Research graph
References from What we know about executive function research in Africa: A scoping review. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Directly assessed and adult-reported executive functions: associations with academic skills in Ghana
10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101437 · 2022 · External reference
Child maltreatment, cognitive functions and the mediating role of mental health problems among maltreated children and adolescents in Uganda
10.1186/s13034-021-00373-7 · 2021 · External reference
Majority world: challenging the West's rhetoric of democracy
10.17953/amer.34.1.l3176027k4q614v5 · 2008 · External reference
Measurement invariance of working memory measures across two Arab cultures
10.2466/22.03.08.pms.115.4.43-59 · 2012 · External reference
Creativity in older adults: elucidating the interactions between cognitive functions underlying creativity and the role of demographic variables
10.1002/jocb.614 · 2023 · External reference
Comparing executive functioning in the school readiness of Hungarian and Kenyan preschoolers
10.1007/s13158-022-00331-0 · 2022 · External reference
The childhood executive functioning inventory (CHEXI): psychometric properties and association with academic achievement in Kenyan first graders
2021 · External reference
Test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the South African early learning outcomes measure (ELOM)
10.4102/sajce.v11i1.881 · 2021 · External reference
Cultural values underlying psychometric cognitive testing
10.1007/s11065-005-9180-y · 2005 · External reference
Household food insecurity and early childhood development: longitudinal evidence from Ghana
10.1371/journal.pone.0230965 · 2020 · External reference
Relative contributions of mothers, fathers, and other caregivers' cognitive and socioemotional stimulation on Ghanaian children's school readiness
10.1080/10409289.2024.2425591 · 2025 · External reference
Observing teachers' displays and scaffolding of executive functioning in the classroom context
10.1016/j.appdev.2018.12.004 · 2019 · External reference
Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.06.005 · 2013 · External reference
Learning for adaptation and 21st-century skills: Evidence of pupils' flexibility in Rwandan primary schools
10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102642 · 2022 · External reference
From external regulation to self-regulation: early parenting precursors of young children's executive functioning
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01397.x · 2010 · External reference
Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample
10.1016/j.lindif.2011.01.007 · 2011 · External reference
Advancing early childhood development: from science to scale 1: early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course
10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31389-7 · 2016 · External reference
Stress and the development of self-regulation in context
10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00145.x · 2010 · External reference
School readiness and self-regulation: a developmental psychobiological approach
10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015221 · 2015 · External reference
The role of executive functions in socioeconomic attainment gaps: results from a randomized controlled trial
10.1111/cdev.13358 · 2020 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and child development
10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · 2002 · External reference
Normative cognition and the effects of a probiotic food intervention in first grade children in Côte d'Ivoire
10.1038/s41598-022-23797-3 · 2022 · External reference
A unitary executive function predicts intelligence in children
10.1016/j.intell.2012.05.006 · 2012 · External reference
Theory of mind and inhibitory control in three cultures: conflict inhibition predicts false belief understanding in Germany, Costa Rica and Cameroon
10.1177/0165025406066759 · 2006 · External reference
A multilingual advantage in the components of working memory
10.1017/s1366728917000475 · 2019 · External reference
Executive function and pre-academic skills in preschoolers from South Africa
10.4102/sajce.v13i1.1369 · 2023 · External reference
Child exposure to violence and self-regulation in South African preschool-age children from low-income settings
10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105944 · 2022 · External reference
Risk and protective factors for executive function in vulnerable South African preschool-age children
10.5334/joc.377 · 2024 · External reference
Associations of physical activity and gross motor skills with executive function in preschool children from low-income South African settings
10.1111/desc.12820 · 2019 · External reference
Associations between South African preschoolers' routine physical activity, self-regulation, and psychosocial well-being
10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100383 · 2021 · External reference
Learning through play in Global Majority countries: reflections from the PEDAL centre on understanding and adapting the concept in four different contexts
