Research graph
References from Bioengineered human brain organoids and organ-on-chip platforms for exposure-aware assessment of developmental neurotoxicity induced by general anesthetics and sedatives. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
iPSC-Derived human microglia-like cells to study neurological diseases
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.042 · 2017 · External reference
Organoid intelligence for developmental neurotoxicity testing
10.3389/fncel.2024.1480845 · 2024 · External reference
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations of general anesthesia in pediatric subjects
10.1080/17425255.2020.1739648 · 2020 · External reference
Neuroprotective strategies in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity
10.1016/j.bpa.2022.11.005 · 2023 · External reference
Hypoxemia prediction in pediatric patients under general anesthesia using machine learning: a retrospective observational study and external validation
10.1371/journal.pone.0339276 · 2026 · External reference
Modeling anesthetic developmental neurotoxicity using human stem cells
10.1177/1089253213495923 · 2013 · External reference
GPX4 inhibition contributes to NLRP3-Mediated pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in ketamine-exposed neonatal rats
10.1007/s12035-025-05042-w · 2025 · External reference
Are there Islands of awareness?
10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.003 · 2020 · External reference
Cortical neurons obtained from patient-derived iPSCs with GNAO1 p.G203R variant show altered differentiation and functional properties
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26656 · 2024 · External reference
Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids
10.1038/nature22330 · 2017 · External reference
Modelling human brain development and disease with organoids
10.1038/s41580-024-00804-1 · 2025 · External reference
Preclinical evidence for anaesthesia-induced neurotoxicity
10.1016/j.bpa.2023.02.001 · 2023 · External reference
General anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy: a narrative review
10.1097/ea9.0000000000000003 · 2022 · External reference
Advances in foetal anaesthesia
10.1016/j.bpa.2024.04.008 · 2024 · External reference
Predicting long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for children born very preterm: a systematic review
10.1136/archdischild-2025-328891 · 2026 · External reference
Engineering of human brain organoids with a functional vascular-like system
10.1038/s41592-019-0586-5 · 2019 · External reference
Human cerebral organoids recapitulate gene expression programs of fetal neocortex development
10.1073/pnas.1520760112 · 2015 · External reference
Application of a high-density microelectrode array assay using a 3D human iPSC-derived brain microphysiological system model for in vitro neurotoxicity screening of environmental compounds
10.1007/s00204-025-04043-x · 2025 · External reference
Human brain Organoids-on-Chip: advances, challenges, and perspectives for preclinical applications
10.3390/pharmaceutics14112301 · 2022 · External reference
Towards a quality control framework for cerebral cortical organoids
10.1038/s41598-025-14425-x · 2025 · External reference
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT): a call for implementation of new approach methodologies for regulatory purposes: summary of the 5th International Conference on DNT testing
10.14573/altex.2503191 · 2025 · External reference
Developmental stage-dependent neurotoxicity of sevoflurane: evidence from brain organoids
10.3389/fncel.2026.1774547 · 2026 · External reference
Neonatal sevoflurane exposure exerts sex-specific effects on cognitive function via C3- and TLR4-Related M1/M2 microglial cell polarisation in rats
10.1111/jcmm.70311 · 2025 · External reference
Androgenic modulation of the chloride transporter NKCC1 contributes to age-dependent isoflurane neurotoxicity in Male rats
10.1097/aln.0000000000003437 · 2020 · External reference
Ketamine: neuroprotective or neurotoxic?
