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References from Redox-driven mitochondrial DNA stress in hepatocellular carcinoma: innate immune remodelling, tumour immune escape, and immunotherapy implications. Local targets link to admitted publications; unresolved targets remain external evidence.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 · 2021 · External reference
Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
10.3322/caac.21834 · 2024 · External reference
A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature
10.1097/hep.0000000000000520 · 2023 · External reference
A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends, risk, prevention and management
10.1038/s41575-019-0186-y · 2019 · External reference
Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention
10.1038/s41575-020-00381-6 · 2021 · External reference
The liver cancer immune microenvironment: Therapeutic implications for hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1002/hep.32740 · 2023 · External reference
The immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1038/s41590-018-0044-z · 2018 · External reference
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1056/nejmoa1915745 · 2020 · External reference
Tremelimumab plus durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1056/evidoa2100070 · 2022 · External reference
Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus lenvatinib plus placebo for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (LEAP-002): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00469-2 · 2023 · External reference
Mechanisms and implications of metabolic heterogeneity in cancer
10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.013 · 2019 · External reference
The heterogeneity of liver cancer metabolism
10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_9 · 2021 · External reference
Metabolic reprogramming of HCC: A new microenvironment for immune responses
10.3390/ijms24087463 · 2023 · External reference
Metabolic instruction of immunity
10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.004 · 2017 · External reference
Mitochondrial DNA release in innate immune signaling
10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-104401 · 2023 · External reference
Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology
10.1038/nri.2017.21 · 2017 · External reference
Mitochondrial DNA-triggered innate immune response: mechanisms and diseases
10.1038/s41423-023-01086-x · 2023 · External reference
Immune remodeling via mitochondria-dependent STING activation enhances cabozantinib response in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1186/s13046-025-03632-z · 2026 · External reference
STING-dependent cytosolic DNA sensing mediates innate immune recognition of immunogenic tumors
10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.017 · 2014 · External reference
Mitochondrial DNA-mediated intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles under hypoxic stress to drive HCC progression
10.1111/cas.70172 · 2025 · External reference
Circulating mitochondrial DNA promotes M2 polarization of tumor associated macrophages and HCC resistance to sorafenib
10.1038/s41419-025-07473-8 · 2025 · External reference
Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.7150/thno.44417 · 2020 · External reference
Targeting TFAM downregulation mediated mtDNA-NLRP3 pathway suppresses TAM infiltration and HCC progression
10.1038/s41388-025-03467-0 · 2025 · External reference
Mitochondrial oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment and cancer immunoescape: foe or friend
10.1186/s12929-022-00859-2 · 2022 · External reference
Oxidative stress in cancer immunotherapy: molecular mechanisms and potential applications
10.3390/antiox11050853 · 2022 · External reference
Beyond the surface: P2Y receptor downstream pathways, TLR crosstalk and therapeutic implications for infection and autoimmunity
10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107884 · 2025 · External reference
Purinergic signaling in the modulation of redox biology
10.1016/j.redox.2021.102137 · 2021 · External reference
Physiological roles of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.025 · 2012 · External reference
Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury
10.1038/nature08780 · 2010 · External reference
Mitochondrial peptides are potent immune activators that activate human neutrophils via FPR-1
10.1097/ta.0b013e3181dcd28d · 2010 · External reference
Integrated omics landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma suggests proteomic subtypes for precision therapy
10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101315 · 2023 · External reference
Integrated proteogenomic characterization of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.052 · 2019 · External reference
LDHA-associated lactic acid production blunts tumor immunosurveillance by T and NK cells
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.011 · 2016 · External reference
Lactate and lactylation in cancer
10.1038/s41392-024-02082-x · 2025 · External reference
PD-L1 is a novel direct target of HIF-1α, and its blockade under hypoxia enhanced MDSC-mediated T cell activation
10.1084/jem.20131916 · 2014 · External reference
Association of PD-L1 and HIF-1α Coexpression with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1016/j.tranon.2018.02.014 · 2018 · External reference
Mitochondrial fission-induced mtDNA stress promotes tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and HCC progression
10.1038/s41388-019-0772-z · 2019 · External reference
Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway
10.1038/s12276-023-00965-7 · 2023 · External reference
BAK/BAX macropores facilitate mitochondrial herniation and mtDNA efflux during apoptosis
10.1126/science.aao6047 · 2018 · External reference
VDAC oligomers form mitochondrial pores to release mtDNA fragments and promote lupus-like disease
10.1126/science.aav4011 · 2019 · External reference
