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References from Diagnostic value of the kappa free light chain index in multiple sclerosis under the 2024 CSF positivity criterion: a multicentre study in oligoclonal band-negative patients. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.1177/13524585221134213 · 2023 · External reference
Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement
10.1177/13524585221134217 · 2023 · External reference
Cerebrospinal fluid free light kappa and lambda chains in oligoclonal band-negative patients with suspected multiple sclerosis
10.1111/ene.14121 · 2019 · External reference
Cerebrospinal fluid free light chains compared to oligoclonal bands as biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577108 · 2020 · External reference
Recommended standard of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement
10.1001/archneur.62.6.865 · 2005 · External reference
Inter-center agreement in the interpretation of oligoclonal bands
10.1515/cclm-2020-1037 · 2020 · External reference
The influence of renal function impairment on kappa free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid
10.1177/11795735211042166 · 2021 · External reference
Kappa free light chain index correlates with prognostic biomarkers in multiple sclerosis and decreases slowly following treatment
10.1111/ene.70291 · 2025 · External reference
Clinical and mechanistic effects of cladribine in relapsing multiple sclerosis: 2-year results from the MAGNIFY-MS study
10.1177/17562864251351760 · 2025 · External reference
Kappa free light chains in the context of blood contamination, and other iga-and igm-related cerebrospinal fluid disease pattern
10.3390/cells10030616 · 2021 · External reference
Inter-laboratory concordance of cerebrospinal fluid and serum kappa free light chain measurements
10.3390/biom12050677 · 2022 · External reference
Inter-assay diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385231 · 2024 · External reference
The kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands have a similar role in the McDonald criteria
10.1093/brain/awac220 · 2022 · External reference
Combined use of kappa free light chain index and isoelectrofocusing of cerebro-spinal fluid in diagnosing multiple sclerosis: performances and costs
10.7754/clin.lab.2016.160930 · 2017 · External reference
CSF free light chain identification of demyelinating disease: comparison with oligoclonal banding and other CSF indexes
10.1515/cclm-2017-0901 · 2018 · External reference
Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria
10.1016/s1474-4422(25)00270-4 · 2025 · External reference
Diagnostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis – a multicentre study
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327947 · 2023 · External reference
Kappa index versus CSF oligoclonal bands in predicting multiple sclerosis and infectious/inflammatory CNS disorders
10.3390/diagnostics10100856 · 2020 · External reference
Elevated kappa index in the absence of cerebrospinal fluid IgG oligoclonal bands: contribution of intrathecal IgM and IgA synthesis
10.3390/biom15010090 · 2025 · External reference
Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria
10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30470-2 · 2018 · External reference
Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus report
10.1136/jnnp.57.8.897 · 1994 · External reference
Positive cerebrospinal fluid in the 2024 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis
10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105905 · 2025 · External reference
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and the determination of oligoclonal bands
10.1007/s10072-017-3034-2 · 2017 · External reference
Diagnostic relevance of free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid - the hyperbolic reference range for reliable data interpretation in quotient diagrams
10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.027 · 2019 · External reference
Real-world performance of CSF kappa free light chains in the 2024 McDonald criteria
10.1002/acn3.70300 · 2026 · External reference
Kappa free light chain index in the real world — do we miss clinically relevant information by skipping oligoclonal banding
10.1111/ene.70355 · 2025 · External reference
Early treatment delays long-term disability accrual in RRMS: results from the BMSD network
10.1177/13524585211010128 · 2021 · External reference
The contribute of cerebrospinal fluid free light-chain assay in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases in an Italian multicenter study
10.1177/13524585211064121 · 2022 · External reference
Kappa free light chains index in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and other immune-mediated central nervous system disorders
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577122 · 2020 · External reference
Elevated levels of kappa free light chains in CSF support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
10.1007/s00415-008-0954-z · 2008 · External reference
A multicenter study on the diagnostic significance of a single cerebrospinal fluid IgG band
10.1007/s00415-017-8480-5 · 2017 · External reference
Clinical significance of a single cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin band: a retrospective study
10.1177/1352458520978222 · 2020 · External reference
Diagnostic value of kappa free light chains in patients with one isolated band in isoelectric focusing
10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.029 · 2020 · External reference
Evidence for an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis by kappa free light chains in neurological patients with an isolated band in isoelectric focusing
10.3390/biomedicines10092202 · 2022 · External reference
Kappa-index: real-life evaluation of a new tool for multiple sclerosis diagnosis
10.1016/j.clim.2022.109066 · 2022 · External reference
Kappa index for multiple sclerosis diagnosis: an accurate biomarker of intrathecal synthesis
10.1007/s00415-024-12826-y · 2025 · External reference
Evaluation of kappa index as a tool in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: implementation in routine screening procedure
10.3389/fneur.2021.676527 · 2021 · External reference
The kappa free light chains index and central vein sign: two new biomarkers for multiple sclerosis diagnosis
10.1007/s40120-025-00737-7 · 2025 · External reference
Diagnostic utility of kappa free light chain index in adults with inaugural optic neuritis
10.1212/nxi.0000000000200386 · 2025 · External reference
KFLC-index distinguishes multiple sclerosis from anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin 4 diseases in a Chinese cohort
10.1136/jnnp-2025-335953 · 2025 · External reference
Kappa index in the diagnostic work-up of autoimmune encephalitis
10.1016/j.jns.2024.123146 · 2024 · External reference
Kappa free light chains in cerebrospinal fluid to detect inflammation - results from a multicentric prospective real-world study
10.3389/fimmu.2026.1806398 · 2026 · External reference
A new laboratory workflow integrating the free light chains kappa quotient into routine CSF analysis
10.3390/biom12111690 · 2022 · External reference