10.3389/fnins.2021.672526 · 2021 · External reference
Early-life midazolam exposure persistently changes chromatin accessibility to impair adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition
10.1073/pnas.2107596118 · 2021 · External reference
Developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine in pediatric clinical use
10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.030 · 2013 · External reference
Ketamine alters the neurogenesis of rat cortical neural stem progenitor cells
10.1097/ccm.0b013e318253563c · 2012 · External reference
Chronic exposure to (2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine induces developmental neurotoxicity in hESC-derived cerebral organoids
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131379 · 2023 · External reference
Propofol-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity: a mitochondrial perspective
10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148841 · 2024 · External reference
Single sevoflurane exposure decreases neuronal nitric oxide synthase levels in the hippocampus of developing rats
10.1093/bja/aes121 · 2012 · External reference
Neonatal exposure to a combination of N-methyl-D-aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor anesthetic agents potentiates apoptotic neurodegeneration and persistent behavioral deficits
10.1097/01.anes.0000278892.62305.9c · 2007 · External reference
Cerebral organoids at the air-liquid interface generate diverse nerve tracts with functional output
10.1038/s41593-019-0350-2 · 2019 · External reference
Generation and long-term culture of advanced cerebral organoids for studying later stages of neural development
10.1038/s41596-020-00433-w · 2021 · External reference
Long-term maturation of human cortical organoids matches key early postnatal transitions
10.1038/s41593-021-00802-y · 2021 · External reference
Erythropoietin reduces neurodegeneration and long-term memory deficits following sevoflurane exposure in neonatal rats
10.1007/s12640-019-00028-8 · 2019 · External reference
Sorption and release of small molecules in PDMS and COC for organs on chip
10.1038/s41598-025-97111-2 · 2025 · External reference
Effects of anesthesia and surgery on the morphologic and functional development of the premature neonatal brain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3390/jcm14030918 · 2025 · External reference
Towards a comprehensive understanding of anesthetic mechanisms of action: a decade of discover
10.1016/j.tips.2019.05.001 · 2019 · External reference
Human fetal brain self-organizes into long-term expanding organoids
10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.012 · 2024 · External reference
Engineering organoids
10.1038/s41578-021-00279-y · 2021 · External reference
The future of 3D brain cultures in developmental neurotoxicity testing
10.3389/ftox.2022.808620 · 2022 · External reference
Anaesthetic considerations for surgery in newborns
10.1136/archdischild-2016-311800 · 2017 · External reference
Anesthesia and developing brains: unanswered questions and proposed paths forward
10.1097/aln.0000000000004116 · 2022 · External reference
Comparison of the neuroapoptotic properties of equipotent anesthetic concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane in neonatal mice
10.1097/aln.0b013e3182084a70 · 2011 · External reference
Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits
10.1523/jneurosci.23-03-00876.2003 · 2003 · External reference
Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Remifentanil on neurodevelopment of children after inhalation anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial
10.1097/aln.0000000000005634 · 2025 · External reference
Maternal sevoflurane exposure induces temporary defects in interkinetic nuclear migration of radial glial progenitors in the fetal cerebral cortex through the Notch signalling pathway
10.1111/cpr.13042 · 2021 · External reference
Neurotoxicity of anesthetics: mechanisms and meaning from mouse intervention studies
10.1016/j.ntt.2018.11.004 · 2019 · External reference
Propofol induces ERK-dependant expression of c-Fos and Egr-1 in neuronal cell
10.1097/wnr.0b013e328329a449 · 2009 · External reference
Vascularized human brain organoids: current possibilities and prospects
10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.11.021 · 2025 · External reference
Neonatal desflurane exposure induces more robust neuroapoptosis than do isoflurane and sevoflurane and impairs working memory
10.1097/aln.0b013e318234228b · 2011 · External reference
Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
10.1038/nature12517 · 2013 · External reference
Cerebral organoids and antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics: challenges and opportunities
10.3389/fnmol.2022.941528 · 2022 · External reference
Effects of sevoflurane exposure on fetal brain development using cerebral organoids
