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References from The role of IL-6 in atherosclerosis: a narrative review. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment: an American Society for Preventive Cardiology clinical practice statement
10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100335 · 2022 · External reference
Association of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 with cardiovascular disease in older adults: atherosclerosis risk in communities study
10.1093/eurjpc/zwad197 · 2023 · External reference
Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture
10.1161/circresaha.114.302721 · 2014 · External reference
Comparative analysis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden between ages 20–54 and over 55 years: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
10.1186/s12916-024-03527-4 · 2024 · External reference
Inflammatory and metabolic markers mediate the association of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with 10-year ASCVD risk
10.1080/07853890.2025.2486594 · 2025 · External reference
Early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
10.1093/eurjpc/zwae240 · 2025 · External reference
2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: developed by the Task Force for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies with the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484 · 2021 · External reference
2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010 · 2019 · External reference
2024 ESC guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes: developed by the Task Force for the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177 · 2024 · External reference
Pleiotropic effects of statins
10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095748 · 2005 · External reference
Pleiotropic effects of statins
10.4103/2230-8210.163106 · 2015 · External reference
The effect of different statin-based lipid-lowering strategies on C-reactive protein levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease
10.1002/clc.24301 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of statin use on inflammation and immune activation biomarkers in HIV-infected persons on effective antiretroviral therapy
10.1089/aid.2020.0127 · 2020 · External reference
Statins and nitric oxide reduce C-reactive protein production while inflammatory conditions persist
10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.045 · 2006 · External reference
Inflammation during percutaneous coronary intervention—prognostic value, mechanisms and therapeutic targets
10.3390/cells10061391 · External reference
Dissecting the IL-6 pathway in cardiometabolic disease: a Mendelian randomization study on both IL6 and IL6r
10.1111/bcp.15191 · 2022 · External reference
Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics
10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100130 · 2020 · External reference
Integrating the interleukins in the biomarker panel for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes: unraveling a multifaceted conundrum
10.3390/diagnostics15101211 · 2025 · External reference
Targeting IL-6 trans-signalling: past, present and future prospects
10.1038/s41577-023-00856-y · 2023 · External reference
IL-6 promotes cell adhesion in human endothelial cells via microRNA-126–3p suppression
10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112094 · 2020 · External reference
Classical IL-6 signaling: a promising therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension
10.1172/jci120415 · 2018 · External reference
Interleukin-6: designing specific therapeutics for a complex cytokine
10.1038/nrd.2018.45 · 2018 · External reference
Role of interleukin-6 in vascular health and disease
10.3389/fmolb.2021.641734 · 2021 · External reference
Interleukin-6 signalling, lipoprotein (a) lowering and cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomisation study (Abstr)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.2869 · 2024 · External reference
Proteogenomic data integration reveals Cxcl10 as a potentially downstream causal mediator for IL-6 signaling on atherosclerosis
10.1161/circulationaha.123.064974 · 2024 · External reference
Mir-223 exerts translational control of proatherogenic genes in macrophages
10.1161/circresaha.121.319120 · 2022 · External reference
Mettl14 mediates the inflammatory response of macrophages in atherosclerosis through the Nf-Κb/IL-6 signaling pathway
10.1007/s00018-022-04331-0 · 2022 · External reference
Role of Adar2-mediated innate immune responses in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis
10.1093/cvr/cvae088.169 · 2024 · External reference
Direct IL-6 inhibition prevents arterial thrombosis by reducing collagen-mediated platelets activation (Abstr)
2024 · External reference
Dnmt3a modifies the anti-inflammatory effect of the IL-6 classical pathway in macrophages to change the atherosclerosis burden (Abstr)
2024 · External reference
Mendelian randomization studies in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
10.12997/jla.2024.13.3.280 · 2024 · External reference
Patterns of inflammatory activation in cardiovascular disease: insights from the randomized colchicine PCI trial (Abstr)
10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.16734 · 2023 · External reference
Associations of rheumatoid factor, rheumatoid arthritis, and interleukin-6 inhibitor with the prognosis of ischemic stroke: a prospective multicenter cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis
10.1007/s12975-023-01161-5 · 2024 · External reference
Interleukin-6 and cardiovascular events in healthy adults
10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101063 · 2024 · External reference
Interleukin-6 plasma levels are elevated in patients with acute myocardial infarction and predict death or recurrent infarction within 1 year—a case-control study (Abstr)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehad655.1383 · 2023 · External reference
Cardiovascular calcifications are correlated with inflammation in hemodialysis patients
10.3390/medicina59101801 · 2023 · External reference
Relationship between serum interleukin-6 levels and severity of STEMI undergoing percutaneous xoronary intervention (Abstr)
2024 · External reference
The prognostic value of serum interleukin-6 concentrations for 9 cardiovascular and mortality outcomes: the Cross Cohort Collaboration (CCC)
10.1016/j.jacc.2026.04.015 · 2026 · External reference
Discovery of four plasmatic biomarkers potentially predicting cardiovascular outcome in peripheral artery disease
10.1038/s41598-022-23260-3 · 2022 · External reference
Coronary atherosclerosis, cardiac troponin, and interleukin-6 in patients with chest pain
10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.03.016 · 2022 · External reference
The IL-6 Rs1800795 and Rs1800796 polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease risk
10.1111/jcmm.15246 · 2020 · External reference
Inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein and outcomes in stable coronary heart disease: experiences from the stability (stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque by initiation of darapladib therapy) trial
10.1161/jaha.116.005077 · 2017 · External reference
Cardiovascular risk factors: the effects of ageing and smoking on the immune system, an observational clinical study
10.3389/fimmu.2022.968815 · 2022 · External reference
Genetic and environmental determinants of population variation in interleukin-6, its soluble receptor and C-reactive protein: insights from identical and fraternal twins
10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.010 · 2015 · External reference
Effect of a nut-enriched low-calorie diet on body weight and selected markers of inflammation in overweight and obese stable coronary artery disease patients: a randomized controlled study
10.1038/s41430-020-00819-9 · 2021 · External reference
The interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphism -174 and atherosclerotic events in overweight transplanted patients
10.1155/2011/803429 · 2011 · External reference
Efficacy of intermittent fasting in the management of chronic plaque psoriasis: a phase IIb clinical trial
10.4103/idoj.idoj_635_24 · 2025 · External reference
Can intervals enhance the inflammatory response and enjoyment in upper-body exercise?
10.1007/s00421-017-3602-4 · 2017 · External reference
Exercise training reduces circulating cytokines in male patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
10.14814/phy2.15634 · 2023 · External reference
Comparison of interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for cardiovascular risk assessment: findings from the mesa study
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117461 · 2024 · External reference
Awareness and perceptions of cardiologists towards systemic inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a multi-national survey across 5 geographical regional sub-groups (Abstr)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.1315 · 2024 · External reference
Population differences in proinflammatory biology: Japanese have healthier profiles than Americans
10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.013 · 2011 · External reference
Effect of a single dose of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab on inflammation and troponin T release in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
10.1093/eurheartj/ehw171 · 2016 · External reference
Cardiovascular safety of tocilizumab versus etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial
10.1002/art.41095 · 2020 · External reference
Short-term application of tocilizumab during myocardial infarction (STAT-MI)
10.1007/s00296-017-3842-y · 2018 · External reference
Interleukin-6 inhibition in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: immune cell profile in the randomised ASSAIL-MI trial
10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104013 · 2022 · External reference
The effects of interleukin-6-receptor inhibition on monocytes in STEMI: a substudy of the ASSAIL-MI trial
10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105960 · 2025 · External reference
Randomized trial of interleukin-6 receptor inhibition in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.049 · 2021 · External reference
Neutrophil extracellular traps in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: reduced by tocilizumab and associated with infarct size
10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101193 · 2024 · External reference
Long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab with or without background csDMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis
10.1093/rheumatology/kead062 · 2023 · External reference
Long-term safety and efficacy of sirukumab for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who previously received sirukumab in randomised controlled trials (SIRROUND-LTE)
