Research graph
References from Advances in the management of obesity: non-pharmacological strategies, herbal formulations, current pharmacotherapy, emerging drugs, and future perspectives. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
National and international clinical guidelines for the management of obesity in adults: A systematic review
10.1111/obr.70163 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2025 · External reference
World Health Organization guideline on the use and indications of glucagon-like peptide-1 therapies for the treatment of obesity in adults
10.1001/jama.2025.24288 · 2026 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Worldwide trends in body-mass index from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02750-2 · 2024 · External reference
Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity
10.1056/nejmra1514009 · 2017 · External reference
Forecasting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in India to 2040
10.1371/journal.pone.0229438 · 2020 · External reference
Anti-obesity drug discovery: Advances and therapeutic opportunities
10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8 · 2022 · External reference
Neuronal regulation of feeding and energy metabolism: A focus on the hypothalamus and brainstem
10.1007/s12264-024-01335-7 · 2025 · External reference
Emerging therapeutic targets for obesity: FGF21, GDF15, brown adipose tissue activation, and gut microbiota modulation
10.1038/s41573-024-00912-3 · 2024 · External reference
An overview of obesity-related complications: The epidemiological evidence linking body weight and other markers of obesity to adverse health outcomes
10.1111/dom.16263 · 2025 · External reference
Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: Individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents
10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30175-1 · 2016 · External reference
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline for obesity
10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.001 · 2022 · External reference
Obesity-induced and weight-loss-induced physiological factors affecting weight regain
10.1038/s41574-023-00887-4 · 2023 · External reference
Pharmacotherapy for obesity management in adults: 2025 clinical practice guideline update
10.1503/cmaj.250502 · 2025 · External reference
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults
10.1038/s41591-025-03978-z · 2025 · External reference
Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
10.1056/nejmoa2032183 · 2021 · External reference
Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity
10.1056/nejmoa2206038 · 2022 · External reference
Triple-hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity — a phase 2 trial
10.1056/nejmoa2301972 · 2023 · External reference
Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity
10.1038/s41591-020-0803-x · 2020 · External reference
The (dys)regulation of energy storage in obesity
10.1152/physrev.00002.2024 · 2025 · External reference
Recent progress on action and regulation of anorexigenic adipokine leptin
10.3389/fendo.2023.1172060 · 2023 · External reference
The central signaling pathways related to metabolism-regulating hormones of the gut-brain axis: A review
10.1186/s12967-025-06656-3 · 2025 · External reference
Energy expenditure in humans: Principles, methods, and changes throughout the life course
10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-031443 · 2024 · External reference
Metabolic adaptations to weight loss
10.1002/oby.22189 · 2018 · External reference
Doubly labelled water assessment of energy expenditure: Principle, practice, and promise
10.1007/s00421-017-3641-x · 2017 · External reference
How well do activity monitors estimate energy expenditure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the validity of current technologies
10.1136/bjsports-2018-099643 · 2020 · External reference
Evidence from clinical studies of leptin: Current and future clinical applications in humans
10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156053 · 2024 · External reference
Brain access of incretins and incretin receptor agonists to their central targets relevant for appetite suppression and weight loss
10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2023 · 2024 · External reference
The intersection between ghrelin, metabolism and circadian rhythms
10.1038/s41574-023-00927-z · 2024 · External reference
Central effects of acute intranasal insulin on neuroimaging, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes: A systematic review
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105907 · 2024 · External reference
Tissue-specific activation of insulin signaling as a potential target for obesity-related metabolic disorders
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108699 · 2024 · External reference
GLP-1 physiology in obesity and development of incretin-based drugs for chronic weight management
10.1038/s42255-024-01113-9 · 2024 · External reference
Gut hormones and appetite regulation
10.1097/med.0000000000000859 · 2024 · External reference