10.1080/21594937.2024.2388952 · 2024 · External reference
How attention factors into executive function in preschool children
10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146101 · 2023 · External reference
Executive functions
10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 · 2013 · External reference
Insights from a career at the border of developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience
10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-114435 · 2025 · External reference
Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old
10.1126/science.1204529 · 2011 · External reference
Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not
10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005 · 2016 · External reference
Rethinking executive function and its development
10.1177/1745691620904771 · 2020 · External reference
Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01641.x · 2005 · External reference
Translation and cultural adaptation of NIH Toolbox cognitive tests into Swahili and Dholuo languages for use in children in western Kenya
10.1017/s1355617721000497 · 2022 · External reference
Socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning: moving from correlation to causation
10.1002/wcs.1176 · 2012 · External reference
Efficiency of executive function: a two-generation cross-cultural comparison of samples from Hong Kong and the United Kingdom
10.1177/0956797616687812 · 2017 · External reference
Do executive functions mediate the link between socioeconomic status and numeracy skills? A cross-site comparison of Hong Kong and the United Kingdom
10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104734 · 2020 · External reference
Measuring self-efficacy, executive function, and temporal discounting in Kenya
10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.002 · 2018 · External reference
Working memory and multilingualism: balanced language proficiency predicts verbal working memory
10.1080/13670050.2021.1997901 · 2022 · External reference
Exploring South African preschool teachers' roles and responsibilities with executive functions
10.4102/sajce.v12i1.1141 · 2022 · External reference
Reliability and stability of executive functioning in older adults
10.1037/0894-4105.20.5.607 · 2006 · External reference
Developing a culturally relevant executive function observation scale based on interviews with Nigerian preschool teachers
10.1002/icd.70042 · 2025 · External reference
Reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the computerized battery for neuropsychological evaluation of children (BENCI)
10.1080/09297049.2014.896330 · 2015 · External reference
Socioeconomic gradients and child development in a very low-income population: evidence from Madagascar
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01032.x · 2011 · External reference
Executive functions, motivation, and children's academic development in Côte d'Ivoire
10.1037/dev0001423 · 2022 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Neural substrates of early executive function development
10.1016/j.dr.2019.100866 · 2019 · External reference
A cognitive assessment tool designed for data collection in the field in low- and middle-income countries
10.1177/1745499919829217 · 2019 · External reference
How the timing and quality of early experiences influence the development of brain architecture
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01380.x · 2010 · External reference
Social protection and foundational cognitive skills during adolescence: evidence from a large public works program
10.1093/wber/lhad035 · 2024 · External reference
Working memory in the prefrontal cortex
10.3390/brainsci7050049 · 2017 · External reference
Prefrontal cortex and neural mechanisms of executive function
10.1016/j.jphysparis.2013.05.001 · 2013 · External reference
Impact of music on working memory in Rwanda
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00774 · 2020 · External reference
The development of executive function and language skills in the early school years
10.1111/jcpp.12458 · 2016 · External reference
Can we measure cognitive constructs consistently within and across cultures? Evidence from a test battery in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Tanzania
10.1080/21622965.2016.1206823 · 2018 · External reference
Associations between early life adversity and executive function in children adopted internationally from orphanages
10.1073/pnas.1121246109 · 2012 · External reference
Challenging socioeconomic status: a cross-cultural comparison of early executive function
10.1111/desc.12854 · 2020 · External reference
Tracking executive function across the transition to school: a latent variable approach
10.1080/87565640903325691 · 2010 · External reference
Maternal trauma exposure is linked to adult offspring's cognitive functioning in the context of mass violence
10.1037/tra0001807 · 2024 · External reference
Principles for adapting assessments of executive function across cultural contexts
10.3390/brainsci14040318 · 2024 · External reference
