2018 · External reference
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in households with children with asthma and allergy: a prospective surveillance study
10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.014 · 2022 · External reference
Mice with asthma are more resistant to influenza virus infection and NK cells activated by the induction of asthma have potentially protective effects
10.1007/s10875-011-9619-2 · 2012 · External reference
Initial influenza virus replication can be limited in allergic asthma through rapid induction of type III interferons in respiratory epithelium
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00986 · 2018 · External reference
Prevention of influenza virus-induced immunopathology by TGF-beta produced during allergic asthma
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005180 · 2015 · External reference
Neuregulin-1 prevents death from a normally lethal respiratory viral infection
10.1371/journal.ppat.1013124 · 2025 · External reference
Single-cell RNA sequencing of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells defines a distinct signature in atopic and NRG1 mouse lung
10.1038/s41598-026-61413-w · 2026 · External reference
Low-dose lipopolysaccharide protects from lethal paramyxovirus infection in a macrophage- and TLR4-dependent process
10.4049/jimmunol.2200604 · 2023 · External reference
Atopic neutrophils prevent postviral airway disease
10.4049/jimmunol.2100766 · 2021 · External reference
Functional immunophenotyping of blood neutrophils identifies novel endotypes of viral response in preschool children with recurrent wheezing
10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.010 · 2023 · External reference
The emerging relationship between the airway microbiota and chronic respiratory disease: clinical implications
10.1586/ers.11.76 · 2011 · External reference
The virome in allergy and asthma: a nascent, ineffable player
10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.022 · 2023 · External reference
Post-viral lung diseases: the microbiota as a key player
10.1183/23120541.00560-2024 · 2025 · External reference
Nasal microbiome and phageome profiles are associated with prospective respiratory viral infection risk in school-age children
10.1016/j.jaci.2026.01.017 · 2026 · External reference
Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma
10.1007/s00281-019-00775-y · 2020 · External reference
Respiratory viral infection alters the gut microbiota by inducing inappetence
10.1128/mbio.03236-19 · 2020 · External reference
Childhood respiratory viral infections and the microbiome
10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.008 · 2023 · External reference
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in COVID-19: modulation and approaches for prevention and therapy
10.3390/ijms241512249 · 2023 · External reference
Relationship between gut microbiota and allergies in children: a literature review
10.3390/nu15112529 · 2023 · External reference
The interplay between oral, nasal, lungs and gut microbiome ecology in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection
10.37934/sijphpc.1.1.1636b · 2025 · External reference
Intestinal microbiota disruption reduces regulatory T cells and increases respiratory viral infection mortality through increased IFNgamma production
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01587 · 2018 · External reference
Interactions between host genetics and gut microbiome influence susceptibility to childhood asthma and lung function
10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1005 · 2026 · External reference
Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma
10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2271 · 2015 · External reference
House dust exposure mediates gut microbiome lactobacillus enrichment and airway immune defense against allergens and virus infection
10.1073/pnas.1310750111 · 2014 · External reference
Maturation of the gut microbiome and risk of asthma in childhood
10.1038/s41467-017-02573-2 · 2018 · External reference
Respiratory viral infections and atopic development: from possible mechanisms to advances in treatment
10.1002/eji.201747052 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma
10.1007/s00281-019-00775-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Mice with asthma are more resistant to influenza virus infection and NK cells activated by the induction of asthma have potentially protective effects
10.1007/s10875-011-9619-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) evades the human adaptive immune system by skewing the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward increased levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE, markers of allergy–a review
10.1007/s11262-006-0064-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of atopy by severe paramyxoviral infection in a mouse model
10.1016/j.anai.2010.09.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The usual suspects: respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus drive asthma development and exacerbation
10.1016/j.anai.2025.04.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Viral infections, atopy, and asthma: is there a causal relationship?