Deciphering endocrine function of adipose tissue and its significant influences in obesity-related diseases caused by its dysfunction
10.1016/j.diff.2024.100832 · 2025 · External reference
Understanding adipose tissue dysfunction
10.7570/jomes24013 · 2024 · External reference
Inflammation-mediated metabolic regulation in adipose tissue
10.1111/obr.13724 · 2024 · External reference
Is adipose tissue inflammation the culprit of obesity-associated comorbidities
10.1111/obr.13956 · 2025 · External reference
Unraveling the gut microbiota’s role in obesity: Key metabolites, microbial species, and therapeutic insights
10.1128/jb.00479-24 · 2025 · External reference
Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities
10.1128/cmr.00045-23 · 2024 · External reference
GLP-1 and the neurobiology of eating control
10.1210/endocr/bqae167 · 2025 · External reference
The gut-brain axis in obesity: Mechanisms, development, and therapeutic perspectives
10.1007/s13668-026-00732-w · 2026 · External reference
The complex web of obesity: From genetics to precision medicine
10.1080/17446651.2024.2365785 · 2024 · External reference
Genetic architecture of obesity and advances in precision pharmacotherapy: A comprehensive review
10.3389/abp.2026.15484 · 2026 · External reference
Epigenetics in obesity: Mechanisms and advances in therapies based on natural products
10.1002/prp2.1171 · 2024 · External reference
Thermogenic adipose tissues: Promising therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases
10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109832 · 2025 · External reference
Brown and beige adipose tissue: One or different targets for treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders
10.3390/ijms252413295 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy of microbiome-targeted interventions in obesity management- A comprehensive systematic review
10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103208 · 2025 · External reference
2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
10.1016/j.jacc.2026.03.056 · 2026 · External reference
Effect of Mediterranean diets on cardiovascular risk factors and disease in overweight and obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1080/27697061.2024.2440051 · 2025 · External reference
Comparison of weight loss effects among overweight/obese adults: A network meta-analysis of Mediterranean, low carbohydrate, and low-fat diets
10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.08.023 · 2024 · External reference
Impacts of lifestyle and microbiota-targeted interventions for overweight and obesity on the human gut microbiome: A systematic review
10.1111/obr.70037 · 2026 · External reference
Plant-derived natural products for dietary intervention in overweight and obese individuals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.1002/ptr.8490 · 2025 · External reference
Comparison with dietary groups of various macronutrient ratios on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.3390/nu17162683 · 2025 · External reference
Assessing the evidence for health benefits of low-level weight loss: A systematic review
10.1038/s41366-024-01664-7 · 2025 · External reference
Obesity blunts insulin sensitivity improvements and attenuates strength gains following resistance training in nondiabetic men
10.1007/s00421-023-05370-6 · 2024 · External reference
The effects of kettlebell training versus resistance training using the own body mass on physical fitness and physiological adaptations in obese adults: A randomized controlled trial
10.1186/s13102-024-00894-6 · 2024 · External reference
Which components of behavioral weight management programs are essential for weight loss in people living with obesity? A rapid review of systematic reviews
10.1111/obr.13798 · 2024 · External reference
The impact of behavioral weight management interventions on eating behavior traits in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1111/obr.13871 · 2025 · External reference
Effect of telemedicine interventions on weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1177/1357633x241273991 · 2025 · External reference
The role of mobile apps in obesity management: Systematic review and meta-analysis
10.2196/67601 · 2025 · External reference
Short sleep duration is associated with higher risk of central obesity in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
10.1002/osp4.772 · 2024 · External reference
The relationship between sleep quantity, sleep quality and weight loss in adults: A scoping review
10.1111/cob.12634 · 2024 · External reference
2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO): Indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery
10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.013 · 2022 · External reference
International consensus position statement on the role of obesity management medications in the context of metabolic bariatric surgery: Expert guideline by the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO)
10.1093/bjs/znae283 · 2024 · External reference
A systematic review of herbal medicines for obesity and their active ingredients
10.3748/wjg.15.3073 · 2009 · External reference
Clinically effective molecules of natural origin for obesity prevention or treatment