The unity and diversity of executive functions: a systematic review and re-analysis of latent variable studies
10.1037/bul0000160 · 2018 · External reference
How we classify countries and people-and why it matters
10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009704 · 2022 · External reference
Are the main effects of the will to exist, live, survive and fight on optimizing executive function due to its optimizing self-motivation? A longitudinal study
10.1007/s10339-023-01128-2 · 2023 · External reference
The direct and indirect impact of trauma types and cumulative stressors and traumas on executive functions
10.1080/23279095.2020.1848835 · 2022 · External reference
Adverse childhood experiences and domain-specific cognitive function in a population-based study of older adults in rural South Africa
10.1037/pag0000552 · 2020 · External reference
Waiting for the second treat: developing culture-specific modes of self-regulation
10.1111/cdev.12847 · 2018 · External reference
A meta-analysis of the relationship between socioeconomic status and executive function performance among children
10.1111/desc.12529 · 2018 · External reference
Milk powder added to a school meal increases cognitive test scores in Ghanaian children
10.1093/jn/nxy083 · 2018 · External reference
Cultural variation in cognitive flexibility reveals diversity in the development of executive functions
10.1038/s41598-018-34756-2 · 2018 · External reference
The codevelopment of early social and cognitive skills in Ghana
10.1037/dev0001867 · 2024 · External reference
Late-childhood foundational cognitive skills predict educational outcomes through adolescence and into young adulthood: evidence from Ethiopia and Peru
10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102543 · 2024 · External reference
Usability and psychometric properties of a battery of tools to assess intelligence, executive functioning, and sustained attention in Tanzanian children
10.1371/journal.pone.0315058 · 2024 · External reference
Adverse childhood experiences and executive function difficulties in children: a systematic review
10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104485 · 2020 · External reference
Efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for attention and executive function in children and adolescents-A systematic review
10.1007/s12671-017-0770-6 · 2018 · External reference
Longitudinal predictors of single word spelling in Northern Sotho-English bilingual children: a cross-linguistic study
10.1007/s11145-024-10601-z · 2024 · External reference
Diversity in Africa: a cause for disunity?
10.1080/09766634.2015.11885663 · 2015 · External reference
Executive functions in understanding certain disabilities within an African context
10.3389/feduc.2023.1022453 · 2023 · External reference
Links between behavioral regulation and preschoolers' literacy, vocabulary, and math skills
10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.947 · 2007 · External reference
Early childhood developmental status in low-and middle-income countries: national, regional, and global prevalence estimates using predictive modeling
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002034 · 2016 · External reference
Poverty, physical stature, and cognitive skills: mechanisms underlying children's school enrollment Zambia
10.1037/a0038924 · 2015 · External reference
Early childhood care and education and school readiness in Zambia
10.1080/19345747.2016.1250850 · 2017 · External reference
10.1016/j.dcn.2011.09.008 · 2012 · Admitted local publication
Parents' views on play and the goal of early childhood education in relation to children's home activity and executive functions: a cross-cultural investigation
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646074 · 2021 · External reference
The relationship between parental play beliefs, preschoolers' home experience, and executive functions: an exploratory study in Ethiopia
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00624 · 2020 · External reference
Executive functioning skills and their environmental predictors among pre-school aged children in South Africa and The Gambia
10.1111/desc.13407 · 2024 · External reference
The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: four general conclusions
10.1177/0963721411429458 · 2012 · External reference
10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · 2000 · Admitted local publication
A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety
10.1073/pnas.1010076108 · 2011 · External reference
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement
10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · 2009 · External reference
Association between physical activity, nutritional status and cognitive performance among school children in southern Tanzania
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1552215 · 2025 · External reference
Socioeconomic gradients predict individual differences in neurocognitive abilities
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00600.x · 2007 · External reference
Risky decision making and cognitive flexibility among online sports bettors in Nigeria
10.1002/ijop.12663 · 2020 · External reference
