Research graph
References from β-lactam infusion strategies in critical illness: is continuous superior to extended infusion? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
The epidemiology of sepsis in Chinese ICUs: a national cross-sectional survey
10.1097/ccm.0000000000004155 · 2020 · External reference
National incidence and mortality of hospitalized sepsis in China
10.1186/s13054-023-04385-x · 2023 · External reference
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021
10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y · 2021 · External reference
β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors: an overview
10.1101/cshperspect.a025247 · 2016 · External reference
The ADMIN-ICU survey: a survey on antimicrobial dosing and monitoring in ICUs
10.1093/jac/dkv165 · 2015 · External reference
The clinical application of beta-lactam antibiotic therapeutic drug monitoring in the critical care setting
10.1093/jac/dkad223 · 2023 · External reference
Antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill adult patients: a position paper
10.1007/s00134-020-06050-1 · 2020 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics issues relevant for the clinical use of beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients
10.1186/s13054-018-2155-1 · 2018 · External reference
Continuous beta-lactam infusion in critically ill patients: the clinical evidence
10.1186/2110-5820-2-37 · 2012 · External reference
Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients with sepsis: implementation considerations
10.1007/s00134-024-07650-x · 2024 · External reference
International consensus recommendations for the use of prolonged-infusion beta-lactam antibiotics: endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
10.1002/phar.2842 · 2023 · External reference
Prolonged vs. intermittent infusions of β-lactam antibiotics in adults with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1001/jama.2024.9803 · 2024 · External reference
Prolonged beta-lactam infusions in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114220 · 2024 · External reference
Impact of prolonged versus intermittent infusion of meropenem on mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with severe infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102634 · 2025 · External reference
Continuous versus intermittent infusion of antibiotics in gram-negative multidrug-resistant infections
10.1097/qco.0000000000000755 · 2021 · External reference
The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations
10.7326/m14-2385 · 2015 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
10.1136/bmj.n71 · 2021 · External reference
Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range
10.1186/1471-2288-14-135 · 2014 · External reference
A modified test for small-study effects in meta-analyses of controlled trials with binary endpoints
10.1002/sim.2380 · 2006 · External reference
GRADE guidance 36: updates to GRADE’s approach to addressing inconsistency
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.03.003 · 2023 · External reference
Development of the instrument to assess the credibility of effect modification analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses
10.1503/cmaj.200077 · 2020 · External reference
A guide and pragmatic considerations for applying GRADE to network meta-analysis
10.1136/bmj-2022-074495 · 2023 · External reference
Cefepime in critically ill patients: continuous infusion vs. an intermittent dosing regimen
10.5414/cpp43360 · 2005 · External reference
Pharmacokinetics of imipenem in critically ill patients during empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia: a comparison of 0.5-h and 3-h infusions
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.05.011 · 2014 · External reference
Effect of extended infusion of meropenem and nebulized amikacin on gram-negative multidrug-resistant ventilator-associated pneumonia
10.4103/sja.sja_148_17 · 2018 · External reference
Beta-lactam infusion in severe sepsis (BLISS): a prospective, two-centre, open-labelled randomised controlled trial of continuous versus intermittent beta-lactam infusion in critically ill patients with severe sepsis
10.1007/s00134-015-4188-0 · 2016 · External reference
Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent administration of piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial
10.1007/s10096-016-2819-1 · 2017 · External reference
Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill patients: a prospective clinical trial
10.1002/phar.1875 · 2017 · External reference
The clinical and paraclinical effectiveness of four-hour infusion vs. half-hour infusion of high-dose ampicillin-sulbactam in treatment of critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock: an assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial
10.1016/j.jcrc.2022.154170 · 2023 · External reference
Extended infusion of piperacillin–tazobactam versus intermittent infusion in critically ill Egyptian patients: a cost-effectiveness study
10.1038/s41598-022-12861-7 · 2022 · External reference
Cost-effectiveness of ceftazidime by continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion for nosocomial pneumonia
10.1592/phco.21.6.549.34539 · 2001 · External reference
Efficacy of continuous vs. intermittent administration of cefepime in adult ICU patients with gram-negative Bacilli bacteremia: a randomized double-blind clinical study
10.3390/antibiotics13030229 · 2024 · External reference
Continuous versus intermittent bolus dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in a South African multi-disciplinary intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial
10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106487 · 2025 · External reference
A randomized clinical trial of Bayesian-guided beta-lactam infusion strategy and associated bacterial resistance and clinical outcomes in patients with severe pneumonia
10.1097/ftd.0000000000001144 · 2024 · External reference
Continuous vs. intermittent β-lactam antibiotic infusions in critically ill patients with sepsis: the BLING III randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2024.9779 · 2024 · External reference
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic efficacies of continuous versus intermittent administration of meropenem in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective randomized pilot study
10.4103/0366-6999.205859 · 2017 · External reference
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous versus short-term infusion of imipenem-cilastatin in critically ill patients in a randomized, controlled trial
10.1128/aac.01318-06 · 2007 · External reference
