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References from The circadian–melatonin axis in breast cancer metastasis: molecular mechanisms, organ-specific metastatic niches, and therapeutic opportunities. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Disparities in 36 cancers across 185 countries: secondary analysis of global cancer statistics
10.1007/s11684-024-1058-6 · 2024 · External reference
Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
10.3322/caac.21660 · 2021 · External reference
The metastatic spread of breast cancer accelerates during sleep
10.1038/s41586-022-04875-y · 2022 · External reference
Carcinogenicity of shift-work, painting, and fire-fighting
10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70373-x · 2007 · External reference
Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption
10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008 · 2017 · External reference
Night shift work and risk of breast cancer
10.1007/s40572-017-0155-y · 2017 · External reference
Melatonin-depleted blood from premenopausal women exposed to light at night stimulates growth of human breast cancer xenografts in nude rats
10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1945 · 2005 · External reference
Circadian and melatonin disruption by exposure to light at night drives intrinsic resistance to tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer
10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3156 · 2014 · External reference
Melatonin regulates angiogenic factors under hypoxia in breast cancer cell lines
10.2174/1871520615666150511094201 · 2016 · External reference
Melatonin effects on bone: potential use for the prevention and treatment for osteopenia, osteoporosis, and periodontal disease and for use in bone-grafting procedures
10.1111/jpi.12116 · 2014 · External reference
Molecular mechanisms and physiological importance of circadian rhythms
10.1038/s41580-019-0179-2 · 2020 · External reference
The mammalian circadian system: a hierarchical multi-oscillator structure for generating circadian rhythm
10.1007/s12576-018-0597-5 · 2018 · External reference
Tumor circadian clock strength influences metastatic potential and predicts patient prognosis in luminal A breast cancer
10.1073/pnas.2311854121 · 2024 · External reference
Light at night, chronodisruption, melatonin suppression, and cancer risk: a review
10.1615/critrevoncog.v13.i4.30 · 2007 · External reference
Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues: distribution and functions
10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.004 · 2012 · External reference
Melatonin in cancer biology: pathways, derivatives, and the promise of targeted delivery
10.1080/03602532.2024.2305764 · 2024 · External reference
Melatonin, a full service anti-cancer agent: inhibition of initiation, progression and metastasis
10.3390/ijms18040843 · 2017 · External reference
Unresolved reference
2020 · External reference
Night shift work and breast cancer risk - 2023 update of epidemiologic evidence
10.1016/j.jncc.2024.07.004 · 2025 · External reference
Nightshift work and risk of breast and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2012-2023
10.23938/assn.1149 · 2025 · External reference
Circadian rhythm disrupting behaviours and cancer outcomes in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review
10.1007/s10549-022-06792-0 · 2023 · External reference
Period-2: a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer
10.1186/1740-3391-6-4 · 2008 · External reference
Down regulation of circadian clock gene Period 2 accelerates breast cancer growth by altering its daily growth rhythm
10.1007/s10549-008-0133-z · 2009 · External reference
The circadian protein BMAL1 supports endothelial cell cycle during angiogenesis
10.1093/cvr/cvad057 · 2023 · External reference
BMAL1 silencing as a promising chemosensitizing strategy for triple-negative breast cancer
10.1038/s41401-026-01788-8 · 2026 · External reference
Circadian rhythms and breast cancer: from molecular level to therapeutic advancements
10.1007/s00432-024-05917-w · 2024 · External reference
Role of melatonin in breast carcinoma: correlation of expression patterns of melatonin-1 receptor with estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors
10.1097/pai.0000000000000788 · 2020 · External reference
Differential expression of high-affinity melatonin receptors (MT1) in normal and Malignant human breast tissue
10.1309/1t4v-ct1g-ubjp-3ehp · 2002 · External reference
Involvement of the mt1 melatonin receptor in human breast cancer
10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00873-4 · 2002 · External reference
Melatonin inhibits aromatase promoter expression by regulating cyclooxygenases expression and activity in breast cancer cells
10.1038/sj.bjc.6605336 · 2009 · External reference
Melatonin suppresses aromatase expression and activity in breast cancer associated fibroblasts