Oxidized DNA fragments exit mitochondria via mPTP- and VDAC-dependent channels to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and interferon signaling
10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.007 · 2022 · External reference
Aberrant fragmentomic features of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA enable early detection and prognosis prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma
10.3350/cmh.2024.0527 · 2025 · External reference
Reactive oxygen species and metabolic checkpoints shape plasmacytoid dendritic cell fate in infection and autoimmunity
10.1016/j.redox.2026.104185 · 2026 · External reference
NF-kappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression
10.4049/jimmunol.0901363 · 2009 · External reference
Oxidized mitochondrial DNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome during apoptosis
10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.009 · 2012 · External reference
Redox-signaling in innate immune memory: Similar mechanisms in animals/humans and plants
10.1016/j.redox.2025.103702 · 2025 · External reference
DDX3 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression through modulating the secretion and composition of exosome
2023 · External reference
DDX3 as a post-transcriptional hub coordinating immune evasion, mitochondrial plasticity, and cancer progression
10.1016/j.gene.2026.150119 · 2026 · External reference
Metastatic breast cancer cells are vulnerable to fatty acid oxidation inhibition through DDX3-DRP1-mediated mitochondrial plasticity
10.1016/j.redox.2025.103845 · 2025 · External reference
DDX3 upregulates hydrogen peroxide-induced melanogenesis in sk-mel-2 human melanoma cells
10.3390/molecules27207010 · 2022 · External reference
The host cell factor DDX3 mediates sex dimorphism in the IFNα response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells upon TLR activation
10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107764 · 2025 · External reference
Mitochondrial RNA cytosolic leakage drives the SASP
10.1038/s41467-025-66159-z · 2025 · External reference
Activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi
10.1038/ncomms11932 · 2016 · External reference
The cGAS-STING pathway is a therapeutic target in a preclinical model of hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1038/s41388-019-1108-8 · 2020 · External reference
Inhibiting B cells enhances the efficacy of STING agonism or immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1038/s41467-025-66581-3 · 2025 · External reference
Navigating metabolic pathways to enhance antitumour immunity and immunotherapy
10.1038/s41571-019-0203-7 · 2019 · External reference
The tumor microenvironment represses T cell mitochondrial biogenesis to drive intratumoral T cell metabolic insufficiency and dysfunction
10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.009 · 2016 · External reference
Mitochondrial stress induced by continuous stimulation under hypoxia rapidly drives T cell exhaustion
10.1038/s41590-020-00834-9 · 2021 · External reference
Foxp3 reprograms T cell metabolism to function in low-glucose, high-lactate environments
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.018 · 2017 · External reference
NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC
10.1038/s41586-021-03362-0 · 2021 · External reference
The metabolic signature of macrophage responses
10.3389/fimmu.2019.01462 · 2019 · External reference
Mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages affecting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
10.3389/fphar.2023.1217400 · 2023 · External reference
Identification of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion signatures for prognosis in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing
10.1186/s12885-023-11804-3 · 2024 · External reference
Single-cell RNA sequencing shows the immunosuppressive landscape and tumor heterogeneity of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1038/s41467-021-24010-1 · 2021 · External reference
Single-cell and spatial analyses revealed the co-location of cancer stem cells and SPP1+ macrophage in hypoxic region that determines the poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1038/s41698-024-00564-3 · 2024 · External reference
Bioenergetic insufficiencies due to metabolic alterations regulated by the inhibitory receptor PD-1 are an early driver of CD8(+) T cell exhaustion
10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.008 · 2016 · External reference
A metabolic immune checkpoint: Adenosine in tumor microenvironment
10.3389/fimmu.2016.00109 · 2016 · External reference
Immunometabolism of regulatory T cells in cancer
10.1038/s41388-025-03458-1 · 2025 · External reference
Foxp3 drives oxidative phosphorylation and protection from lipotoxicity
10.1172/jci.insight.89160 · 2017 · External reference
Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells
10.1126/science.aan5931 · 2018 · External reference
Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptome reveal metabolic gene SLC16A3 as a key regulator of immune suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1111/jcmm.70272 · 2024 · External reference
Spatial maps of hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptomes reveal spatial expression patterns in tumor immune microenvironment
10.7150/thno.71873 · 2022 · External reference
TP53/mTORC1-mediated bidirectional regulation of PD-L1 modulates immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
10.1136/jitc-2023-007479 · 2023 · External reference
Efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib: The CheckMate 040 randomized clinical trial
10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.4564 · 2020 · External reference
Metformin treatment rescues CD8+ T-cell response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in mice with NAFLD
10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.010 · 2022 · External reference