10.1007/s12031-022-02080-0 · 2022 · External reference
Proposed key characteristics of neurotoxic chemicals
10.1016/j.neuro.2025.103370 · 2026 · External reference
From neurotoxicity to neuroprotection: rethinking GABA(A)R-targeting anesthetics
10.1007/s10565-025-10057-z · 2025 · External reference
Effects of sevoflurane on the development of a human brain microphysiological system
10.3390/ijms27073322 · 2026 · External reference
Propofol produces neurotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis
10.3892/etm.2022.11567 · 2022 · External reference
Maternal sevoflurane exposure increases the epilepsy susceptibility of adolescent offspring by interrupting interneuron development
10.1186/s12916-023-03210-0 · 2023 · External reference
Propofol reduces microglia activation and neurotoxicity through inhibition of extracellular vesicle release
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.05.003 · 2019 · External reference
Transcriptomic profiling of tetrodotoxin-induced neurotoxicity in human cerebral organoids
10.3390/md21110588 · 2023 · External reference
Neonatal sevoflurane exposures inhibits DHHC5-mediated palmitoylation of TfR1 in oligodendrocytes, leading to hypomyelination and neurological impairments
10.1016/j.jare.2025.02.009 · 2025 · External reference
Brain organoids in environmental neurotoxicology: applications, mechanisms, and future perspectives
10.1007/s10565-026-10161-8 · 2026 · External reference
Dynamic characterization of structural, molecular, and electrophysiological phenotypes of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids, and comparison with fetal and adult gene profiles
10.3390/cells9051301 · 2020 · External reference
Exposure to PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS induces Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in cerebral organoids
10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125098 · 2024 · External reference
Brain organoids: building higher-order complexity and neural circuitry models
10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.02.009 · 2025 · External reference
Organoids-On-a-Chip for personalized precision medicine
10.1002/adhm.202401843 · 2024 · External reference
An in vivo model of functional and vascularized human brain organoids
10.1038/nbt.4127 · 2018 · External reference
Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age after general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS): an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled equivalence trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32485-1 · 2019 · External reference
MEA-based graph deviation network for early autism syndrome signatures in human forebrain organoids
10.34133/cbsystems.0441 · 2025 · External reference
MicroRNAs-Based theranostics against anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity
10.3390/pharmaceutics15071833 · 2023 · External reference
Towards learning and memory risk assessment with human brain organoids: barriers and opportunities
10.3389/ftox.2026.1783893 · 2026 · External reference
Comprehensive characterization of chronic midazolam exposure on neonates and long-term neurodevelopment
10.1038/s41380-025-03104-y · 2025 · External reference
Lithium protects against anaesthesia neurotoxicity in the infant primate brain
10.1038/srep22427 · 2016 · External reference
Personalized pediatric anesthesia and pain management: problem-based review
10.2217/pgs-2019-0108 · 2020 · External reference
Maternal anesthesia and fetal neurodevelopment
10.1016/j.ijoa.2012.01.005 · 2012 · External reference
Integrated 3D human cerebral organoids and paediatric patient serum analysis reveals mechanisms and biomarkers of anaesthetic-induced neurotoxicity
10.1016/j.bja.2025.08.064 · 2026 · External reference
An emerging role of artificial intelligence in pediatric neuroanesthesia
10.3340/jkns.2026.0033 · 2026 · External reference
iPS-cell-derived microglia promote brain organoid maturation via cholesterol transfer
10.1038/s41586-023-06713-1 · 2023 · External reference
Evaluation of neurotoxicity with human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids
10.1002/cpz1.744 · 2023 · External reference
Single-cell analysis of dup15q syndrome reveals developmental and postnatal molecular changes in autism
10.1038/s41467-025-61184-4 · 2025 · External reference
Assessment of developmental neurotoxicity induced by chemical mixtures using an adverse outcome pathway concept
10.1186/s12940-020-00578-x · 2020 · External reference
Brain-region-specific organoids using mini-bioreactors for modeling ZIKV exposure
10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.032 · 2016 · External reference
Generation of human brain region-specific organoids using a miniaturized spinning bioreactor
10.1038/nprot.2017.152 · 2018 · External reference