10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001465 · 2021 · External reference
Olokizumab plus methotrexate: safety and efficacy over 106 weeks of treatment
10.1136/ard-2023-225473 · 2024 · External reference
IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high atherosclerotic risk (RESCUE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00520-1 · 2021 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of interleukin-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high risk of atherosclerotic events in Japan (RESCUE-2): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.05.006 · 2023 · External reference
Wcn25-888 design of the ZEUS trial: interleukin 6 inhibition with ziltivekimab for cardiovascular protection in chronic kidney disease
10.1016/j.ekir.2024.11.1354 · 2025 · External reference
IL-6 inhibition with clazakizumab in patients receiving maintenance dialysis: a randomized phase 2b trial
10.1038/s41591-024-03043-1 · 2024 · External reference
Inflammatory biomarkers and long-term outcome in young stable patients 3 months after a first myocardial infarction (Abstr)
2023 · External reference
Development and validation of the American Heart Association's prevent equations
10.1161/circulationaha.123.067626 · 2024 · External reference
Development and validation of Qrisk3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study
10.1136/bmj.j2099 · 2017 · External reference
The effects of statins on cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers in primary prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.hlc.2023.04.300 · 2023 · External reference
2025 focused update of the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120479 · 2025 · External reference
Interleukin-6 level is a powerful predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
10.1016/j.vph.2020.106806 · 2020 · External reference
Interleukin-6 as an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events in high-risk Japanese patients: comparison with C-reactive protein
10.1016/j.cyto.2010.12.005 · 2011 · External reference
Serum midkine level and its association with subclinical coronary artery calcification and carotid atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease
10.1186/s12882-025-04066-7 · 2025 · External reference
Association between IL-6 and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in the veterans affairs diabetes trial (VADT)
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.031 · 2009 · External reference
Multi-modality biomarkers in the early prediction of ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged men during a 21-year follow-up
10.1186/s12872-021-01886-x · 2021 · External reference
Inflammatory markers as independent predictors for stroke outcomes
10.1002/brb3.1922 · 2021 · External reference
Frontiers and hotspot evolution of Nlrp3 inflammasome in myocardial infarction research: a bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2024
10.1155/cdr/5178894 · 2025 · External reference
Inflammatory cytokines and ischemic stroke risk
10.1212/wnl.0000000000007416 · 2019 · External reference
Intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol levels with evolocumab in autoimmune or inflammatory diseases: an analysis of the Fourier trial
10.1161/circulationaha.124.072756 · 2025 · External reference
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of chronic inflammation and platelet aggregation
10.3390/medicina59030554 · 2023 · External reference
A study of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease pre-dialysis patients
10.4103/ijn.ijn_222_22 · 2023 · External reference
Evaluation of inflammatory status in chronic kidney disease patients and a comparison between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients
10.7759/cureus.69443 · 2024 · External reference
Elevated remnant cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based prospective cohort study
10.1007/s00125-023-06016-0 · 2023 · External reference
Common and novel markers for measuring inflammation and oxidative stress ex vivo in research and clinical practice-which to use regarding disease outcomes?
10.3390/antiox10030414 · 2021 · External reference
Analytical evaluation of the automated interleukin-6 assay on the Roche cobas E602 analyzer
10.1093/labmed/lmae064 · 2025 · External reference
Inflammatory state does not affect the antiplatelet efficacy of potent P2y12 inhibitors in ACS
10.1080/09537104.2020.1766670 · 2021 · External reference
Statins: mechanism of action and effects
10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00172.x · 2001 · External reference
Dual pathway inhibition with rivaroxaban and aspirin reduces inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerosis
10.1097/fjc.0000000000001382 · 2023 · External reference
2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force for Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486 · 2020 · External reference
Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes
10.1016/j.redox.2023.102849 · 2023 · External reference
Combining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAS) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
10.1186/s12933-023-01798-4 · 2023 · External reference
Inflammation and cholesterol as predictors of cardiovascular events among 13970 contemporary high-risk patients with statin intolerance
10.1161/circulationaha.123.066213 · 2024 · External reference