Contributions of working memory and inhibition to cognitive flexibility in Nigerian adolescents
10.1080/87565641.2020.1765169 · 2020 · External reference
Working for the future: parentally deprived Nigerian children have enhanced working memory ability
10.1111/jcpp.13241 · 2021 · External reference
Early executive functioning in a global context: developmental continuity and family protective factors
10.1111/desc.12795 · 2019 · External reference
Studying executive function skills in young children in low-and middle-income countries: progress and directions
10.1111/cdep.12349 · 2019 · External reference
Negative effects of teacher burnout on student executive function and social-emotional outcomes
10.1080/01443410.2023.2205067 · 2023 · External reference
Relative importance of early childhood development domains for schooling progression: longitudinal evidence from the Zambia early childhood development project
10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102445 · 2021 · External reference
Teacher depressive symptoms and children's school readiness in Ghana
10.1111/cdev.13909 · 2023 · External reference
Can touch screen tablets be used to assess cognitive and motor skills in early years primary school children? A cross-cultural study
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01666 · 2016 · External reference
Developing a computerized brief cognitive screening battery for Botswana: a feasibility study
10.1093/arclin/acy071 · 2019 · External reference
Neurodevelopmental effects of early deprivation in post-institutionalized children
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01391.x · 2010 · External reference
Hot and cool executive functions in adolescence: development and contributions to important developmental outcomes
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02311 · 2018 · External reference
Enhanced cognitive flexibility in the seminomadic Himba
10.1177/0022022118806581 · 2019 · External reference
Psychometric properties of the short self-regulation questionnaire (SSRQ) in a South African context
10.1080/14330237.2009.10820298 · 2009 · External reference
Linear growth and child development in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Malawi
10.1542/peds.2015-4698 · External reference
Effects of pre- and post-natal lipid-based nutrient supplements on infant development in a randomized trial in Ghana
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.05.011 · External reference
Effects of maternal and child lipid-based nutrient supplements on infant development: a randomized trial in Malawi
10.3945/ajcn.115.114579 · External reference
Provision of lipid-based nutrient supplements from age 6 to 18 months does not affect infant development scores in a randomized trial in Malawi
10.1007/s10995-016-2061-6 · External reference
Associations between individual variations in visual attention at 9 months and behavioral competencies at 18 months in rural Malawi
10.1371/journal.pone.0239613 · 2020 · External reference
Examination of school readiness constructs in Tanzania: psychometric evaluation of the MELQO scales
10.1016/j.appdev.2019.02.003 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of food supplementation on cognitive function, cerebral blood flow, and nutritional status in young children at risk of undernutrition: randomized controlled trial
10.1136/bmj.m2397 · 2020 · External reference
Exclusive breastfeeding and cognition, executive function, and behavioural disorders in primary school-aged children in rural South Africa: a cohort analysis
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002044 · 2016 · External reference
Normative data for the Tygerberg cognitive battery and mini-mental status examination in a South African population
10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.03.007 · 2010 · External reference
Validation of Oxford cognitive screen: executive function (OCS-EF), a tablet-based executive function assessment tool amongst adolescent females in rural South Africa
10.1002/ijop.12764 · 2021 · External reference
Neuropsychology in Cameroon: first normative data for cognitive tests among school-aged children
10.1080/09297040902802932 · 2009 · External reference
Does early nutrition predict cognitive skills during later childhood? Evidence from two developing countries
10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106480 · 2024 · External reference
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and child's cognitive performance at 6–8 years of age in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study
10.7717/peerj.3507 · 2017 · External reference
Association between stunting and neuro-psychological outcomes among children in Burkina Faso, West Africa
10.1186/s13034-018-0236-1 · 2018 · External reference
Breaking the limits of executive functions: towards a sociocultural perspective
10.1177/1354067x19898673 · 2020 · External reference
The executive functioning of Burundian refugee youth: associations with individual, family, and community factors
10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101399 · 2022 · External reference