Is continuous infusion ceftriaxone better than once-a-day dosing in intensive care? A randomized controlled pilot study
10.1093/jac/dkl478 · 2006 · External reference
Clinical efficacy of continuous infusion of piperacillin compared with intermittent dosing in septic critically ill patients
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.02.020 · 2006 · External reference
Continuous vs. intermittent meropenem administration in critically ill patients with sepsis: the MERCY randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2023.10598 · 2023 · External reference
Randomized, open-label, comparative study of piperacillin-tazobactam administered by continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion for treatment of hospitalized patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection
10.1128/aac.00329-06 · 2006 · External reference
Temocillin (6g daily) in critically ill patients: continuous infusion versus three times daily administration
10.1093/jac/dku465 · 2015 · External reference
A multicenter randomized trial of continuous versus intermittent β-lactam infusion in severe sepsis
10.1164/rccm.201505-0857oc · 2015 · External reference
Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in severe sepsis: a multicenter double-blind, randomized controlled trial
10.1093/cid/cis856 · 2013 · External reference
Continuous versus intermittent piperacillin/tazobactam infusion in infection due to or suspected pseudomonas aeruginosa
10.1007/s11096-015-0208-y · 2016 · External reference
Clinical and microbiological efficacy of continuous versus intermittent application of meropenem in critically ill patients: a randomized open-label controlled trial
10.1186/cc11405 · 2012 · External reference
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftazidime continuous infusion vs. intermittent bolus injection in septicaemic melioidosis
10.1111/j.1365-2125.2000.00179.x · 2000 · External reference
Continuous versus intermittent administration of ceftazidime in intensive care unit patients with nosocomial pneumonia
10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00329-6 · 2001 · External reference
Prolonged administration of β-lactam antibiotics – a comprehensive review and critical appraisal
10.4414/smw.2016.14368 · 2016 · External reference
Continuous infusion of antibiotics in the critically ill: the new holy grail for beta-lactams and vancomycin?
10.1186/2110-5820-2-22 · 2012 · External reference
Basic pharmacodynamics of antibacterials with clinical applications to the use of β-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid
10.1016/s0891-5520(03)00065-5 · 2003 · External reference
Effect of therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam on sepsis-related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
10.1007/s00134-021-06609-6 · 2022 · External reference
Systematic review of room temperature stability of key beta-lactam antibiotics for extended infusions in inpatient settings
10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003855 · 2024 · External reference
Prolonged vs. intermittent intravenous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics for patients with sepsis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
10.1186/s13613-023-01222-w · 2023 · External reference
Continuous vs. intermittent meropenem administration in critically ill patients with sepsis: the MERCY randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2023.10598 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous vs. intermittent β-lactam antibiotic infusions in critically ill patients with sepsis: the BLING III randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jama.2024.9779 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Prolonged vs. intermittent infusions of β-lactam antibiotics in adults with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1001/jama.2024.9803 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill patients: a prospective clinical trial
10.1002/phar.1875 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
International consensus recommendations for the use of prolonged-infusion beta-lactam antibiotics: endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
10.1002/phar.2842 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A modified test for small-study effects in meta-analyses of controlled trials with binary endpoints
10.1002/sim.2380 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Beta-lactam infusion in severe sepsis (BLISS): a prospective, two-centre, open-labelled randomised controlled trial of continuous versus intermittent beta-lactam infusion in critically ill patients with severe sepsis
10.1007/s00134-015-4188-0 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill adult patients: a position paper
10.1007/s00134-020-06050-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021
10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam on sepsis-related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial
10.1007/s00134-021-06609-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients with sepsis: implementation considerations
10.1007/s00134-024-07650-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent administration of piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial
10.1007/s10096-016-2819-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous versus intermittent piperacillin/tazobactam infusion in infection due to or suspected pseudomonas aeruginosa
10.1007/s11096-015-0208-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical efficacy of continuous infusion of piperacillin compared with intermittent dosing in septic critically ill patients
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.02.020 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacokinetics of imipenem in critically ill patients during empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia: a comparison of 0.5-h and 3-h infusions
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.05.011 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
GRADE guidance 36: updates to GRADE’s approach to addressing inconsistency
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.03.003 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The clinical and paraclinical effectiveness of four-hour infusion vs. half-hour infusion of high-dose ampicillin-sulbactam in treatment of critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock: an assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial
10.1016/j.jcrc.2022.154170 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Impact of prolonged versus intermittent infusion of meropenem on mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with severe infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jiac.2025.102634 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous versus intermittent bolus dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in a South African multi-disciplinary intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial
10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106487 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Prolonged beta-lactam infusions in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114220 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Basic pharmacodynamics of antibacterials with clinical applications to the use of β-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid
10.1016/s0891-5520(03)00065-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous versus intermittent administration of ceftazidime in intensive care unit patients with nosocomial pneumonia
10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00329-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Extended infusion of piperacillin–tazobactam versus intermittent infusion in critically ill Egyptian patients: a cost-effectiveness study
10.1038/s41598-022-12861-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in severe sepsis: a multicenter double-blind, randomized controlled trial
10.1093/cid/cis856 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The clinical application of beta-lactam antibiotic therapeutic drug monitoring in the critical care setting
10.1093/jac/dkad223 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Is continuous infusion ceftriaxone better than once-a-day dosing in intensive care? A randomized controlled pilot study
10.1093/jac/dkl478 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Temocillin (6g daily) in critically ill patients: continuous infusion versus three times daily administration
10.1093/jac/dku465 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The ADMIN-ICU survey: a survey on antimicrobial dosing and monitoring in ICUs
10.1093/jac/dkv165 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The epidemiology of sepsis in Chinese ICUs: a national cross-sectional survey
10.1097/ccm.0000000000004155 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A randomized clinical trial of Bayesian-guided beta-lactam infusion strategy and associated bacterial resistance and clinical outcomes in patients with severe pneumonia
10.1097/ftd.0000000000001144 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous versus intermittent infusion of antibiotics in gram-negative multidrug-resistant infections
10.1097/qco.0000000000000755 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors: an overview
10.1101/cshperspect.a025247 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftazidime continuous infusion vs. intermittent bolus injection in septicaemic melioidosis
10.1111/j.1365-2125.2000.00179.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Randomized, open-label, comparative study of piperacillin-tazobactam administered by continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion for treatment of hospitalized patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection
10.1128/aac.00329-06 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous versus short-term infusion of imipenem-cilastatin in critically ill patients in a randomized, controlled trial
10.1128/aac.01318-06 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A guide and pragmatic considerations for applying GRADE to network meta-analysis
10.1136/bmj-2022-074495 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
10.1136/bmj.n71 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Systematic review of room temperature stability of key beta-lactam antibiotics for extended infusions in inpatient settings
10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003855 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A multicenter randomized trial of continuous versus intermittent β-lactam infusion in severe sepsis
10.1164/rccm.201505-0857oc · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range
10.1186/1471-2288-14-135 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous infusion of antibiotics in the critically ill: the new holy grail for beta-lactams and vancomycin?
10.1186/2110-5820-2-22 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Continuous beta-lactam infusion in critically ill patients: the clinical evidence
10.1186/2110-5820-2-37 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical and microbiological efficacy of continuous versus intermittent application of meropenem in critically ill patients: a randomized open-label controlled trial
10.1186/cc11405 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics issues relevant for the clinical use of beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients
10.1186/s13054-018-2155-1 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
National incidence and mortality of hospitalized sepsis in China
10.1186/s13054-023-04385-x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Prolonged vs. intermittent intravenous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics for patients with sepsis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
10.1186/s13613-023-01222-w · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Development of the instrument to assess the credibility of effect modification analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses
10.1503/cmaj.200077 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cost-effectiveness of ceftazidime by continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion for nosocomial pneumonia
10.1592/phco.21.6.549.34539 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy of continuous vs. intermittent administration of cefepime in adult ICU patients with gram-negative Bacilli bacteremia: a randomized double-blind clinical study
10.3390/antibiotics13030229 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic efficacies of continuous versus intermittent administration of meropenem in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective randomized pilot study
10.4103/0366-6999.205859 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of extended infusion of meropenem and nebulized amikacin on gram-negative multidrug-resistant ventilator-associated pneumonia
10.4103/sja.sja_148_17 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Prolonged administration of β-lactam antibiotics – a comprehensive review and critical appraisal
10.4414/smw.2016.14368 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Cefepime in critically ill patients: continuous infusion vs. an intermittent dosing regimen
10.5414/cpp43360 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations
10.7326/m14-2385 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