10.3390/ijms25052671 · 2024 · External reference
Health-promoting components of fruits and vegetables in the diet
10.3945/an.112.003517 · 2013 · External reference
Green tea supplementation in adults with obesity: A systematic review of clinical studies
10.1007/s44187-025-00628-8 · 2025 · External reference
The use of Garcinia extract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a weight loss supplement: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
10.1155/2011/509038 · 2011 · External reference
The effect of glucomannan on body weight in overweight or obese children and adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
10.1016/j.nut.2014.09.004 · 2015 · External reference
Botanical and herbal dietary supplements for weight loss: A comprehensive review
10.1002/ptr.7512 · 2022 · External reference
The effects of ginger intake on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1080/10408398.2018.1427044 · 2019 · External reference
Effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) on metabolic parameters and weight management: A systematic review
10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154680 · 2023 · External reference
Gymnema sylvestre for the management of obesity and diabetes: Mechanisms of action and clinical evidence
10.1016/j.jep.2022.115820 · 2023 · External reference
The effects of curcumin on weight loss among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.3389/fphar.2019.00649 · 2019 · External reference
Capsaicinoids supplementation decreases body fat and fat mass in healthy humans
10.1186/s40608-018-0197-1 · 2018 · External reference
Berberine as a multi-target therapeutic agent for obesity: From pharmacological mechanisms to clinical evidence
10.1186/s40001-025-02738-6 · 2025 · External reference
Body weight management in adults under chronic stress through treatment with ashwagandha root extract: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
10.1177/2156587216641830 · 2017 · External reference
Anti-obesity potential of Triphala and its constituent botanical components: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical data
10.1080/19390211.2021.1887423 · 2022 · External reference
Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review
10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045 · 2025 · External reference
Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2107519 · 2021 · External reference
Comparative effects of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and network meta-analysis
10.1136/bmj-2026-372161 · 2026 · External reference
Rational use of short-term anorectic drugs for one-year effective treatment of obesity: An analysis of four studies
10.5414/cp204585 · 2024 · External reference
Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: A randomized controlled trial (EQUIP)
10.1038/oby.2011.330 · 2012 · External reference
Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study
10.3945/ajcn.111.024927 · 2012 · External reference
Phentermine/Topiramate for the treatment of adolescent obesity
10.1056/evidoa2200014 · 2022 · External reference
Effectiveness and predictors of weight loss response to phentermine plus lifestyle modifications among youth in a paediatric weight management clinical setting
10.1111/ijpo.13143 · 2024 · External reference
The weight reducing effects of naltrexone-bupropion among obese psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients: A systematic review
10.1007/s00213-025-06873-0 · 2025 · External reference
The effects of bupropion alone and combined with naltrexone on weight loss: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1186/s13098-024-01319-7 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, compared to caloric restriction, on appetite, dietary intake, body fat distribution and cardiometabolic biomarkers: A randomized trial in adults with obesity and prediabetes
10.1111/dom.15113 · 2023 · External reference
Liraglutide and weight loss among suboptimal responders to metabolic bariatric surgery: A randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.39848 · 2025 · External reference
Gastrointestinal tolerability and weight loss with semaglutide 2.4 mg in STEP 1-5 trials
10.1002/oby.23512 · 2022 · External reference
Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes (SELECT)
10.1056/nejmoa2307563 · 2023 · External reference
Once-daily oral semaglutide 25 mg in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 4): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
10.1056/nejmoa2500969 · 2025 · External reference
Treatment persistence and real-world outcomes with incretin-based therapies for obesity
10.1016/j.eprac.2024.11.008 · 2025 · External reference
Tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide for the treatment of obesity
10.1056/nejmoa2416394 · 2025 · External reference
Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension
10.1111/dom.14725 · 2022 · External reference
The evolving landscape of obesity pharmacotherapy
10.1038/s41573-026-01427-1 · 2026 · External reference
LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, enhances energy expenditure and weight loss in rodents