Sliced human cortical organoids for modeling distinct cortical layer formation
10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.002 · 2020 · External reference
Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids
10.1038/nature22047 · 2017 · External reference
Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion and drug screening
10.1038/s41467-024-55226-6 · 2024 · External reference
Environmental mechanisms of neurodevelopmental toxicity
10.1007/s40572-018-0185-0 · 2018 · External reference
Patient-derived iPSC modeling of rare neurodevelopmental disorders: molecular pathophysiology and prospective therapies
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.025 · 2021 · External reference
Toward a better testing paradigm for developmental neurotoxicity: OECD efforts and regulatory considerations
10.3390/biology10020086 · 2021 · External reference
ICU patient-on-a-chip emulating orchestration of mast cells and cerebral organoids in neuroinflammation
10.1038/s42003-024-07313-z · External reference
Humanized brain organoids-on-chip integrated with sensors for screening neuronal activity and neurotoxicity
10.1007/s00604-023-06165-4 · External reference
Dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced neurocognitive impairment in neonatal rats
10.1097/aln.0b013e31819daedd · 2009 · External reference
Nitric oxide donor prevents neonatal isoflurane-induced impairments in synaptic plasticity and memory
10.1097/aln.0000000000002529 · 2019 · External reference
An in vivo neuroimmune organoid model to study human microglia phenotypes
10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.022 · 2023 · External reference
New approach methodologies in human regulatory toxicology - not if, but how and when
10.1016/j.envint.2023.108082 · 2023 · External reference
Single-cell sequencing of human neural organoids in a model of intracerebral hemorrhage reveals temporally dynamic responses to blood
10.1161/strokeaha.125.051788 · 2025 · External reference
Early neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15885 · 2026 · External reference
KMT2D deficiency leads to cellular developmental disorders and enhancer dysregulation in neural-crest-containing brain organoids
10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.004 · 2024 · External reference
Sevoflurane promotes premature differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in hiPSC-derived midbrain organoids
10.3389/fcell.2022.941984 · 2022 · External reference
Calpain-TRPC6 signaling pathway contributes to propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity in rats
10.1016/j.neuro.2023.01.004 · 2023 · External reference
Anesthetic-induced neurodevelopmental changes with region-specific responses to propofol in forebrain organoids
10.1016/j.stemcr.2026.102859 · 2026 · External reference
Vascularized human cortical organoids (vOrganoids) model cortical development in vivo
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000705 · 2020 · External reference
Anesthesia and sedation exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants undergoing congenital cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study
10.1097/aln.0000000000004684 · 2023 · External reference
Developmental neurotoxicity - challenges in the 21st century and in vitro opportunities
10.14573/altex.1403271 · 2014 · External reference
Sevoflurane diminishes neurogenesis and promotes ferroptosis in embryonic prefrontal cortex via inhibiting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression
10.1097/wnr.0000000000001775 · 2022 · External reference
Mechanistic insight into sevoflurane-associated developmental neurotoxicity
10.1007/s10565-021-09677-y · 2022 · External reference
NUFIP1-engineered exosomes derived from hUMSCs regulate apoptosis and neurological injury induced by propofol in newborn rats
10.1016/j.neuro.2024.04.002 · 2024 · External reference
Sevoflurane in combination with propofol, not thiopental, induces a more robust neuroapoptosis than sevoflurane alone in the neonatal mouse brain
10.1007/s00540-014-1822-x · 2014 · External reference
Organoid-guided precision medicine: from bench to bedside
10.1002/mco2.70195 · 2025 · External reference
Deriving early single-rosette brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells
10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.020 · 2023 · External reference
TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods
10.1136/bmj-2023-078378 · 2024 · External reference
Complex oscillatory waves emerging from cortical organoids model early human brain network development
10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.002 · 2019 · External reference
Controversies in anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity
10.1016/j.bpa.2023.03.004 · 2023 · External reference
Do we have viable protective strategies against anesthesia-Induced developmental neurotoxicity?
