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References from Efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
10.3322/caac.21834 · 2024 · External reference
Gastric cancer treatment: recent progress and future perspectives
10.1186/s13045-023-01451-3 · 2023 · External reference
Hazard rates of recurrence for gastric cancer after curative resection: implications for postoperative surveillance
10.1007/s10120-024-01576-5 · 2025 · External reference
Factors affecting long-term outcomes in patients with stage III gastric cancer undergoing adjuvant chemoradiotherapy following D2 radical resection: a study based on 10-year follow-up data
2024 · External reference
The current landscape of gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer diagnosis and treatment in China: a comprehensive nationwide cohort analysis
10.1186/s13045-025-01698-y · 2025 · External reference
Gastric cancer, version 2.2025, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology
10.6004/jnccn.2025.0022 · 2025 · External reference
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, 2023
10.1002/cac2.12516 · 2024 · External reference
Pan-Asian adapted ESMO clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with gastric cancer
10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102226 · 2024 · External reference
Personalizing cancer therapy: the role of pharmacogenetics in overcoming drug resistance and toxicity
10.1007/s11033-025-10887-4 · 2025 · External reference
Complications of chemotherapy
10.1016/j.emc.2025.03.009 · 2025 · External reference
The disrupted mitochondrial quality control network: a unifying mechanism and therapeutic target for chemotherapy-induced multi-organ toxicity
10.3390/biology15030230 · 2026 · External reference
Current modalities in cancer immunotherapy: immunomodulatory antibodies, CARs and vaccines
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.008 · 2017 · External reference
Therapeutic applications of thymosin peptides: a patent landscape 2018-present
10.1080/13543776.2023.2298833 · 2023 · External reference
Thymosin α1 and cancer: action on immune effector and tumor target cells
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06697.x · 2012 · External reference
A reappraisal of thymosin alpha1 in cancer therapy
10.3389/fonc.2019.00873 · 2019 · External reference
Generation of a novel long-acting thymosin alpha1-Fc fusion protein and its efficacy for the inhibition of breast cancer in vivo
10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.064 · 2018 · External reference
Historical review on thymosin α1 in oncology: preclinical and clinical experiences
10.1517/14712598.2015.1017466 · 2015 · External reference
Thymosin α1 suppresses migration and invasion of PD-L1 high-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer cells via inhibition of STAT3-MMP2 signaling
10.2147/ott.s177943 · 2018 · External reference
Immunological effects of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy can be augmented by thymosin α1
10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109829 · 2023 · External reference
Thymosin α1 combined with XELOX improves immune function and reduces serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer patients after radical surgery
10.1515/biol-2022-0793 · 2024 · External reference
Clinical efficacy and safety of synthetic thymic peptides with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled trials following the PRISMA guidelines
10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105747 · 2019 · External reference
A preliminary analysis of integrating thymosin α1 into concurrent chemoradiotherapy and consolidative immunotherapy in unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
10.21037/tlcr-2025-190 · 2025 · External reference
Significance of plasma thymosin alpha1 measurements in gastric cancer patients
10.1007/s002689910072 · 2000 · External reference
The effects of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy on immune function and quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer
2015 · External reference
Thymosin α1 combined with SOX regimen in adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer after surgery
2016 · External reference
Efficacy of thymosin α1 combined with FOLFIRI chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
2019 · External reference
Efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 combined with SOX regimen chemotherapy in patients with stage IIB-IV gastric cancer
2021 · External reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
10.1136/bmj.n71 · 2021 · External reference
RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
10.1136/bmj.l4898 · 2019 · External reference
Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
10.1002/14651858.ed000142 · 2019 · External reference
Understanding heterogeneity in meta-analysis: the role of meta-regression
10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02168.x · 2009 · External reference
Meta-analysis, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis
10.1093/biostatistics/1.3.247 · 2000 · External reference
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.ad · 2008 · External reference
Trial sequential analysis may establish when firm evidence is reached in cumulative meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.03.013 · 2008 · External reference
Trial sequential analysis in systematic reviews with meta-analysis
10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7 · 2017 · External reference
Effect of thymosin α1 on cellular immune function in patients with gastric cancer undergoing postoperative chemotherapy
2008 · External reference
Clinical observation of thymosin alpha1 combined with DCF regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
2010 · External reference
Effects of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy on quality of life and immune function in advanced gastric cancer
2011 · External reference
Clinical study of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2011.24.055 · 2011 · External reference
Effect of thymosin combined with chemotherapy on the efficacy and immune function in elderly patients with gastric cancer
2016 · External reference
Efficacy of Thymalfasin (Zadaxin) injection combined with XELOX regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2016.23.018 · 2016 · External reference
Efficacy observation of thymalfasin injection combined with chemotherapy in elderly gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis
10.3969/j.issn.1671-6450.2016.07.010 · 2016 · External reference
Clinical effect of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer and its effect on peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets
10.16680/j.1671-3826.2017.04.10 · 2017 · External reference
Effect of thymosin combined with chemotherapy on KPS score and quality of life in patients with gastric cancer
10.3969/j.issn.2095-8439.2017.22.029 · 2017 · External reference
Thymosin combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with gastric cancer: clinical efficacy and effect on immune function and serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels
2018 · External reference
Effect of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy on elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer and its impact on peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets
2018 · External reference
Thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer and its effect on the expression of serum MMP-2 and MMP-9
2019 · External reference
Effect of Thymosin α1 injection combined with FOLFIRI chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer and its influence on serum T lymphocyte subset levels
2019 · External reference
Effect of Thymosin α1 combined with DSOX chemotherapy regimen on progression-free survival and Karnofsky score in patients with advanced gastric cancer
2019 · External reference
Clinical observation of oxaliplatin combined with S-1 plus thymosin α1 in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
10.3969/j.issn.1008-1070.2020.12.021 · 2020 · External reference
Efficacy of thymosin α1 combined with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer
10.16121/j.cnki.cn45-1347/r.2024.02.06 · 2024 · External reference
Dual effect of Thymosin α 1 on human monocyte-derived dendritic cell in vitro stimulated with viral and bacterial toll-like receptor agonists
10.1517/14712598.2015.1019460 · 2015 · External reference
Thymosin-alpha1 modulates dendritic cell differentiation and functional maturation from human peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes
10.1016/j.imlet.2007.04.007 · 2007 · External reference
CX3CR1 identifies PD-1 therapy-responsive CD8+ T cells that withstand chemotherapy during cancer chemoimmunotherapy
10.1172/jci.insight.97828 · 2018 · External reference
The immunomodulatory activity of Thymosin Alpha 1 on tumor cell lines and distinct immune cell subsets
10.2147/ott.s527785 · 2025 · External reference
Thymosin alpha one restores murine T-cell-mediated responses inhibited by in vivo cocaine administration
10.1016/0192-0561(92)90098-6 · 1992 · External reference
Thymosin alpha 1 - Reimagine its broader applications in the immuno-oncology era
10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109952 · 2023 · External reference
Immunopharmacology of thymosin alpha1 and cytokine synergy
10.1196/annals.1415.036 · 2007 · External reference
Polysaccharides regulate Th1/Th2 balance: A new strategy for tumor immunotherapy
10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115976 · 2024 · External reference
Targeting invasion: The role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition in colorectal cancer therapy
10.3390/biom15010035 · 2024 · External reference
Thymosin α1 reverses oncolytic adenovirus-induced M2 polarization of macrophages to improve antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy
10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101751 · 2024 · External reference
Modulatory role of thymosin-alpha-1 in normal bone-marrow haematopoiesis and its effect on myelosuppression in T-cell lymphoma bearing mice
10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00046-9 · 2002 · External reference
LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells protects from chemotherapy-induced mucosal damage
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388496 · 2024 · External reference
Tissue-adapted Tregs harness inflammatory signals to promote intestinal repair from therapy-related injury
10.1038/s41392-025-02476-5 · 2025 · External reference
Deciphering cellular biological processes to clinical application: a new perspective for Tα1 treatment targeting multiple diseases
10.1080/14712598.2018.1474198 · 2018 · External reference
Efficacy of Thymosin α1 in management of radiation pneumonitis in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A phase 2 clinical trial (GASTO-1043)
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.009 · 2022 · External reference
Thymosin alpha 1 alleviates inflammation and prevents infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis through immune regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1571456 · 2025 · External reference
Efficacy of thymosin α1 for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.3389/fcimb.2025.1673959 · 2025 · External reference
Thymosin preparations combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization interventional therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma: A meta-analysis
2023 · External reference
The intrapleural administration with thymic peptides in Malignant pleural effusion: A clusteredsystematicreview and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108688 · 2022 · External reference
Thymosin plus cisplatin with vinorelbine or gemcitabine for non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1111/j.1759-7714.2011.00057.x · 2011 · External reference
Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
10.1002/14651858.ed000142 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, 2023
10.1002/cac2.12516 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Significance of plasma thymosin alpha1 measurements in gastric cancer patients
10.1007/s002689910072 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Hazard rates of recurrence for gastric cancer after curative resection: implications for postoperative surveillance
10.1007/s10120-024-01576-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Personalizing cancer therapy: the role of pharmacogenetics in overcoming drug resistance and toxicity
10.1007/s11033-025-10887-4 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin alpha one restores murine T-cell-mediated responses inhibited by in vivo cocaine administration
10.1016/0192-0561(92)90098-6 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Generation of a novel long-acting thymosin alpha1-Fc fusion protein and its efficacy for the inhibition of breast cancer in vivo
10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.064 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Polysaccharides regulate Th1/Th2 balance: A new strategy for tumor immunotherapy
10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115976 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Complications of chemotherapy
10.1016/j.emc.2025.03.009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Pan-Asian adapted ESMO clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with gastric cancer
10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102226 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy of Thymosin α1 in management of radiation pneumonitis in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A phase 2 clinical trial (GASTO-1043)
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.009 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin-alpha1 modulates dendritic cell differentiation and functional maturation from human peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes
10.1016/j.imlet.2007.04.007 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical efficacy and safety of synthetic thymic peptides with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled trials following the PRISMA guidelines
10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105747 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The intrapleural administration with thymic peptides in Malignant pleural effusion: A clusteredsystematicreview and meta-analysis
10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108688 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immunological effects of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy can be augmented by thymosin α1
10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109829 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin alpha 1 - Reimagine its broader applications in the immuno-oncology era