10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.033 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The effect of respiratory syncytial virus on subsequent recurrent wheezing in atopic and nonatopic children
10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.026 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Rhinovirus-induced first wheezing episode predicts atopic but not nonatopic asthma at school age
10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.991 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Enhanced plasmacytoid dendritic cell antiviral responses after omalizumab
10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.035 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 expression identifies a subset of neutrophils during the antiviral response that contributes to postviral atopic airway disease
10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.026 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Understanding the asthmatic response to an experimental rhinovirus infection: exploring the effects of blocking IgE
10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.035 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in households with children with asthma and allergy: a prospective surveillance study
10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.014 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Childhood respiratory viral infections and the microbiome
10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Functional immunophenotyping of blood neutrophils identifies novel endotypes of viral response in preschool children with recurrent wheezing
10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The virome in allergy and asthma: a nascent, ineffable player
10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Interactions between host genetics and gut microbiome influence susceptibility to childhood asthma and lung function
10.1016/j.jaci.2025.12.1005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Nasal microbiome and phageome profiles are associated with prospective respiratory viral infection risk in school-age children
10.1016/j.jaci.2026.01.017 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Economic burden of severe asthma treatment: a real-life study
10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100662 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy and asthma during childhood in the USA (INSPIRE): a population-based, prospective birth cohort study
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00811-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A cohort of children hospitalised with acute RSV bronchiolitis: impact on later respiratory disease
10.1016/s1526-0542(02)00191-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Maturation of the gut microbiome and risk of asthma in childhood
10.1038/s41467-017-02573-2 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Single-cell RNA sequencing of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells defines a distinct signature in atopic and NRG1 mouse lung
10.1038/s41598-026-61413-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Randomized trial of omalizumab (anti-IgE) for asthma in inner-city children
10.1056/nejmoa1009705 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
House dust exposure mediates gut microbiome lactobacillus enrichment and airway immune defense against allergens and virus infection
10.1073/pnas.1310750111 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Structure-function analysis of CCL28 in the development of post-viral asthma
10.1074/jbc.m114.627786 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Induction of high-affinity IgE receptor on lung dendritic cells during viral infection leads to mucous cell metaplasia
10.1084/jem.20070360 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Burden of respiratory viruses in children less than 2 years old in a community-based longitudinal US birth cohort
10.1093/cid/ciad289 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A retrospective cohort study on infant respiratory tract infection hospitalizations and recurrent wheeze and asthma risk: impact of respiratory syncytial virus
10.1093/infdis/jiac141 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Reduced type-I interferon by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and asthma in school-aged children
10.1111/all.70005 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Human blood dendritic cells from allergic subjects have impaired capacity to produce interferon-alpha via toll-like receptor 9
10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02954.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Allergic sensitization is associated with rhinovirus-, but not other virus-, induced wheezing in children
10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01059.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma
10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2271 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Respiratory viral infection alters the gut microbiota by inducing inappetence
10.1128/mbio.03236-19 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predictors of clinical outcome in a national hospitalised cohort across both waves of the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic 2009–2010 in the UK
10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200266 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Seasonality of long term wheezing following respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection
10.1136/thx.2003.013391 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life
10.1136/thx.2009.121582 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7
10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9906076 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Viruses and atopic sensitization in the first years of life
10.1164/ajrccm.162.supplement_2.ras-8 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children
10.1164/rccm.200802-309oc · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effects of omalizumab on rhinovirus infections, illnesses, and exacerbations of asthma
10.1164/rccm.201701-0120oc · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Post-viral lung diseases: the microbiota as a key player
10.1183/23120541.00560-2024 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Association between early viral LRTI and subsequent wheezing development, a meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses for studies comparable for confounding factors
10.1371/journal.pone.0249831 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Prevention of influenza virus-induced immunopathology by TGF-beta produced during allergic asthma
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005180 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Neuregulin-1 prevents death from a normally lethal respiratory viral infection
10.1371/journal.ppat.1013124 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Alternatively activated macrophages and airway disease
10.1378/chest.10-2132 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The emerging relationship between the airway microbiota and chronic respiratory disease: clinical implications
10.1586/ers.11.76 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Initial influenza virus replication can be limited in allergic asthma through rapid induction of type III interferons in respiratory epithelium
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00986 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Intestinal microbiota disruption reduces regulatory T cells and increases respiratory viral infection mortality through increased IFNgamma production
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01587 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Influenza in asthmatics: for better or for worse?
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01843 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Role of type I interferon (IFN) in the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune response and disease severity
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00566 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in COVID-19: modulation and approaches for prevention and therapy
10.3390/ijms241512249 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Relationship between gut microbiota and allergies in children: a literature review
10.3390/nu15112529 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Innate type 2 responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection
10.3390/v12050521 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Predictive factors and clinical markers of recurrent wheezing and asthma after RSV infection
10.3390/v17081073 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Epidemiology and natural history of atopic diseases
10.3402/ecrj.v2.24642 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The interplay between oral, nasal, lungs and gut microbiome ecology in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection
10.37934/sijphpc.1.1.1636b · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cutting edge: cD49d+ neutrophils induce FcepsilonRI expression on lung dendritic cells in a mouse model of postviral asthma
10.4049/jimmunol.1002456 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
STAT1 represses cytokine-producing group 2 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells during viral infection
10.4049/jimmunol.1601984 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Atopic neutrophils prevent postviral airway disease
10.4049/jimmunol.2100766 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Low-dose lipopolysaccharide protects from lethal paramyxovirus infection in a macrophage- and TLR4-dependent process
10.4049/jimmunol.2200604 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