10.1007/s10549-012-1953-4 · 2012 · External reference
Melatonin inhibition of cancer growth in vivo involves suppression of tumor fatty acid metabolism via melatonin receptor-mediated signal transduction events
1999 · External reference
Light exposure at night disrupts host/cancer circadian regulatory dynamics: impact on the Warburg effect, lipid signaling and tumor growth prevention
10.1371/journal.pone.0102776 · 2014 · External reference
Melatonin pathway genes and breast cancer risk among Chinese women
10.1007/s10549-011-1884-5 · 2012 · External reference
Evaluating the role of PD1 and MTNR1B gene variants in breast cancer susceptibility: a case-control study in Bangladesh
10.1002/jcla.70086 · 2025 · External reference
The role of MTNR1B polymorphism on circadian rhythm-related cancer: a UK Biobank cohort study
10.1002/ijc.34047 · 2022 · External reference
Melatonin and breast cancer: a review article
10.4068/cmj.2025.61.2.63 · 2025 · External reference
Melatonin as an oncostatic molecule based on its anti-aromatase role in breast cancer
10.3390/ijms22010438 · 2021 · External reference
Melatonin, an endogenous-specific inhibitor of estrogen receptor alpha via calmodulin
10.1074/jbc.m403140200 · 2004 · External reference
Inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion by melatonin is mediated through regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
10.1186/bcr2794 · 2010 · External reference
Effects of melatonin on the expression of invasion-related markers (MMP2 and MMP9) in breast cancer cells
10.1002/jcb.70010 · 2025 · External reference
Circadian gating of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells via melatonin-regulation of GSK3beta
10.1210/me.2012-1071 · 2012 · External reference
The evaluation of melatonin and EGF interaction on breast cancer metastasis
10.1515/hmbci-2023-0082 · 2024 · External reference
Effect of melatonin in epithelial mesenchymal transition markers and invasive properties of breast cancer stem cells of canine and human cell lines
10.1371/journal.pone.0150407 · 2016 · External reference
Melatonin inhibits breast cancer cell invasion through modulating DJ-1/KLF17/ID-1 signaling pathway
10.1002/jcb.27678 · 2019 · External reference
Chronic circadian disruption modulates breast cancer stemness and immune microenvironment to drive metastasis in mice
10.1038/s41467-020-16890-6 · 2020 · External reference
Melatonin and its role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer
10.3390/cancers16050956 · 2024 · External reference
Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: a mechanistic viewpoint
10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116960 · 2019 · External reference
Melatonin downregulates PD-L1 expression and modulates tumor immunity in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer
10.3390/ijms22115649 · 2021 · External reference
Melatonin inhibits EMT and PD-L1 expression through the ERK1/2/FOSL1 pathway and regulates anti-tumor immunity in HNSCC
10.1111/cas.15338 · 2022 · External reference
Melatonin suppresses PD-L1 expression and exerts antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1038/s41598-025-93486-4 · 2025 · External reference
Melatonin enhances anti-tumor immunity by targeting macrophages PD-L1 via exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells
10.1016/j.mce.2023.111917 · 2023 · External reference
Exosomes from melatonin treated hepatocellularcarcinoma cells alter the immunosupression status through STAT3 pathway in macrophages
10.7150/ijbs.19642 · 2017 · External reference
Melatonin inhibits Warburg-dependent cancer by redirecting glucose oxidation to the mitochondria: a mechanistic hypothesis
10.1007/s00018-019-03438-1 · 2020 · External reference
Melatonin inhibits lung cancer development by reversing the Warburg effect via stimulating the SIRT3/PDH axis
10.1111/jpi.12755 · 2021 · External reference
Cancer-associated adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype and contribute to breast cancer invasion
10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3323 · 2011 · External reference
Melatonin interferes in the desmoplastic reaction in breast cancer by regulating cytokine production
10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00940.x · 2012 · External reference
Melatonin promotes differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts
10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00911.x · 2012 · External reference
Melatonin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in ovariectomized mice by regulating PRMT1-mediated signaling
10.1210/endocr/bqab057 · 2021 · External reference
Melatonin attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of Atp6v0d2 and DC-STAMP through MAPK and NFATc1 signaling pathways
10.3390/molecules27020501 · 2022 · External reference
