Research graph
References from Behind the screen: laypersons' mental models about ChatGPT. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
A dataset of media articles on ChatGPT,”
10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049100 · 2025 · External reference
10.1007/979-8-8688-0017-7
10.1007/979-8-8688-0017-7 · 2023 · External reference
College students' metaphors for ChatGPT: an exploratory study
10.1002/pra2.1116 · 2024 · External reference
Survey and analysis of hallucinations in large language models: attribution to prompting strategies or model behavior
10.3389/frai.2025.1622292 · 2025 · External reference
In-service teachers' (mis)conceptions of artificial intelligence in K-12 science education
10.1080/15391523.2022.2119450 · 2023 · External reference
Expl(AI)ned: the impact of explainable artificial intelligence on users' information processing
10.1287/isre.2023.1199 · 2023 · External reference
“Everything is perfect, and we have no problems”: detecting and limiting social desirability bias in qualitative research
10.1177/1049732319889354 · 2020 · External reference
Myths, mis- and preconceptions of artificial intelligence: a review of the literature
10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100143 · 2023 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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What does the public think about artificial intelligence?—A criticality map to understand bias in the public perception of AI
10.3389/fcomp.2023.1113903 · 2023 · External reference
10.3386/w34255
10.3386/w34255 · 2025 · External reference
Developing and validating measures for AI literacy tests: from self-reported to objective measures
10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100282 · 2024 · External reference
Folk psychological attributions of consciousness to large language models
10.1093/nc/niae013 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1943 · External reference
How laypeople evaluate scientific explanations containing jargon
10.1038/s41562-025-02227-0 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
The impact of anthropomorphizing large language models-based chatbots: a scoping review
10.21203/rs.3.rs-9224936/v1 · 2026 · External reference
Adaptive folk theorization as a path to algorithmic literacy on changing platforms
10.1145/3476080 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
Language processing: construction of mental models or more?
10.1016/s0166-4115(06)80035-x · 2006 · External reference
Bending the automation bias curve: a study of human and AI-based decision making in national security contexts
10.1093/isq/sqae020 · 2024 · External reference
“Alexa, what's inside of you: a qualitative study to explore users' mental models of intelligent voice assistants,”
10.1145/3570945.3607335 · 2023 · External reference
GLAT: the generative AI literacy assessment test
10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100436 · 2025 · External reference
Unresolved reference
1995 · External reference
Mental models and deduction
10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01751-4 · 2001 · External reference
Eliciting mental models: a comparison of interview procedures in the context of natural resource management
10.5751/es-06248-190113 · 2014 · External reference
Working with large language models: impacts on performance, efficiency and perceived responsibility
10.1080/0144929x.2026.2666279 · 2026 · External reference
Exploring middle school students' common naive conceptions of artificial intelligence concepts, and the evolution of these ideas
10.1007/s10639-023-11600-3 · 2023 · External reference
Generative AI risks and resilience: how users adapt to hallucination and privacy challenges
10.1016/j.teler.2025.100221 · External reference
“The impact of generative AI on critical thinking: self-reported reductions in cognitive effort and confidence effects from a survey of knowledge workers,”
10.1145/3706598.3713778 · External reference
Understanding and perception of automated text generation among the public: two surveys with representative samples in Germany
10.3390/bs14050353 · 2024 · External reference
“Always check important information!” - the role of disclaimers in the perception of AI-generated content
10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100142 · 2025 · External reference
Into the black box: laypeople's folk theories about generative artificial intelligence chatbots
10.1177/20539517261447838 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2015 · External reference
“Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse,”
10.1007/978-3-658-21308-4_42 · 2019 · External reference
“Empowering calibrated (dis-)trust in conversational agents: a user study on the persuasive power of limitation disclaimers vs. authoritative style,”
10.1145/3613904.3642122 · 2024 · External reference
Conceptualizing AI literacy: an exploratory review
10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041 · 2021 · External reference
Investigating contributors to performance evaluations in small groups: task competence, speaking time, physical expressiveness, and likability
10.1371/journal.pone.0252980 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Unresolved reference
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Unresolved reference
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Lay theories of personality: cornerstones of meaning in social cognition
10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00222.x · 2009 · External reference
How do people react to ChatGPT's unpredictable behavior? Anthropomorphism, uncanniness, and fear of AI: a qualitative study on individuals' perceptions and understandings of LLMs' nonsensical hallucinations
10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103471 · 2025 · External reference
ChatGPT: a comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope
10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.04.003 · 2023 · External reference
“Mind the memory gap: unveiling GPU bottlenecks in large-batch LLM,”
10.1109/cloud67622.2025.00036 · 2025 · External reference
An exploration of mental models of AI in human–AI co-creativity: a framework and insights
10.1145/3769072 · 2025 · External reference
Laypersons' perceptions and misconceptions of AI-chatbots: a systematic review
10.1007/s10209-026-01323-w · 2026 · External reference
Talking about large language models
10.1145/3624724 · 2024 · External reference
Unresolved reference
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Unresolved reference
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Misconceptions reconceived: a constructivist analysis of knowledge in transition
10.1207/s15327809jls0302_1 · 1994 · External reference
What large language models know and what people think they know
10.1038/s42256-024-00976-7 · 2025 · External reference
Lay belief about AI and its decision-making
10.3389/fcomp.2026.1768435 · 2026 · External reference
“I want to see how smart this ai really is”: player mental model development of an adversarial AI player
10.1145/3549482 · 2022 · External reference
The mind in the machine: anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle
10.1016/j.jesp.2014.01.005 · 2014 · External reference
“Taxonomy of risks posed by language models,”
10.1145/3531146.3533088 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
External reference
“How to assess AI literacy: misalignment between self-reported and objective-based measures,”
10.1145/3785022.3785088 · 2026 · External reference