10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.013 · 2022 · External reference
The first phase 3 obesity study of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with obesity (TRIUMPH-1)
External reference
Retatrutide, a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist, in adults with type 2 diabetes: A phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and dulaglutide-controlled trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01053-x · 2023 · External reference
Orforglipron, a nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, in adults with obesity or overweight
10.1056/nejmoa2304878 · 2023 · External reference
Orforglipron versus dulaglutide or placebo in type 2 diabetes: A phase 2 randomized trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01302-8 · 2023 · External reference
Coadministered cagrilintide and semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
10.1056/nejmoa2502081 · 2025 · External reference
Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight or obesity: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01751-7 · 2021 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2026 · External reference
Amycretin, a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: Results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study
10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01185-7 · 2025 · External reference
Once-monthly maridebart cafraglutide for the treatment of obesity—a phase 2 trial
10.1056/nejmoa2504214 · 2025 · External reference
Weekly subcutaneous VK2735, a GIP/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, for weight management: Phase 2, randomized, 13-week VENTURE study
10.1002/oby.70106 · 2026 · External reference
Survodutide once weekly for the treatment of adults with obesity
10.1056/nejmoa2600751 · 2026 · External reference
Survodutide once weekly for the treatment of adults with obesity without diabetes
10.1056/nejmoa2600751 · 2026 · External reference
Mazdutide (IBI362), a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity: A phase 2 randomized controlled trial
10.1038/s41467-023-44067-4 · 2023 · External reference
Non-clinical and first-in-human characterization of ECC5004/AZD5004, a novel once-daily, oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist
10.1111/dom.16047 · 2025 · External reference
Phase 1b trial results for CT-388, a once-weekly dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist in adults with obesity
10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102291 · 2024 · External reference
ECC5004, a novel oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist: Phase 1 safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers and adults with type 2 diabetes
10.31525/ct1-nct03917628 · 2024 · External reference
Association of pharmacological treatments for obesity with weight loss and adverse events: A systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1001/jama.2016.7602 · 2016 · External reference
Pharmacotherapy for adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01640-8 · 2022 · External reference
Oral semaglutide at a dose of 25 mg in adults with overweight or obesity
10.1056/nejmoa2500969 · 2025 · External reference
AGA clinical practice guideline on pharmacological interventions for adults with obesity
10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.045 · 2022 · External reference
Benefits and harms of pharmacologic treatments in adults with overweight or obesity: A living systematic review and network meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians
10.7326/annals-24-03764 · 2026 · External reference
Orforglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist for obesity treatment
10.1056/nejmoa2511774 · 2025 · External reference
Precision obesity medicine: A phenotype-guided framework for pharmacologic therapy across the lifespan
10.1007/s40618-025-02700-7 · 2025 · External reference
Artificial intelligence across the obesity continuum: From mechanistic insights to global precision prevention and therapy
10.1002/oby.70095 · 2026 · External reference
E-health and m-health in obesity management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
10.3390/nu17132200 · 2025 · External reference
Associations between the built environment and adult obesity and the mediating role of physical activity: A systematic review
10.1111/obr.13944 · 2025 · External reference
Prevention of obesity among adults: Evidence- and consensus-based guideline
10.1159/000546415 · 2025 · External reference
Health disparities in obesity treatment outcomes, access, and utilization
10.1007/s13679-025-00639-7 · 2025 · External reference
Tipping the scales: Strategies to improve anti-obesity medication access and affordability
10.1002/jac5.70118 · 2025 · External reference
Economic evaluation of medications in prevention and treatment of obesity: A systematic review
10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_368_24 · 2025 · External reference
The effectiveness of partnerships with commercial actors to improve food environments: A systematic review
10.1111/obr.13952 · 2025 · External reference