Psychopathology mediates between maltreatment and memory functioning in Burundian refugee youth
10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105165 · 2021 · External reference
Dimensions of childhood adversity have distinct associations with neural systems underlying executive functioning
10.1017/s0954579417001390 · 2017 · External reference
“Decolonizing methodologies: research and indigenous peoples,”
10.21832/makoni8851 · 1999 · External reference
The multiple subfunctions of attention: differential developmental gateways to literacy and numeracy
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01809.x · 2012 · External reference
Effect of antenatal and infant micronutrient supplementation on middle childhood and early adolescent development outcomes in Tanzania
10.1038/s41430-019-0403-3 · 2019 · External reference
Patterns of cognitive and social-emotional parental stimulation practices among Ghanaian kindergarteners
10.1016/j.ecresq.2024.05.011 · 2024 · External reference
Duration of poverty and Ghanaian children's learning and executive function outcomes
10.1080/10888691.2023.2225774 · 2023 · External reference
Executive function mediates the association between cumulative risk and learning in Ghanaian schoolchildren
10.1037/dev0001372 · 2022 · External reference
Investigating the influence of expressive writing exercises on the working memory of middle adolescents and young adults in South Africa
10.1177/00812463211043450 · 2022 · External reference
The efficacy of different interventions to foster children's executive function skills: a series of meta-analyses
10.1037/bul0000195 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of a punitive environment on children's executive functioning: a natural experiment
10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00617.x · 2011 · External reference
PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation
10.7326/m18-0850 · 2018 · External reference
The relationship between multidimensional economic well-being and children's mental health, physical health, and executive function development in South Africa
10.1111/desc.12846 · 2019 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2019 · External reference
Validation of the short self-regulation questionnaire in a group of black teachers: the SABPA study
10.4102/sajip.v39i1.1157 · 2013 · External reference
A review of the literature on childhood executive functions in Zambia
10.21083/ajote.v11i2.7129 · 2022 · External reference
Gender differences in behavioral regulation in four societies: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China
10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.04.002 · 2013 · External reference
Testing the efficacy of the red-light purple-light games in preprimary classrooms in Kenya
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633049 · 2021 · External reference
Measuring executive function skills in young children in Kenya
10.1080/09297049.2018.1486395 · External reference
Measuring executive function skills in young children in Kenya: associations with school readiness
10.1111/desc.12818 · External reference
Impacts of pre-service training and coaching on kindergarten quality and student learning outcomes in Ghana
10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.05.001 · 2018 · External reference
Longitudinal causal impacts of preschool teacher training on Ghanaian children's school readiness: evidence for persistence and fade-out
10.1111/desc.12878 · 2019 · External reference
Experimental impacts of the “Quality Preschool for Ghana” interventions on teacher professional well-being, classroom quality, and children's school readiness
10.1080/19345747.2018.1517199 · 2018 · External reference
Household socioeconomic status and parental investments: direct and indirect relations with school readiness in Ghana
10.1111/cdev.12899 · 2019 · External reference
Executive functions form a single construct and are associated with schooling: evidence from three low- and middle- income countries
10.1371/journal.pone.0242936 · 2020 · External reference
Shifting ability predicts math and reading performance in children: a meta-analytical study
10.1016/j.lindif.2012.10.004 · 2013 · External reference
Evaluation of a tablet-based assessment tool for measuring cognition among children 4–6 years of age in Ghana
10.1002/brb3.2749 · 2022 · External reference
The dimensional change card sort (DCCS): a method of assessing executive function in children
10.1038/nprot.2006.46 · 2006 · External reference
The neurodevelopment of executive function skills: implications for academic achievement gaps
10.1037/pne0000208 · 2020 · External reference
Characterizing developing executive functions in the first 1000 days in South Africa and Malawi: the Khula study
10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19638.1 · 2024 · External reference
The effect of an 8-week aerobic dance program on executive function in children
10.1177/00315125211058001 · 2022 · External reference
Dimensionality and the development of cognitive assessments for children in Sub-Saharan Africa
10.1177/0022022115624155 · 2016 · External reference