Melatonin promotes osteoblast differentiation by regulating Osterix protein stability and expression
10.1038/s41598-017-06304-x · 2017 · External reference
Melatonin inhibits osteoclastogenesis via RANKL/OPG suppression mediated by Rev-Erbalpha in osteoblasts
10.1111/jcmm.17440 · 2022 · External reference
Melatonin interrupts osteoclast functioning and suppresses tumor-secreted RANKL expression: implications for bone metastases
10.1038/s41388-020-01613-4 · 2021 · External reference
GALNT14 promotes lung-specific breast cancer metastasis by modulating self-renewal and interaction with the lung microenvironment
10.1038/ncomms13796 · 2016 · External reference
Melatonin decreases breast cancer metastasis by modulating Rho-associated kinase protein-1 expression
10.1111/jpi.12270 · 2016 · External reference
Melatonin decreases metastasis, primary tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mice model of breast cancer
10.1177/09603271211002883 · 2021 · External reference
Emerging biological principles of metastasis
10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.037 · 2017 · External reference
Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis
10.1038/nature15756 · 2015 · External reference
Breast cancer induces CD62L(+) Kupffer cells via DMBT1 to promote neutrophil extracellular trap formation and liver metastasis
10.1038/s41421-025-00819-8 · 2025 · External reference
The incidence of brain metastases among patients with metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1093/neuonc/noaa285 · 2021 · External reference
Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to the brain
10.1038/nature08021 · 2009 · External reference
Brain metastatic cancer cells release microRNA-181c-containing extracellular vesicles capable of destructing blood-brain barrier
10.1038/ncomms7716 · 2015 · External reference
Blood-brain barrier integrity and breast cancer metastasis to the brain
10.4061/2011/920509 · 2010 · External reference
Melatonin protects blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 via the NOTCH3/NF-kappaB pathway
10.18632/aging.102537 · 2019 · External reference
Melatonin and brain barriers: The protection conferred by melatonin to the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101158 · 2024 · External reference
A pragmatic, multicenter, randomized trial comparing morning versus evening dosing of adjuvant endocrine therapy (REaCT-CHRONO Study)
10.1038/s41523-025-00762-7 · 2025 · External reference
Comparison of acute skin reaction following morning versus late afternoon radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer who have undergone curative surgical resection
10.1093/jrr/rrt141 · 2014 · External reference
A protective effect of morning radiotherapy on acute skin toxicity in patients with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study
10.1097/md.0000000000027155 · 2021 · External reference
Genetic variants predict optimal timing of radiotherapy to reduce side-effects in breast cancer patients
10.1016/j.clon.2018.10.001 · 2019 · External reference
Treatment time and circadian genotype interact to influence radiotherapy side-effects. A prospective European validation study using the REQUITE cohort
10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104269 · 2022 · External reference
The efficacy and safety of melatonin in concurrent chemotherapy or radiotherapy for solid tumors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1007/s00280-012-1828-8 · 2012 · External reference
Melatonin as adjuvant cancer care with and without chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
10.1177/1534735411425484 · 2012 · External reference
Melatonin in cancer treatment
10.1002/14651858.cd010145.pub2 · 2025 · External reference
Therapeutic potential of melatonin counteracting chemotherapy-induced toxicity in breast cancer patients: a systematic review
10.3390/pharmaceutics15061616 · 2023 · External reference
Melatonin enhancement of the radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cells is associated with the modulation of proteins involved in estrogen biosynthesis
10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.015 · 2016 · External reference
Melatonin supplementation for cancer-related fatigue in patients with early stage breast cancer receiving radiotherapy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
10.1093/oncolo/oyad250 · 2024 · External reference
Efficacy of melatonin in alleviating radiotherapy-induced fatigue, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer patients: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial
10.1177/15347354251371705 · 2025 · External reference
Association between endocrine adjuvant therapy intake timing and disease-free survival in patients with high-risk early breast cancer: results of a sub-study of the UCBG- UNIRAD trial
10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105141 · 2024 · External reference