10.3390/ijms23031128 · 2022 · External reference
Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex
10.1038/s41586-019-1289-x · 2019 · External reference
3D cell cultures toward quantitative high-throughput drug screening
10.1016/j.tips.2022.03.014 · 2022 · External reference
Stem cell-based organoid models of neurodevelopmental disorders
10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.012 · 2023 · External reference
Repeated postnatal sevoflurane exposure impairs social recognition in mice by disrupting GABAergic neuronal activity and development in hippocampus
10.1016/j.bja.2024.05.047 · External reference
Human organoids-on-chips for biomedical research and applications
10.7150/thno.90492 · External reference
A phenotypic brain organoid atlas and biobank for neurodevelopmental disorders
10.1016/j.stem.2025.10.006 · 2025 · External reference
Intermittent propofol exposure induces neurodevelopmental alterations in human brain organoids
10.1007/s10571-026-01673-2 · 2026 · External reference
Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine
10.1007/s40262-017-0507-7 · 2017 · External reference
Soman-induced neurotoxicity in human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids: a whole-transcriptome analysis of ceRNA regulatory networks
10.1016/j.neuro.2025.103373 · 2026 · External reference
Challenges and opportunities in the use of transcriptomic characterization of human iPSC-derived BBB models
10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105424 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Ferroptosis contributes to isoflurane neurotoxicity
10.3389/fnmol.2018.00486 · 2018 · External reference
Unraveling the effects of prenatal anesthesia on neurodevelopment: a review of current evidence and future directions
10.1016/j.neuro.2024.09.003 · 2024 · External reference
Neurodevelopmental outcomes after multiple general anesthetic exposures before 5 years of age: a cohort study
10.1097/aln.0000000000005293 · 2025 · External reference
Anesthesia with sevoflurane in neonatal rats: developmental neuroendocrine abnormalities and alleviating effects of the corticosteroid and Cl(-) importer antagonists
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.016 · 2015 · External reference
Prolonged anesthesia induces neuroinflammation and complement-mediated microglial synaptic elimination involved in neurocognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behaviors
10.1186/s12916-022-02705-6 · 2023 · External reference
Effect of general anesthetic agents on microgli
10.14336/ad.2023.1108 · 2024 · External reference
Dexmedetomidine alleviates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity during late pregnancy by modulating apoptotic pathways and BDNF receptor expression
10.1007/s00221-025-07050-7 · 2025 · External reference
Developmental neurotoxicity of alcohol and anesthetic drugs is augmented by co-exposure to caffeine
10.3390/brainsci3031128 · 2013 · External reference
Propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies
10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00755 · 2023 · External reference
Dexmedetomidine attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurocognitive impairment through α2-adrenoceptors
10.3892/mmr.2020.11676 · 2021 · External reference
The cGAS/STING signaling pathway is involved in sevoflurane induced neuronal necroptosis via regulating microglia M1 polarization
10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111195 · 2024 · External reference
APOE4 exacerbates synapse loss and neurodegeneration in alzheimer's disease patient iPSC-derived cerebral organoids
10.1038/s41467-020-19264-0 · 2020 · External reference
Gut microbiota-metabolite-brain axis reconstitution reverses sevoflurane-induced social and synaptic deficits in neonatal mice
10.34133/research.0482 · 2024 · External reference
Human neuron chimeric mice reveal impairment of DVL-1-mediated neuronal migration by sevoflurane and potential treatment by rTMS
10.1038/s12276-025-01425-0 · 2025 · External reference
NUFIP1-engineered exosomes modulate propofol-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal rats via the ERS apoptotic pathway
10.1007/s10495-026-02326-x · 2026 · External reference
Organoids and organs-on-chips: recent advances, applications in drug development, and regulatory challenges
10.1016/j.medj.2025.100667 · 2025 · External reference
Melatonin attenuates sevoflurane-induced hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits in neonatal mice by suppressing CypD in parvalbumin neurons
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110809 · 2023 · External reference