10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109952 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Trial sequential analysis may establish when firm evidence is reached in cumulative meta-analysis
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.03.013 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Current modalities in cancer immunotherapy: immunomodulatory antibodies, CARs and vaccines
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.008 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin α1 reverses oncolytic adenovirus-induced M2 polarization of macrophages to improve antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy
10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101751 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Modulatory role of thymosin-alpha-1 in normal bone-marrow haematopoiesis and its effect on myelosuppression in T-cell lymphoma bearing mice
10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00046-9 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Tissue-adapted Tregs harness inflammatory signals to promote intestinal repair from therapy-related injury
10.1038/s41392-025-02476-5 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Therapeutic applications of thymosin peptides: a patent landscape 2018-present
10.1080/13543776.2023.2298833 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Deciphering cellular biological processes to clinical application: a new perspective for Tα1 treatment targeting multiple diseases
10.1080/14712598.2018.1474198 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Meta-analysis, funnel plots and sensitivity analysis
10.1093/biostatistics/1.3.247 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Understanding heterogeneity in meta-analysis: the role of meta-regression
10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02168.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin α1 and cancer: action on immune effector and tumor target cells
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06697.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin plus cisplatin with vinorelbine or gemcitabine for non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.1111/j.1759-7714.2011.00057.x · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.ad · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
10.1136/bmj.l4898 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
10.1136/bmj.n71 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
CX3CR1 identifies PD-1 therapy-responsive CD8+ T cells that withstand chemotherapy during cancer chemoimmunotherapy
10.1172/jci.insight.97828 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Trial sequential analysis in systematic reviews with meta-analysis
10.1186/s12874-017-0315-7 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gastric cancer treatment: recent progress and future perspectives
10.1186/s13045-023-01451-3 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The current landscape of gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer diagnosis and treatment in China: a comprehensive nationwide cohort analysis
10.1186/s13045-025-01698-y · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Immunopharmacology of thymosin alpha1 and cytokine synergy
10.1196/annals.1415.036 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical study of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2011.24.055 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy of Thymalfasin (Zadaxin) injection combined with XELOX regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2016.23.018 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin α1 combined with XELOX improves immune function and reduces serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer patients after radical surgery
10.1515/biol-2022-0793 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Historical review on thymosin α1 in oncology: preclinical and clinical experiences
10.1517/14712598.2015.1017466 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Dual effect of Thymosin α 1 on human monocyte-derived dendritic cell in vitro stimulated with viral and bacterial toll-like receptor agonists
10.1517/14712598.2015.1019460 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy of thymosin α1 combined with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer
10.16121/j.cnki.cn45-1347/r.2024.02.06 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical effect of thymosin α1 combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer and its effect on peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets
10.16680/j.1671-3826.2017.04.10 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A preliminary analysis of integrating thymosin α1 into concurrent chemoradiotherapy and consolidative immunotherapy in unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
10.21037/tlcr-2025-190 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin α1 suppresses migration and invasion of PD-L1 high-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer cells via inhibition of STAT3-MMP2 signaling
10.2147/ott.s177943 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The immunomodulatory activity of Thymosin Alpha 1 on tumor cell lines and distinct immune cell subsets
10.2147/ott.s527785 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
10.3322/caac.21834 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy of thymosin α1 for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
10.3389/fcimb.2025.1673959 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells protects from chemotherapy-induced mucosal damage
10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388496 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Thymosin alpha 1 alleviates inflammation and prevents infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis through immune regulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
10.3389/fimmu.2025.1571456 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
A reappraisal of thymosin alpha1 in cancer therapy
10.3389/fonc.2019.00873 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
The disrupted mitochondrial quality control network: a unifying mechanism and therapeutic target for chemotherapy-induced multi-organ toxicity
10.3390/biology15030230 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Targeting invasion: The role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition in colorectal cancer therapy
10.3390/biom15010035 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Clinical observation of oxaliplatin combined with S-1 plus thymosin α1 in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
10.3969/j.issn.1008-1070.2020.12.021 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Efficacy observation of thymalfasin injection combined with chemotherapy in elderly gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis
10.3969/j.issn.1671-6450.2016.07.010 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Effect of thymosin combined with chemotherapy on KPS score and quality of life in patients with gastric cancer
10.3969/j.issn.2095-8439.2017.22.029 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
Gastric cancer, version 2.2025, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology
10.6004/jnccn.2025.0022 · ExternalCitation · doi-reference
